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Characters and Strings

Char is a primitive data type used to store single characters. String is a class used to store one or more characters. The length() method returns the number of characters in a String. The charAt() method accesses individual characters in a String by index. Strings can be manipulated using methods like toUpperCase(), toLowerCase(), split(), and substring().

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29 views

Characters and Strings

Char is a primitive data type used to store single characters. String is a class used to store one or more characters. The length() method returns the number of characters in a String. The charAt() method accesses individual characters in a String by index. Strings can be manipulated using methods like toUpperCase(), toLowerCase(), split(), and substring().

Uploaded by

Thaina17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Characters & Strings

Declaring Characters and


Strings
char is a primitive data type much like int, double, etc. It allows
us store single characters, such as letters in java

char myLetter;
myLetter = ‘ ’;
myLetter = ‘w’;

To initialize a character to a blank space with use single quotes.


Declaring Characters and
Strings
String is a class. It is used to store one or more characters.

String myWord;
myWord = “ ”;
myWord = “word”;

To initialize a String to a blank space with use double quotes.


Strings
• Since String is a class there are associated methods that we
can use.
• We have used the equals() method – this allows us compare
two strings and see if they are equal.
Length of String
• You can easily find the length of a string in Java.
• The method length() returns an integer value that can then be printed to
the screen, e.g

String name = “SUMATRA”;


int length = name.length;

The variable name will be set to equal Sumatra, and the variable length
will be set to be equal to the number of characters in the string Sumatra
which is 7

public class StringLength{


public static void main(String args[]){
String message =“Let’s count how many letters are in this string”;
int length = message.length();
System.out.println(“The length of the message is”+length);
}
}
Individual Characters in a
String
• To access the individual characters in a String we use the
charAt() method.
• We do this by using the charAt method.
String name = “Sumatra”;
int size = name.length ();

for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {


System.out.println(name.charAt(i));
}

Using the for loop we print out each character or the String
on a separate line
Individual String Characters

A string can be know as an array of letters.

Using charAt, we are accessing individual
elements

To refer to the first character in the string, we
say
name.charAt(0);

Individual characters are indexed from 0 up to
size-1
Strings and Loops
We need to be careful with our loops, if
size = name.length ();
then we can use either of the following:
for (i=0; i<size; i++) { ... }
for (i=0; i<= size-1; i++) { ... }
UpperCase and LowerCase
• The String class has methods to convert to upper case and lower
case.
• The naming convention is:
• [string name].toUpperCase();
• and
• [string name].toLowerCase();
• For example, if we have a string called lwrCase and we want to
change its contents to upper case, we can use the following code:
• String toUCase = lwrCase.toUpperCase();
• Note that we store the result in a new string called to UCase
Other Useful Methods
• split(<delimiters>) to split a given some delimiter, for example
split a string on spaces or _ (underscores)
• substring(<index>) or substring(<indexStart>, <indexEnd>)
returns part of a string given the indices.
Manipulating Strings
A String is immutable - that is once a String object is created, we
cannot change it.
We can read individual characters but cannot: add, delete or
modify characters.
We use StringBuffer to manipulate strings:
1. Replacing characters
2. Appending a string with another string / character
3. Delete a portion of a string, etc

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