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Concept of Power Electronics

This document provides an introduction to a course on power electronics. It outlines the course objectives, which are to design efficient power converters for control of power in drive applications and power transmission. The course outcomes include explaining the operation of semiconductor devices, designing rectifier circuits, modulating AC voltage and frequency, illustrating chopper circuits, and designing inverter circuits. The syllabus covers topics like power switching devices, AC-DC converters, DC-DC converters, AC-DC inverters, and AC-AC converters.

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Muttoju Vaishnavi
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71 views23 pages

Concept of Power Electronics

This document provides an introduction to a course on power electronics. It outlines the course objectives, which are to design efficient power converters for control of power in drive applications and power transmission. The course outcomes include explaining the operation of semiconductor devices, designing rectifier circuits, modulating AC voltage and frequency, illustrating chopper circuits, and designing inverter circuits. The syllabus covers topics like power switching devices, AC-DC converters, DC-DC converters, AC-DC inverters, and AC-AC converters.

Uploaded by

Muttoju Vaishnavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CMR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

WELCOME TO V SEMESTER

POWER ELECTRONICS
(K.SOUJANYA)
INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS

POWER ELECTRONICS

POWER ELECTRONICS CONTROL


COURSE OUTCOMES

CO1-Explain the operation and performance characteristics of various


semiconductor devices.
CO2-Design and analyse various rectifier circuits.
CO3-Modulate AC voltage & frequency for various load applications.
CO4-Illustrate different types of choppers
C05-Design and analyse various inverter circuits
(A30210) POWER ELECTRONICS
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
• To Design/develop suitable power converter for efficient control or
conversion of power in drive applications.
• To Design / develop suitable power converter for efficient transmission and
utilization of power in power system applications.
Course Outcomes: By the end of this course students will be able to
• Explain the operation and performance characteristics of various
semiconductor devices.
• Design and analyse various rectifier circuits.
• Modulate AC voltage & frequency for various load applications.
• Illustrate different types of choppers
• Design and analyse various inverter circuits
Syllabus
• UNIT-I: POWER SWITCHING DEVICES

• Concept of power electronics, scope and applications, types of power converters;

• Power semiconductor switches and their V-I characteristics - Power Diodes, Power BJT, SCR,
Power MOSFET, Power IGBT; Thyristor ratings and protection,

• Methods of SCR commutation, UJT as a trigger source, gate drive circuits for BJT and MOSFETs

• P.S.BHIMBRA POWER ELECTRONICS

• POWER ELECTRONICS BY SINGH AND KHANCHANDANI


UNIT-II: AC-DC CONVERTERS (PHASE
CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS)
• Principles of single-phase fully-controlled converter with R, RL, and RLE load,

• Principles of single-phase half-controlled converter with RL and RLE load,

• Principles of three-phase fully-controlled converter operation with RLE load,


Effect of load and source inductances,

• General idea of gating circuits, Single phase and Three phase dual converters
UNIT-III: DC-DC CONVERTERS (CHOPPER)

• Introduction, elementary chopper with an active switch and diode,


concepts of duty ratio, average inductor voltage, average capacitor current.

• Buck converter - Power circuit, analysis and waveforms at steady state,


duty ratio control of output voltage.

• Boost converter - Power circuit, analysis and wave forms at steady state,
relation between duty ratio and average output voltage.

• Buck-Boost converter – Power circuit, analysis and waveforms at steady


state, relation between duty ratio and average output voltage.
UNIT-IV: AC-DC CONVERTERS (INVERTERS)

• Introduction,

• principle of operation, performance parameters,

• single phase bridge inverters with R, RL loads,

• 3-phase bridge inverters - 120 and 180 degrees mode of operation,

• Voltage control of single phase inverters –single pulse width


modulation, multiple pulse width modulation, sinusoidal pulse width
UNIT-V: AC-AC CONVERTERS
• Phase Controller (AC Voltage Regulator)-

• Introduction, principle of operation of single phase voltage controllers


for R, R-L loads and its applications.

• Cyclo-converter-

• Principle of operation of single phase cyclo-converters, relevant


waveforms, circulating current mode of operation, Advantages and
disadvantages.
Concept of Power Electronics

Q. What is Power Electronics?

• Power electronics is the application of solid-state electronics to the control and conversion of
electric power.

• The conversion is performed with semi conductor switching devices such as diodes, thyristors,


and power transistors such as the power MOSFET and IGBT.

• These devices are rated for several hundreds of volt and ampere unlike the signal level devices
which work at few volts and mill amperes.

• Before this the control of electrical energy was mainly done using thyratrons and mercury arc
rectifiers which works on the principle of physical phenomena in gases and vapours.
History of Power Electronics
Interdisciplinary Nature of Power Electronics

Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering.
Power Electronic system
Power Electronic Converters
• Mainly there are five types of power electronic circuits or converters, each
having different purpose-
 Rectifiers – converts fixed AC to variable DC
 Choppers – converts fixed DC to variable DC
 Inverters – converts DC to AC having variable amplitude and variable
frequency
 Voltage Regulators – converts fixed AC to variable AC at same input
frequency
 Cycloconverters – converts fixed AC to AC with variable frequency
Block Diagram of Converters
Power Electronics Applications
Distributed generation (DG)
 Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic)
 Fuel cells and micro-turbines
 Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage,
flywheels
Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives
 Power quality solutions
 Dual feeders
 Uninterruptible power supplies
 Dynamic voltage restorers
Transmission and distribution (T&D)
 High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc
 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series
compensation, and the unified power flow controller
Power semiconductor switches and their V-I
characteristics
Major topics for each device
• Appearance, structure, and symbol Physics of operation
• Characteristics
 Static characteristics
 Switching characteristics
Classification of Power Electronic devices
15

Power Electronics

Uncontrolled Half – controlled


device: thyristor Fully – controlled device:
device: diode Power MOSFET, IGBT,
(2 terminals, (turned on by control GTO, IGCT
uncontrolled signal but turned off by (on and off both by control
by control signal) power circuit) signals)
Other Classification of Power Electronic devices
Features of power electronic device(switch)
• All the power electronic devices act as a switch and have two modes, i.e. ON and
OFF.
• The basic characteristic of a switch, is
• When the switch is ON, it has zero voltage drop across it and carries full current
through it
• When it is in OFF condition, it has full voltage drop across it and zero current
flowing through it.
• The figure below depicts the above statement-
Features of power electronic devices
• Switches are very important and crucial components in power electronic
systems .
Q) What is a good power switch?
• » No power loss when ON
• » No power loss when OFF
• » No power loss during turning ON or OFF
• » Little power required to turn it ON or OFF
• » Bi- directional
• » Adequate voltage and current ratings
• » Low Turn-on and Turn-off times
TYPES OF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES

• The main types of power semiconductor switches in common use are


1. Power Diodes :a.Line frequency b. Schottky c. Fast recovery diodes
2. Thyristor devices
a. Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
b. Static induction thyristor (SITH)
c. Triac (Triode ac switch)
d. Gate turn-off thyristor (GTO)
e. Mos- controlled thyristor (MCT)
f. integrated gated-commutated thyristor (IGCTs)
3.Power transistors
a. Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
b. Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)
c. Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)
d. Static induction transistor (SIT)

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