Jump to content

LaTeX

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"LATEX" redirects here. For the polymer, see Latex. For other uses, see Latex (disambiguation).
LaTeX
Original author(s)Leslie Lamport
Initial release1984; 41 years ago (1984)
Stable release
November 2024 LaTeX release[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 1 November 2024; 6 months ago (1 November 2024)
Repository
TypeTypesetting
LicenseLaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
Websitewww.latex-project.org

LaTeX (/ˈlɑːtɛk/ ⓘ LAH-tek or /ˈleɪtɛk/ LAY-tek,[2][Note 1] often stylized as LaTeX) is a software system for typesetting documents.[3] LaTeX markup describes the content and layout of the document, as opposed to the formatted text found in WYSIWYG word processors like Google Docs, LibreOffice Writer, and Microsoft Word. The writer uses markup tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document, to stylize text throughout a document (such as bold and italics), and to add citations and cross-references. A TeX distribution such as TeX Live or MiKTeX is used to produce an output file (such as PDF or DVI) suitable for printing or digital distribution.

LaTeX is widely used in academia for the communication and publication of scientific documents and technical note-taking in many fields, owing partially to its support for complex mathematical notation.[4][5] It also has a prominent role in the preparation and publication of books and articles that contain complex multilingual materials, such as Arabic and Greek.[6] LaTeX uses the TeX typesetting program for formatting its output, and is itself written in the TeX macro language.

LaTeX can be used as a standalone document preparation system or as an intermediate format. In the latter role, for example, it is sometimes used as part of a pipeline for translating DocBook and other XML-based formats for PDF. The typesetting system offers programmable desktop publishing features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and cross-referencing of tables and figures, chapter and section headings, graphics, page layout, indexing and bibliographies.

Like TeX, LaTeX started as a writing tool for mathematicians and computer scientists, but even from early in its development, it has also been taken up by scholars who needed to write documents that include complex math expressions or non-Latin scripts,[7][8] such as Arabic, Devanagari, and Chinese.[9]

LaTeX is intended to provide a high-level, descriptive markup language to utilize TeX more easily. TeX handles the document layout, while LaTeX handles the content side for document processing. LaTeX comprises a collection of TeX macros and a program to process LaTeX documents, and because the plain TeX formatting commands are elementary, it provides authors with ready-made commands for formatting and layout requirements such as chapter headings, footnotes, cross-references and bibliographies.

LaTeX was originally written in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport at SRI International.[10] The current version is LaTeX2e, first released in 1994 but incrementally updated starting in 2015. This update policy replaced earlier plans for a separate release of LaTeX3, which had been in development since 1989.[11] LaTeX is free software and is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL).[12]

History

[edit]

LaTeX was created in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport when he was working at Stanford Research Institute (SRI). He needed to write TeX macros for his own use and thought that with a little extra effort, he could make a general package usable by others. Peter Gordon, an editor at Addison-Wesley, convinced him to write a LaTeX user's manual for publication (Lamport was initially skeptical that anyone would pay money for it);[13] it came out in 1986[3] and sold hundreds of thousands of copies.[13] Meanwhile, Lamport released versions of his LaTeX macros in 1984 and 1985. On 21 August 1989, at a TeX Users Group (TUG) meeting at Stanford, Lamport agreed to turn over maintenance and development of LaTeX to Frank Mittelbach. Mittelbach, along with Chris Rowley and Rainer Schöpf, formed the LaTeX3 team; in 1994, they released LaTeX2e, the current standard version. LaTeX3 has since been discontinued as a separate format and has become a programming layer within LaTeX2e since 2018.[11]

Typesetting system

[edit]

LaTeX attempts to follow the design philosophy of separating presentation from content, so that authors can focus on the content of what they are writing without attending simultaneously to its visual appearance. In preparing a LaTeX document, the author specifies the logical structure using simple, familiar concepts such as chapter, section, table, figure, etc., and lets the LaTeX system handle the formatting and layout of these structures. As a result, it encourages the separation of the layout from the content — while still allowing manual typesetting adjustments whenever needed. This concept is similar to the mechanism by which many word processors allow styles to be defined globally for an entire document, or the use of Cascading Style Sheets in styling HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents.

The LaTeX system is a markup language that handles typesetting and rendering,[14] and can be arbitrarily extended by using the underlying macro language to develop custom macros such as new environments and commands. Such macros are often collected into packages, which could then be made available to address some specific typesetting needs such as the formatting of complex mathematical expressions or graphics (e.g., the use of the align environment provided by the amsmath package to produce aligned equations).

To create a document in LaTeX, a user first creates a file, such as document.tex, typically using a text editor.[15] The user then gives their document.tex file as input to the TeX program (with the LaTeX macros loaded), which prompts TeX to write out a file suitable for onscreen viewing or printing.[16] This write-format-preview cycle is one of the chief ways in which working with LaTeX differs from the What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) style of document editing. It is similar to the code-compile-execute cycle known to computer programmers. Today, many LaTeX-aware editing programs make this cycle a simple matter through the pressing of a single key while showing the output preview on the screen beside the input window. Some online LaTeX editors even automatically refresh the preview,[17][18][19] while other online tools provide incremental editing in-place, mixed in with the preview in a single window.[20]

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{setspace} \usepackage{lipsum} % For generating dummy text if needed

