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8 views

Micros

Uploaded by

milk song
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY I

MICROSCOPES
INTRODUCTION TO THE MICROSCOPE

■ History
■ Types of Microscope
■ Microscope Parts
■ Using the Microscope
■ Troubleshooting
■ Clean Up
■ Microscope: The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is
called microscopy.
History
■ 1590 –first compound microscope
History

■ 1655 – Robert Hooke used a compound


microscope to observe pores in cork.

 He called them “cells”


History

 1674- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see single-celled organisms in
pool water.
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE

■ Light Microscopes
These are basic microscopes that use light to magnify objects. The different types of light or optical
microscopes are:
• Compound microscope
• Simple microscope
• Dissection or stereo microscope

■ Electron Microscopes
These microscopes use beams of electrons to generate images. The two well-known electron
microscopes are:
• TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) – the electrons transmit or pass through a very thin
specimen.
• SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) – It scans through the surface of the specimen by focusing
the electron beam.
Light Microscope

 1st type of microscope, most widely used

 Can magnify up to 2000x


Ocular Lens
Magnifies; where you look through to the see the
image of your specimen.

Arm
Supports the tube and connects it to the base.

Stage
Is the flat platform where you place your slides.

Base
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Used to fine-tune the focus of your sample.
Body Tube

Revolving Nosepiece
This circular structure is where the different objective lenses are
screwed into. The turret is rotated to change the magnification
power.
Objective Lens
■ Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. The
most common ones are 4X (shortest lens), 10X, 40X and 100X
(longest lens).
Stage Clips
Clips that are attached to the stage and retain the
slide.
Diaphragm
Is a device that can be adjusted to change the intensity and size of the
cone of light reflected from the slide. Light
MICROSCOPE VOCABULARY

■ Magnification: increase of an object’s apparent size

■ Resolution: power to show details clearly

■ Both are needed to see a clear image.


MAGNIFICATION
 Your microscope has 4 magnifications: scanning, low, high and ultra high.
 Each objective will have written the magnification.
 The ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. The total magnification is the ocular x
objective.
1.VOLVOX 4X
2.VOLVOX 10X
3.VOLVOX 40X
1.EUGLENA (4X)
2.EUGLENA (10X)
3.EUGLENA (40X)
1.PARAMECIUM (4X)
2.PARAMECIUM (10X)
3.PARAMECIUM (40X)
USING THE MICROSCOPE

■ General Procedures

1. Make sure all materials are off the tops of desks.

2. Carry the microscope by the base and arm with both hands.

3. Plug your microscope in to the outlet.

4. Clean lenses.
USING THE MICROSCOPE

5. After placing your sample on the stage, secure it with clips.

6.Turn the coarse adjustment knob to raise the body tube.

7. Revolve the nosepiece to set low power objectives (4x).

8. Switch on the light at low intensity and then increase intensity.


USING THE MICROSCOPE
■ Focusing Specimens

1. Always start with the scanning objective.


Use the Coarse Knob to focus and then the fine adjustment knob until clear, image may be small at this
magnification.

2. Once you've focused on Scanning, switch to Low Power.


Use the Coarse Knob to refocus, then fine adjustment until clear.

3. Switch to High Power.. At this point, ONLY use the Fine Adjustment Knob to focus specimens.
TROUBLESHOOTING

1. Image is too dark!

Adjust the diaphragm, make sure your light is on.

2. There's a spot in my viewing field, even when I move the slide the spot stays in the
same place!

Your lens is dirty. Use lens paper, and only lens paper to carefully clean the objective
and ocular lens. The ocular lens can be removed to clean the inside.
TROUBLESHOOTING

3. I can't see anything under high power!

If you can't focus under scanning and then low power, you won't be able to focus
anything under high power. Start at scanning and walk through the steps again.

4. Only half of my viewing field is lit, it looks like there's a half-moon in there!

You probably don't have your objective fully clicked into place..
CLEAN UP

1. Wrap cords and cover microscopes.

2. Check to make sure you didn't leave a slide.

3. Place microscopes in their designated location.

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