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0 views17 pages

Revision on Function

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nahit533
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Function and Array

Revision
Function
 A function is a group of statements that together
perform a task.

 Every C++ program has at least one function,


which is main(), and all the most trivial programs can
define additional functions.

 A function declaration tells the compiler about a


function's name, return type, and parameters.

 A function definition provides the actual body of the


function
Create a Function  myFunction() is
 Syntax the name of the
void myFunction() function
 void means that
{
the function does
// code to be executed
not have a return
} value.
 Inside the function
(the body), any
code that defines
what the function
should do.
Call a Function
 Declared functions are not executed
immediately.

 They are "saved for later use", and will


be executed later, when they are called.

 To call a function, write the function's


name followed by two parentheses () and a
semicolon ;
Example1
void myFunction() { // Create a function
cout << "I just got executed!";
}

int main() {
myFunction(); // call the function
return 0;
}
Example2
A function can be called multiple times:
void myFunction() {
cout << "I just got executed!\n";
}
int main() {
myFunction();
myFunction();
myFunction();
return 0;
}
Function Cont.…..

 Ifa user-defined function, such as


myFunction() is declared after the main()
function, an error will occur:

A function declaration must be above


main(), and function definition must be
below main().
Example 3

int main() {
myFunction();
return 0;
}
void myFunction() {
cout << "I just got executed!";
}
Parameters and Arguments
 Information
can be passed to functions
as a parameter.

 Parameters act as variables inside the


function.

 Parametersare specified after the


function name, inside the parentheses.
Example 4
#include <iostream>
#include <string> When a parameter is
using namespace std; passed to the function,
void myFunction(string Lname) { it is called an
cout << Lname << " Abebe\n";
argument.
Parameter – Lname
}
Arguments - Lemma,
int main() { Haile and Nahom
myFunction(“Lemma");
myFunction(“Haile");
myFunction(“Nahom");
return 0;
}
Default Parameters
 Default parameter value can be used with
equals sign (=).
 Ifwe call the function without an
argument, it uses the default value

A parameter with a default value, is often


known as an "optional parameter".
Example 5
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void myFunction(string country = “Ethiopia") {
cout << country << "\n";
 Optional parameter –
}
country
int main() {  Default value - Ethiopia.
myFunction(“China"); //Outputs
myFunction("India"); China
myFunction(); India
Ethiopia
return 0;
}
Multiple Parameters
Example6
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void myFunction(string Lname, int age) {
cout << Lname << " Abebe. " << age << " years old. \n";
}
int main() {
myFunction(“Nahom", 3);
myFunction(“Jeri", 14); Outputs
myFunction(“Haile", 30); // Nahom Abebe. 3 years old.
return 0; // Jeri Abebe. 14 years old.
// Haile Abebe. 30 years old.
}
Keywords
 Thevoid keyword, indicates that the function
should not return a value.

 Toreturn a value in a given function, we can


use a data type (such as int, string, etc.)
instead of void, and use the return keyword
inside the function:
Example- 6
int myFunction(int x) {int myFunction(int x, int y)
return 5 + x; {
} return x + y;
}
int main() { int main() {
cout << myFunction(3); int z = myFunction(5, 3);
return 0; cout << z;
return 0;
}
}

// Outputs 8 (5 + 3)
Function Overloading
 With function overloading, multiple
functions can have the same name with
different parameters:

 Multiplefunctions can have the same name


as long as the number and/or type of
parameters are different.
Example - 8
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;
int plusFuncInt(int x, int y) { int plusFunc(int x, int y) {
return x + y; return x + y;
} }
double plusFuncDouble(double x, double plusFunc(double x, double y) {
double y) { return x + y;
return x + y; }
} int main() {
int main() { int myNum1 = plusFunc(8, 5);
int myNum1 = plusFuncInt(8, 5); double myNum2 = plusFunc(4.3,
double myNum2 = 6.26);
plusFuncDouble(4.3, 6.26);
cout << "Int: " << myNum1 << "\n";
cout << "Int: " << myNum1 << "\n";
cout << "Double: " << myNum2;
cout << "Double: " << myNum2;
return 0;
return 0;

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