Some of the musical genres of the Classical periods remained to flourish in the Romantic Period.

The Romantic
period in music can be well understood by looking into its characteristics, terminologies, musical instruments and
famous composers as given below:

Characteristics:

* Individuality of Style - Every composer has its own uniqueness and trademark.

* Expressive Subjects - The melodic line has a very catchy tune.

* Nationalism - creating music promotes national identity, using folksongs, dances, legends, history of their

homelands and loving one’s country or heritage.

* Exoticism - It is a composition where music draws inspiration from foreign influences.

* Chromatic Harmony - This is the usage of chords not found within a major or minor scale.

* Expressive Range of Dynamics, Pitch, and Tempo - This is the wide-array of dynamics from ffff o ppp, wide-

range of pitches from very low to highest register of tones, and gradual or sudden change of time signature used.
Terminologies:
* Art Song - It is a composition for solo voice and piano.
* Strophic Form - It is the repetition of the same music for every stanza of a poem.
* Through- Composed Form - It is the writing of new music forevery stanza.
* Program Music - It is the instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea scene, or event.
*Piano Instrumental Repertoire - It is the instrumental composition designed for piano.

Musical Instruments:
• It is the same set up of musical instruments used in the Classical Period.

Famous Composers:
* Johannes Brahms - composed several compositions in all forms except opera, known to fulfill the predictions
of Robert Schumann that he will be the most influential composer during his time and his famous work -
Symphony No, 3 in F Major, Op. 90 (1883).
* Frederic Chopin - known as the only composition who has very huge hands, had a hand casted; his
compositions were concentrated only to piano solos and his popular work, Fantasie Impromtu (1834).
• Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky - fused the national and international elements and influences to create his music
with intensive and passionate compositions; his notable work - The Nutcracker (1892).

“Federic Chopin” Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

“Johannes Brahms”
The 20 Century Music (1901-2000) and Beyond- There is not much change of music in the 20th Century
compared to the present. The music during this period is described as an adventure since there is no assumption
on how the tones should relate to one another. Composers create compositions that are not influenced by the
past music. Since the 50s up to the present, each decade represents a trademark of music. There are no strict
rules in making music as long as the masses can relate and appreciate its genres. At present, the composers are
no longer known and given much attention. Instead, the artists who popularize their music are given much
attention. Full sections of symphony orchestral instrumentation are no longer practiced. Digital music is growing
dominantly in this period.

“Guns and Roses”

Music in the 20 Century exhibited its characteristics, terminologies, personalities, and famous composers.

Characteristics:
* Consonance - These are the use of stable chords.
* Dissonance - It is no longer tied down to its former function but has become an entity itself and the chords
are unstable.
* New Chords - The 7ths, 9ths, 11ths, 13ths, and other forms of intervals like the fourths (from DO - FA et al)
* Compound Meters - It's a combination of 2-time signatures and creating new set of meters used in
compositions.
* Changing of clefs and meters from time to time.
* Simple tunes yet unpredictable or catchy tunes, which are easily remembered.
Terminologies:
* Jazz - music rooted in improvisation, characterized by syncopation rhythm, a steady beat and unique tome
color
* Rhythm and Blues - a dance music of African Americans that fused blues, jazz and gospel styles
* Musical - is a type of theatrical performance that fuses script, acting, spoken dialogues with music, singing,
dancing and with the usage of costumes, scenery and spectacle
* Rock Music - a vocal music with a hard, driving beat often featuring electric guitar accompaniment with heavily
amplified sound
* Reggae - a style of music that is originated in Jamaica with strongly accented beat
* Love Song - a lyrical, musical or poetic expression of romantic love
* Electric music- a music that involves electronic processing such as recording and editing and whose
reproduction involves the use of loud speakers
* Digital Music - music that has been recorded in or converted io a digital format
Musical Instruments:
* Saxophone - a member of a brass family a instrument with a single reed mouthpiece, used especially in jazz
and dance music
* Electric guitar - a guitar with a built-innes for or pickups which convert string vibrations into electrical signals
for amplification
* Synthesizer - is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals
* Digital generated sounds - any composition that involves the usage of a computer in recording format that
includes the sounds of musical instruments as well as sound effects
Famous Composers and Personalities
* Claude Debussy - won the Prix de Rome, a piano teacher, and his famous work - Claire de Lune (composed
1890 - published 1905)
* Leonard Bernstein - conductor, pianist, author, lecturer, composer of orchestral works and his notable work -
West Side Story (1957)
* The Beatles - the most famous English band of the 60s and popularized the hit song Hey Jude
* Michael Jackson - the most internationally known artist of all time, multitalented singer and dancer, his one of
the greatest hits - Billie Jean
Claude Debussy Leonard Bernstein The Beatless MichaelJackson
Dying to Death Musical Genres:
1. Soft Music- Soft Music is gentle, which is pleasing to the ears
to listen, smooth and relaxing. Jazz is categorized by a
syncopated rhythm, a steady beat, and unique tone colors as
well as the presence of performance technique.
2. Hard Music- In contrast with the soft music, hard music is
harsh and loud. Rock is a vocal music with a hard, driving beat,
often featuring electric guitar as companiment with heavily
amplified sound. Hard Rock is a sub-genre of rock music
typically with heavy aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars,
Keyboard, and drums.
Dying Musical Genres includes:

