Digital Signal Processing

Prof. V. N. Bhonge
Dept. of Electronics & Telecomm.
Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engg,
Shegaon – 444203
[email protected]
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
SSGMCE
Shegaon (6ET4 )
UNIT-I :
Discrete time signals and system: Classification of signals, singularity function,
amplitude and phase spectra, simple manipulation, Classification of systems,
representations of systems, analog to digital conversion of signal. (10)

UNIT-II:
Z- transform: mapping of s-plane to Z-plane, Region of Conversion and its
properties, Properties of Z-transform, evaluation of inverse Z-transform using long

division method, PFE method and residue method, difference equation and its
relation with system function, impulse response and frequency response . (9)

UNIT-III:
Discrete and Fast Fourier Transform: Discrete convolution, Discrete Time Fourier
Transforms (DTFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Computing an Inverse DFT by
Doing a Direct DFT. Fast convolution, correlation. (9)
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
UNIT-IV:
SSGMCE Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters: Magnitude and Phase response of digital
Shegaon
filter, Frequency Response of linear phase FIR filter, Design techniques for FIR
filter: Fourier series method, windowing method using Rectangular window,
Half band digital filter. Realization of basic structure FIR system: Direct form,
Cascade, linear phase. (8)

UNIT-V:
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters: IIR filter design by approximation of
derivatives, impulse invariant method, Bilinear transformation method,
Butterworth filter and Chebyshev filter. Realization of basic structure IIR
system: Direct form I, Direct form II, Cascade and parallel. (8)
UNIT-VI:
Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Sampling, Sampling rate conversion, signal
flow graph, filter structure, polyphase decomposition, digital filter design,
multilevel filter bank. Overview and architecture of DSP processor
TMS320C54XX. (8 )

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

SSGMCE
Shegaon
TEXT BOOKS :
1.S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, “Digital Signal Processing”, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS :
1.Oppenheim & Schafer, “Discrete time Processing”, PHI.
2. Proakis & Manolakis D.G., “Digital Signal Processing”, PHI.
3. Mitra S.K., “Digital Signal Processing”, TMH.
4. Roman Kuc, “Digital Signal Processing”, MGH.
5. Ifeacher E.C., Jervis B. W., “Digital Signal Processing”, Addison
Wesley.
6. P. P. Vaidyanathan, “DSP and Multirate Systems”, PHI.

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

SSGMCE
Introduction to DSP’s
Shegaon

• DSP’s process signals

• Signal – a detectable physical quantity or
impulse (as a voltage, current, or
magnetic field strength) by which
messages or information can be
transmitted (Webster Dictionary)

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

• Signal Characteristics:
SSGMCE – Signals are Physical Quantities:
Shegaon – Signals are Measurable
– Signals are Analog
– Signals Contain Information.

• Examples:
– Temperature [oC]
– Pressure [Newtons/m2] or [Pa]
– Mass [kg]
– Speed [m/s]
– Acceleration [m/s2]
– Torque [Newton*m]
– Voltage [Volts]
– Current [Amps]
– Power [Watts]

• In this class, analog signals are electrical.

– Sensors: are devices that convert other physical quantities (temperature,
pressure, etc.) to electrical signals.

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

SSGMCE
Shegaon
• DSP process digital signals:
– Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
• Binary representation of the analog signal

– Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

• Digital representation of the signal is converted to
continuous analog signal.

• Analog  Continuous

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

SSGMCE
ADC
Shegaon
a) Continuous Signal b) Amplitude Quantized Signal

fs

x(t) Analog Sample

Low-pass and
xa(nT)
Filter Hold

Quantizer
x[n] DSP

c) Amplitude & Time Quantized – Digital Signal

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC

Dept. of E & T
SSGMCE DAC
Shegaon

a) Digital Output Signal b) Analog Signal c) Continuous Low-pass filtered Signal

DSP Digital Analog

to Low- y(t)

y[n] Analog ya(nT) pass

Conver Filter
ter

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC

SSGMCE Why Processing Signals?
Shegaon

• Extraction of Information • Generate Feedback Control

– Amplitude Signal
– Phase
– Robotics (ASIMOV)
– Frequency
– Spectral Content – Vehicle Manufacturing
– Process Control
• Transform the Signal
– FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple
Access) • Extraction of Signal in Noise
– TDMA (Time Division Multiple – Filtering
Access)
– CDMA (Code Division Multiple – Autocorrelation
Access) – Convolution
• Compress Data
– ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse • Store Signals in Digital Format
Code Modulation) for Analysis
– CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction) – FFT
– MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
– HDTV (High Definition TV)
– …

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC

SSGMCE
Typical Architecture of a DSP System
Shegaon

Analog Signal Processing

Analog
Analog Signal
Signal
Sensor
Sensor Conditioning
Conditioning

Digital Signal Processing

Digital
DigitalSignal
Signal
ADC
ADC DSP
DSP DAC
DAC
Conditioning
Conditioning

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC

Signal Processing
SSGMCEHumans are the most advanced signal processors
Shegaon speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis,…
We encounter many types of signals in various applications
Electrical signals: voltage, current, magnetic and electric fields,
…
Mechanical signals: velocity, force, displacement,…
Acoustic signals: sound, vibration,…
Other signals: pressure, temperature,…
Most real-world signals are analog
They are continuous in time and amplitude
Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and transducers
Analog circuits process these signals using
Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,…
Analog signal processing examples
Audio processing in FM radios
Video processing in Prof.
traditional TV sets
V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
SSGMCE
Limitations of Analog Signal Processing
Shegaon
• Accuracy limitations due to
– Component tolerances
– Undesired nonlinearities
• Limited repeatability due to
– Tolerances
– Changes in environmental conditions
• Temperature
• Vibration
• Sensitivity to electrical noise
• Limited dynamic range for voltage and currents
• Inflexibility to changes
• Difficulty of implementing certain operations
– Nonlinear operations
– Time-varying operations
• Difficulty of storing information

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

Digital Signal Processing
SSGMCE
Shegaon • Represent signals by a sequence of numbers
– Sampling or analog-to-digital conversions
• Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor
– Digital signal processing
• Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers
– Reconstruction or

digital digital
signal signal
analog analog
signal A/D DSP D/A signal

• Analog input – analog output

– Digital recording of music
• Analog input – digital output
– Touch tone phone dialing
• Digital input – analog output
– Text to speech
• Digital input – digital output
– Compression of a file on computer

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

SSGMCE
DSP is Everywhere
Shegaon
• Sound applications
– Compression, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation,…
– Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,…
• Communication
– Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation,…
– Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,…
• Automotive
– ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,…
• Medical
– Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,…
• Military
– Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, remote sensing,…
• Image and Video Applications
– DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,…
• Mechanical
– Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,…

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T

Digital Telephone Communication System
SSGMCE
Shegaon Example:

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC

SSGMCE
Shegaon

Thank You

Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T