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Speed Control Methods of Induction Motor

Moto

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Pratik Gavale
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520 views

Speed Control Methods of Induction Motor

Moto

Uploaded by

Pratik Gavale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Speed Control Methods Of Induction Motor

What are the different methods of Speed Control of three phase Induction
Motor 06 Marks
A three phase induction motor typically operates at a constant speed,
making its speed control challenging.
Controlling the induction motor speed can lead to reduced efficiency
and a lower electrical power factor.
In the case of induction motors, two speeds are relevant, namely,
synchronous speed and rotor speed.
The synchronous speed is the speed of rotating magnetic flux in the air
gap. It is denoted by NS and is given by,

Where f is the frequency of AC supply, and P is the number of


magnetic poles in the stator winding.
The speed of the rotor in an induction motor is always less than the
synchronous speed and is denoted by NR. The rotor speed of an induction
motor is given by,

Where “s” is the slip. The slip in an induction motor is the difference
between synchronous speed and rotor speed.
In an induction motor, we can control the speed of the motor through
Speed Control Methods of Induction Motor. They both the stator side and the
rotor side.
Some commonly used methods to control the speed of an induction
motor are given below.
From the stator side, the Speed Control Method of 3 Phase Induction
Motor:
1. Voltage control method
2. Frequency control method
3. Stator pole change method
4.V/f control method

From the rotor side, the speed control methods of the induction motor
1.Rotor resistance control method
2.Slip Frequency EMF Injection Method
3.Cascading connection method
Voltage Control:

The speed of an induction motor is influenced by the supply voltage. By adjusting


this voltage, the motor's speed can be controlled to some extent.. Effective for s
mall speed changes but inefficient for larger variations due to increased losses and
reduced torque.
Frequency Control:
Changing the supply frequency adjusts the speed based on the synchronous spee
d formula

This method, often implemented through Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), is


the most efficient and widely used.
Pole Changing:
Altering the number of poles in the motor by reconfiguring winding connections c
hanges the speed.This is useful for applications requiring distinct speed levels.
Changing the number of poles in the motor changes its synchronous speed.
The synchronous speed is given by the formula
V/f control
is a popular method used in Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) to control the spee
d of 3phase induction motors. It's all about maintaining a constant ratio between
voltage and frequency to ensure efficient motor operation.
For example, if you reduce the frequency by half, the voltage is also halved to
keep the V/f ratio consistent.
Rotor Resistance Control
Adding resistance to the rotor circuit in slip ring motors to control speed
Less efficient and not suitable for squirrel cage motors.
Adding external resistance to the rotor circuit increases the overall resistance,
affecting the motor’s speed and torque characteristics.
Slip Control:
Adjusting the slip through methods like rotor resistance or injecting voltage i
nto the rotor circuit. Complex and less common.
Cascade Control:
Cascade control, or cascading connection method, involves using two motors
connected in series to control the speed of a 3-phase induction motor.

The primary motor (called the main motor) and a secondary motor (called th
e auxiliary motor) are mechanically coupled. The auxiliary motor is usually a
wound-rotor induction motor with controllable rotor resistance.

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