COLLEGE OF HEALTH, YAMFO

B.Sc. Health Information

Management
Level 200
BHI 292
Health Data Management
By: Nyinaku Elorm Kwame
Opening Prayer
Welcome Message

• Life can sometimes be tough, but so you are.

Nɔvinye wo
Miawoe Zɔ
Introduction to Health
Data & Information &
Systems
Objectives
• At the end of the lesson the students would be able to;
• Differentiate between Data and Information
• Differentiate between Health Data and Health
Information
• Define Health information Management,
• Define Health information Management System
• Identify sources of health data and it’s challenges
• Understand the principles and challenges of health
information systems
Introduction
• The health sector just like other sectors thrive
on data.
• Data is define as raw facts which are
meaningless.
• These data when processed to bring out is
meaning is said to an information
Introduction
• Information by itself is only of use if it is:
• the right information (fit for the purpose)
• at the right time
• in the right format
• at the right price.
Health Data
• Health Data are items of knowledge about an
individual client or groups of client or
households/communities.
• This data is captured about clients during the
health delivery process.
• The data includes relevant finding relating to
the client’s condition, diagnosis, treatment and
other related events.
Sources of Health Data
• What are some sources of Health Data?
• Registers
• Patients
• DHIMS
• Online databases
• etc
Challenges of Health Data

• Incomplete Information
• Lack of Diagnosis: Some clinicians fail to
write the diagnosis for patients, this creates
room for unskilled personnel to insert it on
their behalf in order to complete the report.

• A diagnosis can only be determined at the end

of each health episode.
Challenges of Health Data

• NB: Some useful definitions

• Morbidity: Illness, injury and reasons for contact
with health services including screening and
preventable care
• Main condition: this the condition that a patients
presents at the health facility
• Other condition : This are the conditions, which
co-exist or develop during the episode of healthcare
and affect the management of the patient
Challenges of Health Data

• Cause of Death: A cause of death is defined

as all the diseases, morbid conditions or
injuries that either resulted in or contributed to
the death and the circumstances of the accident
or violence that produced any such injuries.
Some of these entries made on the Medical
Certificate of cause of death cannot be
accepted and are discarded
Challenges of Health Data

• Ineligible hand writing:

• Late submissions of return forms.
• Incorrect data
• Missing data
• Poor documentations
• Use of non standard abbreviations
• Inconsistent data
• Low level of information Utilization
Health Information
• Health Information is health data that have
been organise into a meaningful format.
• It can also refer to organised data collected
about individual or aggregated information
about clients who have benefitted from a
specific health service.
Systems
• A System is an interrelated set of
components, with identifiable boundary,
working together for a specific purpose
• The set of components can also be referred to
as Subsystems or elements
• There are 5 components of a system and 9
characteristics
Systems Characteristics

1. A Component
an irreducible part or aggregation of
parts that make up a system, also called a
subsystem (Hardware, Software, Data,
Methods, and Skilled Personnel)
2. Interrelated components
Dependence of one subsystem on one
or more subsystems
Systems Characteristics
3. Boundary
• The line that marks the inside and outside
of a system and that sets off the system
from its environment
4. Purpose
• The overall goal or function of a system
5. Environment
• Everything external to a system that
interacts with the system
Systems Characteristics
6. Interface
• Point of contact where a system meets its
environment or where subsystems meet each
other.
7. Constraint
• A limit to what a system can accomplish
8. Input
• Whatever a system takes from its
environment in order to fulfill its purpose
Systems Characteristics

9. Output
• Whatever a system returns to its
environment in order to fulfill its
purpose
Types of Systems
• Open system
• A system that interacts freely with its
environment, taking input and returning
output
• Closed system
• A system that is cut off from its
environment and does not interact with it
Information System

• An information system is the use of computer

hardware and software to process data into
information for operation, management and
decision making
• Information management encompasses:
• People, process, technology and content
Principles of Information
Management

1.recognise (and manage) complexity

2.focus on adoption
3.deliver tangible & visible benefits
4.prioritise according to business needs
5.take a journey of a thousand steps
Principles of Information
Management

