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Frequency Distribution

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5 views

Frequency Distribution

Uploaded by

481SCON Priyanka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATISTICS

FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
INTRODUCTION

 Frequency distribution groups the data for summarisation. It is a


tabulation of the values that one or more variables taken in a sample. A
set of contiguous non overlapping intervals referred to class intervals
are made to group the data. In this way the table summarises the
distribution of values in the sample
DEFINITION

 A frequency distribution is an orderly arrangement of data classified


according to the size of the observations
 A frequency distribution is a table that organised data into classes or
intervals along with the number of values that fall in each class
(frequency f)
COMPONENTS OF
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Class Interval
 A large number of observations varying in a wide range are usually
classified in several groups according to the size of their values. Each
of these groups is defined by an interval called class interval. The class
interval between 10 and 20 is defined as 10 - 20
COMPONENTS OF
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Lower class limit


 These are the smallest numbers that can actually belongs to different
classes.
Upper class limit
 These are the largest numbers that can actually belongs to different
classes
COMPONENTS OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Class midpoint
 A Point that divides a class into 2 equal parts. This is the average of the
upper and lower class limit
lower class limit + upper class limit
2
Class frequency
 The number of observations in each class
FORMS OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

Courses taken Frequency(f)


1 25
 Ungrouped frequency 2 38
distribution- For each data sets 3 217
with few different values each
4 1462
value is in its own class
5 932
6 15
FORMS OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Age of voters Frequency(f)

 Grouped frequency
18-30 202
distribution- For data sets 31-42 508
with many different values 43-54 620
which are grouped together in 55-66 413
the classes
67-78 158
78-90 32
TYPES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Relative frequency distribution
 The relative frequency is the fraction or proportion of the total number of
items belonging to the class
 It is obtained by dividing the frequency of each class by the total number
of observations
R.F = f .
Σf
TYPES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

Class Frequency Relative


 Find out the relative Interval (f) frequency
frequency distribution for 1-10 2 2/13=0.153
the following data 11-20 4 4/13=0.307
 5,15,7,38,14,13,22,33,24,34, 21-30 3 3/13=0.230
36,27 31-40 4 4/13=0.307
Total Σf=13 R.f=0.997
TYPES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

Cumulative frequency distribution


 The Cumulative frequency for specific value in a frequency table is the
sum of the frequency for all values at or below the given value
TYPES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Class Frequency Cumulative
Interval (f) frequency
 Find out the relative 1-10 2 0+2=2
frequency distribution for the 11-20 4 2+4=6
following data 21-30 3 6+3=9
 5,15,7,38,14,13,22,33,24,34, 31-40 4 9+4=13
36,27 Total Σf=13 C.F=13
STEPS IN PREPARING A FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE

 Arrange data into an array


 Decide on the number of classes k
 Calculate the class interval
 Prepare a Tally sheet
ARRANGE DATA INTO AN ARRAY
 The first step in organising the data 20 32 35 38 42
22 32 36 38 43
is to arrange them in an array, so
25 32 36 38 44
that we can observe the data in a
26 32 36 38 44
more meaningful and systematic 26 32 36 39 45
manner. Notice that data can be 30 33 36 39 47
arranged from lowest to highest 30 33 37 40 48
values (ascending order) or from 31 33 37 40 49
highest to lowest values 31 35 37 41 51
(descending order) 32 35 37 42 54
DECIDE ON THE NUMBER OF
CLASSES
 Before constructing the classes
we need to decide on the number Struge’s rule can be used to find the number
of classes. As a General guide the of classes
recommended class number K=1+3.3(log n)
should be between 5 and 20 Where K= No.of.Classes
however the class number cannot n=No.of.classes in the data sheet
be less than 5 or more than 20. K=1+3.3(log 50)
Another guideline that can be =1+3.3(1.69897)
used in deciding the number of =1+5.607
classes is to use the struge’s rule =6.607
CALCULATE THE CLASS
INTERVAL
 C.I= Highest Value – Lowest Value Based on the class interval of 5,
K the following 7 classes are
formed
C.I = 54 – 20
1. 20-24
7
2. 25-29
= 34
3. 30-34
7 4. 35-39
= 4.857 5. 40-44
=5 6. 45-49
7. 50-54
PREPARE A TALLY SHEET
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF
A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Frequency histogram
 The frequency histogram is a bar
graph that represents the
frequency distribution of a data
sheet.
 The horizontal scale is
quantitative and measures the
data values.
 The vertical scale measures the
frequency of the classes
 consecutive Bars must touch
FREQUENCY POLYGON

 Frequency polygon consists of line


segments connecting the points
formed by the class midpoint and the
class frequency
10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80-
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
4 6 8 10 12 14 7 5
ADVANTAGES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

 Condense in summarise large amount of data in useful format


 dDescribe all variable type
 Facilititate graphical presentation of data
 Permit cautious comparison of data sets
CONCLUSION

 Frequency distribution groups the data for summarisation. It is a


tabulation of the values that one or more variables taken in a sample.
THEORY APPLICATION

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