TRIGONOMETRY

GRADE :11
APRIL – MAY
2024
TRIG FUNCTIONS

• Learners must know how to sketch the Trig Graphs within a given interval /domain.

o y = a sin x; y= a cos x; y = a tan x

o Changing period: y = a sin bx ; y = a cos bx ; y = a tan bx

360° 180 °
o Period = , b > 0 and for y = a tan b x , Period = and the critical points
𝑏
𝑏
𝑃
are determined
4

o Vertical translation : y = sin bx + q ; y = cos bx +q ; y = tan bx + q

o Horizontal translation: y = sin (x + p); y= cos (x + p); y = tan (x +

p). .2
TRIG FUNCTIONS

Trigonometric graphs

• The learners must remember that when sketching a horizontally translated graph using a

calculator, the value of p should be used for a step to show the turning points on the

calculator.

• The learners must be able to tell and determine the Amplitude

• (Amplitude =, 𝑀𝑎𝑥−𝑀𝑖𝑛 ) , Period Min, Max, and Asymptote (graph: tan x) for the Trig
2

Graph.
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TRIG FUNCTIONS
Interpretation of Trig Graphs:
• Identifying the type of graph in a given sketch

• Finding the defining equations of the trig function

• Transformations applied in trig graphs and their description in words. i.e. effects of
parameters. (two at a time) (Show a link with algebraic graphs)
• Understanding and correct use of notation. e.g. f(x)>g(x) versus f(x)≥g(x)

• Graphically determine the values of x for which:

o f(x) > 0; f(x). g(x) > 0, f(x). g(x) < 0, x. f(x) < 0, f’(x). f(x) < 0, increase, decrease,
etc.
Note: Learners should note that the skills learnt in other functions will still be
applicable in the Trig functions and are examinable also in in Trig Functions.
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SUGGESTIONS
APPROACH
• When teaching trigonometric graphs, teachers should start first with the ‘Mother’
Graphs:
 y  sin x , y  cosx and y  tan x using point by point plotting and identify
important features of these graphs, then introduce a, p and q as well as their effects
• It is common practice for learners to use calculators to sketch graphs. Hence, they do not
pay attention to certain critical features of these graphs. Although learners are
expected to produce a sketch graph, there is still a high degree of accuracy required
of them.

• When discussing the transformation of trigonometric graphs, learners must be alerted to

how the critical features and characteristics of the basic graph change for each
transformation. In this way, they will be able to visualize the effect of a, p, q and k on
the basic function.
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UNDERSTANDING BASIC SINE & COSINE GRAPHS

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SKETCHING OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
SKETCHING OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
UNDERSTANDING BASIC TAN GRAPH

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SKETCHING OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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UNDERSTANDING BASIC TRIG FUNCTIONS

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Important facts about the three basic functions

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAMPLE

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAMPLE

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAM[PLE

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EXAMPLE

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EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS

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EXAMPLE

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EXERCISES

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Approach to solution

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Actual solution

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ACTIVITY

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LESSON FOCUS : SUNDAY

INTERPRETATION OF TRIG GRAPHS

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TRIG FUNCTIONS : INTERPRETATION OF TRIG GRAPHS
• Identifying the type of graph in a given sketch

• Determining the defining equations of the trig function (emphasis on the effect of
parameters)
• Describe the Transformations applied in trig graphs and their description in words.
i.e. effects of parameters. (two at a time) (Show a link with algebraic graphs)
• Understanding and correct use of notation. e.g. f(x)>g(x) versus f(x)≥g(x)

• Graphically determine the values of x for which:

o f(x) > 0; f(x). g(x) > 0, f(x). g(x) < 0, x. f(x) < 0, f’(x). f(x) < 0, increase, decrease,
etc.
Note: Learners should note that the skills learnt in other functions will still be
applicable in the Trig functions and are examinable also in in Trig Functions.
.46
TRIG FUNCTIONS : INTERPRETATION OF TRIG GRAPHS