*Rock *Funk
*Jazz *Swing Music
*Musical Theater *Progressive Rock
*Folk Music *Hard Rock
*Heavy Metal *Death Metal
*Country Music *Blue Grass Music
*Opera
The Philippine Traditional Indigenous Music- Even though there are
similarities, our ancestors made our music and musical instruments
distinct from our Asian neighbors. Every region in the country
contributes a unique musical piece that we claim our own music. This
unique and creative tribal music is accompanied with tribal musical
instruments. Every occasion in the tribe is celebrated with a
corresponding music. Lullaby and songs for courtship, bravery,
birthday and wedding remain peculiar in every tribal community. Every
tribal song varies from one tribal community to another in title and in
purpose.
Classifications of Tribal Musical Instruments:

Idiophones:
*Buktot is made of a coconut shell with a piece of wood as fingerboard
to hold the strings.
*Kudyapi is a 2-stringed boat lute with horse hair.
*Bamboo Biolin is a 3-stringed violin of the Aeta people.
*Kolitong is a bamboo zither.
Classifications of Tribal Musical Instruments:

Aerophones:
*Bansik is a bamboo flute with 3 holes from the Negrito of Zambales.
*Ulali is a flute with 6 holes Palensag is a lip valley flute of Kalinga.
*Tongali is a nose flute of Kalinga.
*Suling is a vertical flute.
*Tambuli is made from horn of an animal.
*Sahunay is a bamboo flu with a cone-shaped bell.
Classifications of Tribal Musical Instruments:

