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CO1-CC-PPT Session-2

This document provides an introduction to cognitive computing. It defines cognition and key cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. It explains that cognitive systems learn from data to build models and generate hypotheses. The document also outlines the system architecture of cognitive computing and how it is supported by technologies like deep learning, robotics, and 5G networks. Examples of potential uses of cognitive systems in areas like healthcare, transportation, and knowledge transfer are also provided.

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192 views

CO1-CC-PPT Session-2

This document provides an introduction to cognitive computing. It defines cognition and key cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. It explains that cognitive systems learn from data to build models and generate hypotheses. The document also outlines the system architecture of cognitive computing and how it is supported by technologies like deep learning, robotics, and 5G networks. Examples of potential uses of cognitive systems in areas like healthcare, transportation, and knowledge transfer are also provided.

Uploaded by

Neha A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CO1 – Session1

Session Topic: Introduction to Cognitive Computing

COGNITIVE COMPUTING
(Course code: 18CS3272)
Introduction to Cognitive
Computing
How do minds work?
What would an answer to this question look like?
 What is a mind?
 What is intelligence?
 How do brains work?
Neurons
Brain structure
 What’s the difference between the brain and the mind?
Cognition
Cognition – from Latin base cognitio – “know together”
The collection of mental processes and activities used
in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, and
understanding
 and the act of using those processes

• Cognition: (People Think)


• cognito = "to know"
• co = "together"
• gnoscere="know“
Cognition - Definitions and Characteristics
• “All processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced,
elaborated, stored, recovered, and used.” — Neisser, Cognitive
Psychology, 1967.
• Important role of in-built capacity in the brain from genetics and
evolution, e. g., symmetry, intuitive physics.
• The study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about
information.
Key Cognitive Functions
• 1. Perception
• 2. Attention
• 3. Memory
• 4. Reasoning
• 5. Problem solving
• 6. Knowledge representation
• Cognitive system has three fundamental principles
• Learn
• Model
• Generate Hypotheses
• Learn—A cognitive system learns. The system leverages data to make
inferences about a domain, a topic, a person, or an issue based on training
and observations from all varieties, volumes, and velocity of data.
• Model—To learn, the system needs to create a model or representation of a
domain (which includes internal and potentially external data) and
assumptions that dictate what learning algorithms are used. Understanding
the context of how the data fits into the model is key to a cognitive system.
• Generate hypotheses—A cognitive system assumes that there is not a
single correct answer. The most appropriate answer is based on the data
itself. Therefore, a cognitive system is probabilistic. A hypothesis is a
candidate explanation for some of the data already understood. A cognitive
system uses the data to train, test, or score a hypothesis
The evolution of cognitive computing.
The system architecture of cognitive computing
• With the support of underlying technologies such as 5G network ,
robotics and deep learning along with IoT/cloud infrastructures, tasks
involving human-machine interaction, voice recognition and
computer vision will be implemented in a large scale.
• The upper applications supported can be health supervision, cognitive
healthcare, smart city, smart transportation and scientific
experiments. There into, each layer in the system architecture is
accompanied by corresponding technological challenges and system
requirements
COGNITIVE COMPUTING AND DEEP LEARNING
• RATIONAL METHOD AND PERCEPTUAL METHOD

Perceptual and rational method to recognize a square. (a) Rational method. (b) Perceptual method.
Human-centered cognitive cycle
The Uses of Cognitive Systems
• Cognitive systems are still in the early days of evolution.
• Systems are being developed that can enable a city manager to they can anticipate
when traffic will be disrupted by weather events and reroute that traffic to avoid
problems.
• In the healthcare industry, cognitive systems are under development that can be
used in collaboration with a hospital’s electronic medical records to test for
omissions and improve accuracy.
• The cognitive system can help to teach new physicians medical best practices and
improve clinical decision making. Cognitive systems can help with the transfer of
knowledge and best practices in other industries as well.
• In these use cases, a cognitive system is designed to build a dialog between
human and machine so that best practices are learned by the system as opposed
to being programmed as a set of rules.

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