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IV Infusion One Compartment Model

This document discusses the calculation of loading doses for intravenous infusions using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. It explains that the loading dose should be equal to the infusion rate (R) divided by the elimination rate constant (k) in order to achieve steady state drug concentrations immediately. It provides equations to calculate the loading dose based on the desired steady-state concentration and volume of distribution. The concentration over time depends on the drug's clearance and volume of distribution.

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Mubammad Mursaleen
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260 views

IV Infusion One Compartment Model

This document discusses the calculation of loading doses for intravenous infusions using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. It explains that the loading dose should be equal to the infusion rate (R) divided by the elimination rate constant (k) in order to achieve steady state drug concentrations immediately. It provides equations to calculate the loading dose based on the desired steady-state concentration and volume of distribution. The concentration over time depends on the drug's clearance and volume of distribution.

Uploaded by

Mubammad Mursaleen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRANENOUS INFUSION

ONE-COMPARTMENT MODEL
Calculation of Loading dose with IV Infusion:
ONE-COMPARTMENT MODEL
 The loading dose, DL, or initial bolus dose of a drug, is used to
obtain desired concentrations as rapidly as possible.
 The concentration of drug in the body for a one-compartment model
after an IV bolus dose is described by

As Co =
for loading dose
 Assume that an IV bolus dose DL of the drug is given and
that an IV infusion is started at the same time.
 The total concentration Cp at “t” hours after the start of
infusion is C 1 + C 2, due to the sum contributions of
bolus and infusion.
 Cp = C1 +C2
 The loading dose needed to get immediate steady-state drug levels
can also be found by the following approach.

 Loading dose equation:

 Infusion equation:
 Css VD = R/k. Therefore,

Substituting D L = R/k in Equation 5.11

Cp= + ( e - kt – e –kt)
makes the expression in parentheses in Equation 5.11 cancel out.
 Equation 5.11 reduces to Equation 5.13, which is the
same expression for C SS or steady-state plasma
concentration:
 Therefore, if an IV loading dose of R/k is given, followed
by an IV infusion, steady-state plasma drug
concentrations are obtained immediately and
maintained.
 In this situation, steady state is also achieved in a one-
compartment model,
 since rate in = rate out
R = dDB/dt
 Let the loading dose (D L) equal the amount of drug in the body at steady state:
 at steady state

 In order to maintain instant steady-state level dCp/dt = 0,


 the loading dose should be equal to R/k.
When DL is equal to R/k

For a one-compartment drug


 If the DL and infusion rate are calculated such that C0(initial conc) and
CSS are the same and
 both DL and infusion are started concurrently, then steady state and CSS
will be achieved immediately after the loading dose is administered .
 The curve b shows the blood level after a single loading dose of R/k
plus infusion from which the concentration desired at steady state is
obtained.
If the loading dose given is larger than R/k

C0 and CSS are the same and both DL and infusion are started concurrently

The loading dose is lower than R/k,

Without loading dose


If the DL is not equal to R/k

 If the DL is not equal to R/k, then steady state will not occur
immediately.
 If the loading dose given is larger than R/k, the plasma drug
concentration takes longer to decline to the concentration desired at
steady state (curve a).
 If the loading dose is lower than R/k, the plasma drug
concentrations will increase slowly to desired drug levels (curve c),
but more quickly than without any loading dose.
Another method for the calculation of loading
dose DL
 Another method for the calculation of loading dose DL is based on
knowledge of the desired steady-state drug concentration C SS and
the apparent volume of distribution V D for the drug, as shown in
Equation 5.18.

 For many drugs, the desired CSS is reported in the literature as the
effective therapeutic drug concentration.
Estimation of drug clearance and Vd from infusion data

 The plasma concentration of a drug during constant infusion was


described in terms of volume of distribution and elimination
constant k in Equation 5.2.
 Alternatively, the equation may be described in terms of clearance
by substituting for k into Equation 5.2 with
k = Cl/VD
KVD =Cl
INDEPENDENT PARAMETERS IN ONE
COMPARTMENT MODEL
 The drug concentration in this one compartment model is described
in terms of volume of distribution of VD and total body clearance Cl.
 The independent parameters are
1- clearance and
2- volume of distribution;
Dependent variables in one compartment
model
In this model, the time to reach steady state and the resulting
steady-state concentration will be dependent on both clearance and
volume of distribution.
When a constant volume of distribution is obvious, the time to
reach steady state is then inversely related to clearance.

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