Membranophones:
*Dabakan is an hour-glass shaped drum.
*Gansa is a hand-heldgong.
*Bunkaka is made of bamboo with slit that produces a buzzing sound.
*Kulintang is a set of 8 embossed gongs placed within a wooden frame.
*Agong is a large gong placed hanging within its frame.
*Kubing is a piece of thin bamboo with a slit at the center.
Original Pinoy Music (OPM)-
This unit talks about the origin of our own music- the Original Pilipino
Music or otherwise popularly known as the Original Pinoy Music
(OPM). We begin with the brief history and touch the current scenario
of the OPM.
The Eraserheads Moira Dela Torre
Regine Velazquez
Brief History:
Filipinos, influenced by Western colonizers, developed their music
through word of mouth. In the 1920s, artists like Atang Dela Rama,
Jovita Fuentes, and Sylvia La Torre introduced Filipino music through
serenade and ballad performances. American Rock and Roll music, like
"The Beatles," captivated the masses. The Juan dela Cruz Band and
Jerks contributed to the music industry, incorporating political themes
and raising awareness.
Brief History:
Filipinos have been captivated by the rise of rock music in the 70s and
80s, with notable artists like Sharon Cuneta, Nora Aunor, Gary
Valenciano, and Martin Nievera dominating the scene. The 90s saw the
rise of underground rock, dance music, love songs, R&B, and rap music,
boosting the economy. The 2003 airing of Meteor Garden further
fueled Filipinos' addiction to Taiwanese pop music.
OPM Today and Onwards:
Towards the end of this era up to the present, as well as tire
international popularity of Korean pop or K-pop and the continued
patronage of K-drama in local televisions, Filipinos are hooked up with
their music. But OPM does not stop to be heard. The music of Sarah
Geronimo, Gloc-9, December Avenue, and etc. top the hit cards from
time to time along with Korean pops.
Through the medium of intenet websites like Spotify, YouTube, blogs of
artists, fans' social media and the like, OPM really soared high not just
here in our country but all-over the world. There are some OPM artists
that invaded as well a captivated the international audience. To name a
few, these are Charice Pempengco (Jake Cyrus), Marcelito Pomoy, and
Morisette Amon. Their popularized captured millions of international
fans. They started to open opportunities for the OPM music to be
heard world-wide. There are foreign individuals who did their cover
songs of these OPM artists. May this hopefully continue to prosper.
Movement in Music:
Movement is a terminology that refers to a self-contained part of a
musical composition or musical form. It refers to an individual or a
selected part or portion from a composition and sometimes performed
separately. Performance of the complete work requires all the
movements to be performed in succession.
Brief History: The Baroque Period saw the rise of music movements,
with famous composers like Bach and Vivaldi using simple melodies and
limited violin players. In the Classical period, composers like Haydn,
Mozart, and Beethoven utilized movement, each with unique
characteristics. In the Romantic period, movements became more
prominent, with composers like Mendelssohn, Berlioz, and Brahms
creating masterful movements with passion and dynamic elements.
Each composer has their unique style and movement patterns.
Translating Sounds into Movements as New Art Form:
Sounds are vibrations that travel through the air or from a device and
can be heard through a person's or animal's auditory system.
Texture in Music:
The term texture is defined as the horizontal and vertical relationship of
a musical material. In other words, it is the overall quality of the musical
piece. This element determines the balance of the music within the
orchestration of the composition.
Kinds of texture:
*Monophony
*Partner song
*Round song
*Homophony
*Heterophony
*Polyphony
Dance:
Music is always associated with the performing arts like theater and
dance. This involves choreography of both actions with the company of
music. Dance is a non-verbal communication at that uses primarily body
movements with the use of music. Dance is a medium of expression,
social interaction, and presentation in a spiritual or performative
setting. A dance competition is an organized event in which dance
contestants execute dance performance before a judge for awards and
cash prizes
Brief History:
From the earliest time of human history, dance was already used for
rituals, spiritual gatherings, festivities and other social events. Dance
can be traced back to the 3rd millennium in Egypt, where they use it as
part of the Egyptians' religious ceremonies. Transition of dance
costumes, from sophisticated full body to seductive less body cover
were already practiced. The 20th century dance involved the use of
technology from digital music on stage performances.
The three classifications of dance depending on a specific genre. Solo
dances are performed by only one dancer, just like an interpretative
dance in a ballet. Partner dances require two dancers to pair in the
dance presentation. This is typical among ball dances like rumba, tango,
waltz, paso doble, foxtrot, quickstep, cabaret, tango, cha-cha, samba,
salsa, swing and jive. The group dance requires more than two dancers
in the dance presentation. Folk dance, festival dance, line dance, round
dance, square dance and country dances are few of the examples of a
group dance.
Kinds of Dances:
Dance is classified into two; the competitive dances and the dance-
spots. Selected photographs show the different dance genres under
each kind of dances. Competitive dance includes ballet, jazz and hip-
hop. Dance-sport is classified into three: the international standard,
international Latin and the open competition.
Dancesport:
*International Standard - includes Waltz, Tango, Viennese Waltz,
Foxtrot and Quickstep
*International Latin - includes Samba, Cha-cha-cha, Rumba, Paso Doble
and Jive
Occupations:
*Dancer
*Dance Teacher/Instructor
*Dancesport Coach
*Dance Therapist
*Choreographer
*Zumba Dance Instructor
*Aqua Zumba Dance Instructor
*Festival Dancer
Health Benefits:
• Burn Calories
• Strong Bones
• Cardiovascular Conditioning
• Sociability