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Prototype Model

The Prototyping Model is a development process that creates a working replica of a product to gather customer feedback and refine requirements. It involves several phases including requirement gathering, quick design, prototype building, user evaluation, and implementation. There are four types of prototyping models: Rapid Throwaway, Evolutionary, Incremental, and Extreme, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, making it suitable for projects with unclear or rapidly changing requirements.

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6 views13 pages

Prototype Model

The Prototyping Model is a development process that creates a working replica of a product to gather customer feedback and refine requirements. It involves several phases including requirement gathering, quick design, prototype building, user evaluation, and implementation. There are four types of prototyping models: Rapid Throwaway, Evolutionary, Incremental, and Extreme, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, making it suitable for projects with unclear or rapidly changing requirements.

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garvitras2055
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Introduction of Prototyping Model

 Introduction :Prototyping is defined as the process of developing a working


replication of a product or system that has to be engineered. It offers a
small-scale facsimile of the end product and is used for obtaining customer
feedback. The Prototyping concept is described below:
 This model is used when the customers do not know the exact project
requirements beforehand. In this model, a prototype of the end product is
first developed, tested, and refined as per customer feedback repeatedly till
a final acceptable prototype is achieved which forms the basis for developing
the final product.
Introduction of Prototyping Model

 In this process model, the system is partially implemented


before or during the analysis phase thereby giving the
customers an opportunity to see the product early in the life
cycle. The process starts by interviewing the customers and
developing the incomplete high-level paper model.
 This document is used to build the initial prototype
supporting only the basic functionality as desired by the
customer. Once the customer figures out the problems, the
prototype is further refined to eliminate them. The process
continues until the user approves the prototype and finds the
working model to be satisfactory.
Phases of Prototyping
Phases of Prototyping
1. Requirement Gathering and Analysis: This is the initial step in
designing a prototype model. In this phase, users are asked about
what they expect or what they want from the system.
2.Quick Design: This is the second step in Prototyping Model. This
model covers the basic design of the requirement through which a
quick overview can be easily described.
3.Build a Prototype: This step helps in building an actual prototype
from the knowledge gained from prototype design.
4. Initial User Evaluation: This step describes the preliminary
testing where the investigation of the performance model occurs, as
the customer will tell the strength and weaknesses of the design,
which was sent to the developer.
Phases of Prototyping

5. Refining Prototype: If any feedback is given by


the user, then improving the client’s response to
feedback and suggestions, the final system is
approved.
6. Implement Product and Maintain: This is the
final step in the phase of the Prototyping Model where
the final system is tested and distributed to
production, here program is run regularly to prevent
failures.
Types of Prototyping Model
 Types of Prototyping Models
 There are four types of Prototyping Models, which are
described below.
 Rapid Throwaway Prototyping
 Evolutionary Prototyping
 Incremental Prototyping
 Extreme Prototyping
Types of Prototyping Model
1. Rapid Throwaway Prototyping
This technique offers a useful method of exploring ideas and getting
customer feedback for each of them. In this method, a developed
prototype need not necessarily be a part of the ultimately accepted
prototype. Customer feedback helps in preventing unnecessary
design faults and hence, the final prototype developed is of better
quality.
2. Evolutionary Prototyping
In this method, the prototype developed initially is incrementally
refined on the basis of customer feedback till it finally gets
accepted. In comparison to Rapid Throwaway Prototyping, it offers a
better approach that saves time as well as effort. This is because
developing a prototype from scratch for every iteration of the
process can sometimes be very frustrating for the developers.
Types of Prototyping Model
3. Incremental Prototyping
 In this type of incremental Prototyping, the final expected product is
broken into different small pieces of prototypes and developed individually.
In the end, when all individual pieces are properly developed, then the
different prototypes are collectively merged into a single final product in
their predefined order.
 It’s a very efficient approach that reduces the complexity of the
development process, where the goal is divided into sub-parts and each
sub-part is developed individually. The time interval between the project’s
beginning and final delivery is substantially reduced because all parts of
the system are prototyped and tested simultaneously. Of course, there
might be the possibility that the pieces just do not fit together due to some
lack of ness in the development phase – this can only be fixed by careful
and complete plotting of the entire system before prototyping starts.
Types of Prototyping Model

4. Extreme Prototyping
 This method is mainly used for web development. It
consists of three sequential independent phases:
 In this phase, a basic prototype with all the existing
static pages is presented in HTML format.
 In the 2nd phase, Functional screens are made with a
simulated data process using a prototype services
layer.
 This is the final step where all the services are
implemented and associated with the final prototype.
Advantages of Prototyping Model
 The customers get to see the partial product early in the life cycle.
This ensures a greater level of customer satisfaction and comfort.
 New requirements can be easily accommodated as there is scope
for refinement.
 Missing functionalities can be easily figured out.
 Errors can be detected much earlier thereby saving a lot of effort
and cost, besides enhancing the quality of the software.
 The developed prototype can be reused by the developer for more
complicated projects in the future.
 Flexibility in design.
 Early feedback from customers and stakeholders can help guide
the development process and ensure that the final product meets
their needs and expectations.
Disadvantages of Prototyping Model
 Costly with respect to time as well as money.
 There may be too much variation in requirements each time the prototype is
evaluated by the customer.
 Poor Documentation due to continuously changing customer requirements.
 It is very difficult for developers to accommodate all the changes demanded by
the customer.
 There is uncertainty in determining the number of iterations that would be
required before the prototype is finally accepted by the customer.
 After seeing an early prototype, the customers sometimes demand the actual
product to be delivered soon.
 Developers in a hurry to build prototypes may end up with sub-optimal solutions.
 .
 The prototype may not be scalable to meet the future needs of the customer.
Applications of Prototyping Model

 The Prototyping Model should be used when the


requirements of the product are not clearly understood or
are unstable.
 The prototyping model can also be used if requirements
are changing quickly.
 This model can be successfully used for developing user
interfaces, high-technology software-intensive systems,
and systems with complex algorithms and interfaces.
 The prototyping Model is also a very good choice to
demonstrate the technical feasibility of the product.

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