6. provide strong leadership

7. mitigate risks
8. communicate extensively
9. strive for a seamless digital employee
experience
10. choose the first project very carefully
Challenges of Information
Management

• large number of disparate information management

systems
• little integration or coordination between
information systems
• range of legacy systems requiring upgrading or
replacement
• direct competition between information management
systems
• no clear strategic direction for the overall technology
environment
Challenges of Information
Management

• limited and patchy adoption of existing information

systems by staff
• poor quality of information, including lack of
consistency, duplication , and out-of-date information
• little recognition and support of information
management by senior management
• limited resources for deploying, managing or
improving information systems
• lack of enterprise-wide definitions for information
types and values
Challenges of Information
Management

• large number of diverse business needs and

issues to be addressed
• lack of clarity around broader organisational
strategies and directions
• difficulties in changing working practices and
processes of staff
• internal politics impacting on the ability to
coordinate activities ent erprise-wide
Health Information System

• A health information system is an integrated

effort to collect, process, report and use health
information and knowledge to influence
policy-making, programme action and
research
Health Information System

• A health information system a can also be

defined as a set of interrelated components
working together to gather, retrieve, process,
store and disseminate information to support
the activities of health system planning,
control, coordination and decision-making,
both in management and service delivery
Health Information System
Management Information
Systems

• Management Information Systems is

defined as a system to convert data internal or
external sources into information,
communicate that information in an
appropriate form to managers at all levels and
functions to enable them to make timely and
effective decisions for planning, directing and
controlling the activities for which they are
responsible.
Health Management
Information Systems

• Health Management Information Systems

are systems of documentation, analyses and
use to improve the quality, continuity of care
and coverage of health care services at all
levels.
Why Countries Adopt Health
Infor. Systems

• To apply performance-based resource allocation

• To understand and influence how the health care
service delivery operates: access, coverage, quality
• To fulfill donor requirements
• To access development money
• To monitor progress towards major international
goals
Why Countries Adopt Health
Infor. Systems

• To build and maintain efficient health care

services
• To respond to public calls for
transparency/accountability
Benefits of Health Information
Systems
• According to the World Health organization,
investing Health Information Systems comes
with a lot of benefits such as;
• Helping decision makers to detect and control
emerging and endemic health problems,
monitor progress towards health goals, and
promote equity;
• Empowering individuals and communities
with timely and understandable health-related
information, and drive improvements in
quality of services
Benefits of Health Information
Systems

• Strengthening the evidence base for effective

health policies, permitting evaluation of scale-up
efforts, and enabling innovation through research;
• Improving governance, mobilising new resources,
and ensuring accountability in the way they are
used.
Impacts of Health Information
Systems

• Population health management: Health

information systems can aggregate patient
data, analyze it and identify trends in
populations.
– Clinical decision support systems can use
big data to help diagnose individual patients
and treat them.
Impacts of Health Information
Systems

• Benefits for the community: Enhanced

community awareness will trigger an increase
in the quality of health care, resulting in
increased patient satisfaction.
– This will in turn promote the appropriate
use of the health services, which will be
catering to the precise needs and aspirations
of the community.
Impacts of Health Information
Systems

• Benefits for policy-makers/local government:

could provide a model for decision-making, where
the effective use of quality indicators is often
limited.
• Collaborative care: Patients often need to
treatments from different healthcare providers.
– Health information systems — such as health
information exchanges (HIEs) — allow
healthcare facilities to access common health
records.
Impacts of Health Information
Systems

• Cost control: Using digital networks to exchange

healthcare data creates efficiencies and cost
savings.
– When regional markets use health information
exchanges to share data, healthcare providers
see reduced costs. On a smaller scale, hospitals
aim for the same efficiencies with electronic
health records.
Impacts of Health Information
Systems

• Data analytics: The healthcare industry

constantly produces data.
– Health information systems help gather,
compile and analyze health data to help
manage population health and reduce
healthcare costs. Then the healthcare data
analysis can improve patient care.
Any Questions or
Comments?
Recap
Closing Prayer
AKPE NAMI
MÍAGADO GO