• Learners must know how to determine the value of each parameter within a given
interval /domain.
o y = a sin x; y= a cos x; y = a tan x

o Changing period: y = a sin bx ; y = a cos bx ; y = a tan bx

360° 180 °
o Period = , b > 0 and for y = a tan b x , Period = and the critical points
𝑏
𝑏
𝑃
are determined
4

o Vertical translation : y = sin bx + q ; y = cos bx +q ; y = tan bx + q

o Horizontal translation: y = sin (x + p); y= cos (x + p); y = tan (x + p). .119

EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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Trig Functions
1  Write down the equations of the asymptotes of y  f

(x) for x  90;180]

2  Describe the
transformation of the graph of f to h if h(x)  tan(45 
x).
3  The period of g is reduced to 180 and the
amplitude
and y-intercept remain the same. Write down
the equation of the resulting function.
Properties of Trigonometric
Functions
1 The asymptotes of y  f (x) for x  [90°;180 °] a
re:
 x  45 and x  f (x)  tan(x  45 )
135.

h(x)  tan(45  x)

2 h(x)  tan(45  x)   tan(x  45 )   f (x)

Hence h is the reflection of f about the
Properties of Trigonometric Functions cont.

3  The period of y  f ( x) changes to 180 , the

resulting function becomes f (2x) i.e. y 
3sin(2x).
f (x)  3sin(2x) f (x) 
3sin(x)

Period 180
Trig
Functions
The graphs of f (x)  3cos x and g(x)  sin(x  60 ) are sketched below for x 
180;90 ]
f
B

A
g
1
Write down the range of
2 fIf. A(97, 37 ; 0, 38), write down the coordinates

3 of B. Write the period of g(3x).

Write down the value of x for which g (x)  f (x) is
4 a maximum.
Properties of the Sine and Cosine Function
g(x) f (x) a maxwhen x
180
f B

A g
82,63
3 y3
 1  T h e Rang e of f ( x )  3 c o s x is
2  A(97, 37 ; 0, 38)  B(97, 37180 ; 0,
f & g has38)
the same period and the 180   identities for sine
andcosine
 3 Period for g ( x ) sin ( x  60 ) is 360
 Period for
360
g (3 x )  sin(3 x  60
Activities on Trig Functions
The graphs of the functions defined by f x  sin x  30
and
g  x  2 cos x for  90  x  180 are shown in
the diagram. The graphs intersect at points P and Q.

1. Calculate f 0  g 0. 1

2. Calculate the x  coordinates of points P and 7 
Q. 2 
3. For which values of x will f  x   g  x  ?
4. transformation
Graph xfollowing
of f :by hthe
h is obtained  2 f x  60.
Describe the relationship between g and 2 
h.
Difference between two values

1. Calculate f 0 g 0.

1 f 0   g 0 
  sin 30  2 cos
0
 1  2 1  2 1
2 2
Points of intersection
f  g is where 2. Calculate the x coordinates
of points P and Q.
sin x  30  2 cos
sin x cos 30  cos x sin 30  2 cos
x
x

23 21
 sin x  cos x  2 cos x

2 2
 3 sin x   5  cos x
cos x 2
sin x x  5 52   5
tan
 x  180  70.89 180 k; k 33 3
  5 
x  109.11 when k 1  xR  tan 1   70.89
 3
xQP 70.89 when k  0

Comparing and Transforming the graphs

3. For which values of x will f  x   g  x  ?

4. Graph h is obtained by the following
transformation of f : h x  2 f x  60.
Describe the relationship between g andh.
Know that : xP  70.89 and xQ 109.11

 3 f  x  g x if f lies on or above

g.
4 h  x  2 f  x  60
This is when x  xP and x  xQ

 2sin x  30 
or when x 70.89;109.11
60

 2sinof xg in90
 h is a reflection the x axis.
 2 cos x
Thank you