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Electronics Part 1

This document provides an introduction to electronics by discussing key concepts related to electricity. It defines electricity as the flow of electrons and explains how different materials interact with electrons. Conductors are defined as materials that allow electron flow, while insulators stop electron flow. Semiconductors can either conduct or insulate depending on how they are treated. The document gives examples of common conductors like copper and insulators like glass. It also discusses the periodic table and components of atoms. The goal is to establish basic vocabulary needed to understand how electricity works in different elements and molecules.

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101 views23 pages

Electronics Part 1

This document provides an introduction to electronics by discussing key concepts related to electricity. It defines electricity as the flow of electrons and explains how different materials interact with electrons. Conductors are defined as materials that allow electron flow, while insulators stop electron flow. Semiconductors can either conduct or insulate depending on how they are treated. The document gives examples of common conductors like copper and insulators like glass. It also discusses the periodic table and components of atoms. The goal is to establish basic vocabulary needed to understand how electricity works in different elements and molecules.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
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INTRO TO ELECTRONICS

PART 1
Purpose Of Lesson Part 1
1. What is electricity “Scientifically
Speaking”
2. How does it work.
3. How we “talk” about it working?
4. How do different elements &
molecules react to electrons.
VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON
1. PERIODIC TABLE
2. PARTS OF ATOM: PROTON, NEUTRON, &
ELECTRON
3. ELECTRON LEVELS
4. ELECTRON FLOW
5. CONDUCTOR
6. INSULATOR
7. SEMICONDUCTOR
8. SUPERCONDUCTOR
CONDUCTOR
• ANY MATERIAL
THAT CAN
CONDUCT
(CARRY)
ELECTRONS
(ELECTRICITY).
• CAN YOU NAME
SOME?
CONDUCTORS
1. SILVER
2. COPPER
3. GOLD
4. ALUMINUM
5. IRON
6. STEEL
7. BRASS
8. BRONZE
9. MERCURY
10. GRAPHITE
11. DIRTY WATER
12. CONCRETE
13. ETC…
ELECTRONS

• ELECTRONS
• PROTON
• NEUTRON
ELECTRONS FLOWING
DOWN A CONDUCTOR
• ANY MATERIAL THAT CAN
CONDUCT (CARRY/PASS
ELECTRONS.)
ELECTRONS LEVELS

LEVELS
• 1ST = 2
• 2ND = 8
• 3RD = 18
• 4TH = 32
• 5TH = 50
• MORE FULL = MORE STABLE =
LESS CONDUCTIVE
ELECTRONS = PROTONS = NUMBER
• TRADITIONAL VIEW
IN THE
ROUND
ELEMENTS THAT CAN
OR CAN’T CARRY
ELECTRONS
• The outer electron shell
determines a lot about the
atoms properties
• Helium wants two
electrons and has two, so
it is very “happy” “inert”
will not conduct (unless
it’s an isotope, AKA not
“happy”)
• Hydrogen, Lithium, & the
Sodium are “not happy”
they are very reactive &
will conduct electricity.
Size Matters
• The larger the atom, the farther away
from the nucleus the outer electron
shell, and therefor the more readily it
will conduct.
• Copper conducts well, and is used
heavily in electronics and in the walls of
homes
• It corrodes!
• Not, very cheap.
• Silver conducts 10 times better.
• But it also corrodes
• It is not cheap at all $35 an ounce!
• Used in electrical contacts, and some
electronics
Size Matters
• Aluminum is lighter metal used by the
electric company for power lines.
• It doesn’t conduct very well, so it heats
up and gets hot!
• So, not safe for use inside the walls of
a home! Has been banded since
1970’s for use inside a structure.
• 1/3 the power made by the power plant
is lost in transmission to your house!
• It is much cheaper than copper.
• It corrodes. However, the corrosion
layer the oxide layer prevents further
corrosion from occurring. It seals itself!
Size Matters
• Mercury and Gold are heavy
elements that conduct
electricity very easily.
• They are both used heavily in
electronics.
• Gold is 100 times as efficient
as copper, and doesn’t corrode. Lead
• Mercury is a liquid, which can
be useful. But, it is toxic!
• Lead corrodes, it is toxic, but it
is still used in electronics.
Example: Lead acid batteries
are under the hood of most
cars.
ELECTRONS FLOWING
DOWN A CONDUCTOR
• OUTER ELECTRON CAN EASILY JUMP
FROM ATOM TO ATOM
• EASIER = BETTER CONDUCTOR
• HARDER =
POOR
CONDUCTOR
(GOOD HEATING
ELEMENT!)
INSULATOR
• ANY
MATERIAL
THAT STOPS
THE FLOW
OF
ELECTRONS.
INSULATORS
SOME OF THESE MATERIALS
1.AIR
2.GLASS - FIBERGLASS
3.RUBBER
4.PLASTIC
5.CERAMIC - PORCELAIN
6.OIL - ASPHALT
7.NATURAL FIBERS – COTTON,
PAPER, WOODS, & ETC.
8.EVEN ULTRA PURE WATER
9.ETC…
NOTE: There are types and conditions
when basically all types of gasses, glass,
rubber, plastics, ceramics, etc. can be
made conductive!
SEMICONDUCTOR
• We use semiconductors in the
production of most electronic
components. Most of the computer
chips, memory, storage devices,
sensors, and displays used in electronics
are made with semiconductors.
• Silicon is by far the most common.
Germanium and carbon are also very
prevalent materials in electronics.
SEMICONDUCTOR
• SILICON the most
abundant element in the
earth’s crust
• It’s basically GLASS
• It can either conduct or
act as an insulator
depending on how it is
treated!
SUPERCONDUCTORS
• CONDUCT
ELECTRONS
WITHOUT LOSING
ANY!!
• NO HEAT GIVEN
OFF!!!
• ALL THAT WE HAVE
ARE ONES THAT
WORK WHILE VERY
COLD!!!
SUPERCONDUCTORS
• Scientist are looking for a
room temperature
superconductor for years
now with no luck.
• If they find one it will
revolutionize the WORLD
AS WE KNOW IT!!!!
• Superconductors also
exhibit almost magical
properties!
WE HAVE DISCUSSED
1. WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
2. ELECTRON FLOW
3. CONDUCTOR
4. INSULATOR
5. SEMICONDUCTOR
6. SUPERCONDUCTOR
END OF PART 1

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