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Frequency and Distribution Graphical and Textual

Frequency distribution is a collection of data sorted into classes and showing the frequency of observations in each class. There are three types: categorical, ungrouped, and grouped. Frequency distribution can be presented textually through paragraphs or graphically through line diagrams, histograms, bar diagrams, pie charts, frequency polygons, and ogives/cumulative frequency graphs. Graphical representation allows trends to be more easily noticed and is suitable for both educated and uneducated audiences.

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greatchelle sumayang
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59 views21 pages

Frequency and Distribution Graphical and Textual

Frequency distribution is a collection of data sorted into classes and showing the frequency of observations in each class. There are three types: categorical, ungrouped, and grouped. Frequency distribution can be presented textually through paragraphs or graphically through line diagrams, histograms, bar diagrams, pie charts, frequency polygons, and ogives/cumulative frequency graphs. Graphical representation allows trends to be more easily noticed and is suitable for both educated and uneducated audiences.

Uploaded by

greatchelle sumayang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

/ GRAPHICAL/ TEXTUAL
by: Greatchelle M.
Sumayang
Frequency
Distribution
• It is a collection of observation produced by sorting them into
classes and showing their frequency ( or numbers) of occurances
in each class.
• There are three basic types of frequency distribution: categorial,
ungrouped, and grouped.
Frequency
Distribution
Frequency
Distribution
Frequency
Distribution
Example The following data give the results of a sample survey.
1 The letters A, B, and C represents the three categories
CHARACTERISTICS OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
• Measures of central tendency and location (mean, median,
mode)
• Measures of dispersion (range, variance, standard
deviation)
• The extent of symmetry/asymmetry (skewness)
• The flatness or peakedness (kurtosis).
Basic Terminologies Associated
with Frequency Tables
• Lower Class Limit- the smallest data value that can be included in the class
• Upper Class Limit- the largest data value that can be included in the class
• Class Boundaries- are used to separate the classes so that there are no gaps in the frequency
distribution.
• Class Marks- the midpoints of the classes.
• Class width- the differences between two consecutive lower class limits.
lower limit + upper limit
2
xm =
• Cumulative Frequency- classes are increasing order, is the sum of the frequency for class and
all previous classes.
GRAPHICAL/TEXTUAL
PRESENTATION OF DATA
TEXTUAL PRESENTATION OF
DATA
• This method comprises presenting data with the help of a paragraph
or a number of paragraphs. The official report of an inquiry
commission is usually made by textual presentation.
• The textual presentation of data is very helpful in presenting
contextual data. It helps the researcher explain and analyze specific
points in data.
TEXTUAL PRESENTATION OF
DATA
• Textual presentation of data
means presenting data in the
form of words, sentences
and paragraphs. The
opposite of textual
presentation is graphical
presentation of data.
Graphical Representation
• An attractive representation of a frequency distribution is graphical
representation.
• Graphical representation can be used for both the educated section
and uneducated section of the society. Furthermore, any hidden trend
present in the given data can be noticed only in this mode of
representation.
Types of graphical representation
:
1. Line diagram
2. Histogram
3. Bar diagram
4. Pie chart
5. Frequency polygon
6. Ogives or Cumulative frequency graphs
Line Diagram
1. Line diagram
also known as a line plot or a line
chart—is a graph that uses lines
to connect individual data points.
A line graph displays quantitative
values over a specified time
interval.
Histogram
2. A histogram is a graph that shows
the frequency of numerical data
using rectangles. The height of a
rectangle (the vertical axis)
represents the distribution frequency
of a variable (the amount, or how
often that variable appears).
Bar diagram/ graph
A bar graph (also known as a bar
chart or bar diagram) is a visual tool
that uses bars to compare data
among categories. A bar graph may
run horizontally or vertically. The
important thing to know is that the
longer the bar, the greater its value.
Pie Chart
Pie charts are used to represent the
proportional data or relative data
in a single chart. The concept of
pie slices is used to show the
percentage of a particular data
from the whole pie.
Frequency polygon
A frequency polygon is a visual
representation of a distribution. The
visualization tool is used to understand
the shape of a distribution. Essentially,
the frequency polygon indicates the
number of occurrences for each distinct
class in the dataset
Ogives or Cumulative frequency
graphs
The Ogive is defined as the frequency
distribution graph of a series. The Ogive is a
graph of a cumulative distribution, which
explains data values on the horizontal plane
axis and either the cumulative relative
frequencies, the cumulative frequencies or
cumulative per cent frequencies on the
vertical axis.

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