% Page setup to avoid empty space \geometry{top=1in, bottom=1in, left=1in, right=1in} \setlength{\parskip}{1.5em}  % Spacing between paragraphs \setlength{\parindent}{0em}  % No indentation \setlength{\textheight}{9.5in} % Increased text height \setlength{\textwidth}{6in}  % Standard width \setlength{\headheight}{15pt}  % For headers \setlength{\footskip}{30pt}  % For footers

% Title Setup \title{Indian Knowledge System in Town Planning in Ancient India} \author{} \date{\today}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract} The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is a vast body of ancient wisdom that spans various disciplines including architecture, astronomy, and governance. This report explores the profound influence of IKS on urban planning in ancient India, focusing on foundational principles of Vastu Shastra and the alignment of cities with cosmic forces. By analyzing ancient texts like the \textit{Arthashastra}, \textit{Manusmriti}, and examining archaeological evidence from cities such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Pataliputra, this study provides a comprehensive view of the methods and thought processes behind urban development in ancient India. \end{abstract}

\tableofcontents \newpage

\section{Introduction} Urban planning in ancient India was an intricate blend of practical and spiritual principles. The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) in architecture and urban design was a combination of mathematics, astronomy, and a deep sense of the sacred. Ancient Indian cities were not mere physical constructs, but were designed to embody cosmic principles and align with the natural world. This alignment with nature and the cosmos was primarily based on the principles of Vastu Shastra, which governed the physical planning and design of urban spaces. Vastu Shastra and other texts such as the \textit{Arthashastra} and the \textit{Manusmriti} provide evidence that ancient Indian planners paid careful attention to both the practical needs of the population and the metaphysical elements governing the universe.

\subsection{Objectives of the Study} This report aims to explore the significant role that the Indian Knowledge System, particularly Vastu Shastra, played in the urban planning of ancient Indian cities. The main objectives are: \begin{itemize} 

   \item To understand how Vastu Shastra influenced the design and organization of cities.
   \item To explore the relationship between city layouts and cosmic elements in ancient Indian urban planning.
   \item To examine how ancient texts such as the \textit{Arthashastra} and \textit{Manusmriti} contributed to town planning principles.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Scope of the Report} This report discusses various aspects of ancient town planning, from the significance of Vastu Shastra in city layouts to the application of cosmic principles in the planning of cities such as Mohenjo-Daro, Pataliputra, and cities under the Mauryan Empire. It will also touch on the role of water management, drainage systems, and the use of eco-friendly materials in the construction of buildings.

\newpage

\section{Indian Knowledge System and Urban Planning} The Indian Knowledge System is vast and deeply rooted in ancient traditions of science, philosophy, and spirituality. Urban planning in ancient India was based on these principles, which aimed to create harmonious spaces that would support the growth of society and ensure prosperity. One of the key components of this knowledge system is Vastu Shastra, a science of architecture that dictates the construction of buildings and towns in harmony with nature and cosmic energies.

\subsection{Vastu Shastra: The Science of Architecture} Vastu Shastra is an ancient system of architecture that integrates principles of design, spatial arrangement, and construction, based on the cosmic elements. It dictates how the cardinal directions should be used to orient structures, the design of rooms, and the placement of elements like doors, windows, and sanctuaries. Vastu Shastra is often associated with the study of geometry, proportions, and proportions of natural elements in relation to the human body.

The \textit{Vastu Purusha Mandala} is a core concept in Vastu, where a square grid represents the universe. The principles of Vastu emphasize balance, symmetry, and the strategic use of space to enhance the well-being of the inhabitants. It was believed that when a building adhered to the principles of Vastu, it would bring prosperity, health, and positive energy to its residents.

\subsection{Sacred Geometry and Cosmological Alignment} Sacred geometry played a crucial role in ancient Indian town planning. This geometrical system was closely linked with cosmic principles, where the alignment of buildings and cities was based on celestial movements and the positioning of the stars. In cities such as Pataliputra, the layout was designed to reflect the cardinal directions and the positions of celestial bodies, ensuring the optimal flow of energy and harmony in the urban space.

One prominent example is the city of Jaipur, which was meticulously planned with an understanding of celestial and earthly dynamics. Its grid-like layout and orientation to the sun and stars were designed to align with the cosmic forces. Such town plans reveal that urban spaces were seen not only as places for social and economic activity but also as areas where cosmic forces could be harnessed to bring about societal well-being.

\newpage

\section{The Role of Water in Ancient Urban Planning} Water management was one of the most critical aspects of ancient Indian town planning. Water sources were considered sacred and were essential for the well-being of the population. The cities of ancient India were often built near rivers, lakes, or wells, and the management of these water sources was an essential component of the urban planning process.

\subsection{Water Harvesting and Reservoirs} The ancient Indian cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were known for their advanced water management systems, which included large reservoirs and wells. These reservoirs not only provided water for daily consumption but were also used for bathing and religious purposes. The Indus Valley cities had a sophisticated drainage system, and it is believed that the engineers who designed these cities had a profound understanding of hydrology.

The concept of rainwater harvesting was also prevalent in ancient India. Ancient texts suggest that communities had methods for collecting and conserving rainwater, ensuring that they had an adequate water supply even during dry periods.

\subsection{The Role of Sacred Water Bodies} In addition to functional water management, water was also deeply connected with spiritual practices. Sacred rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Godavari were considered holy, and many cities were built along their banks. Water bodies were often incorporated into the layout of cities as symbols of purity and spiritual renewal.

For example, the city of Varanasi, considered one of the oldest living cities in the world, was built along the banks of the Ganges. The river’s presence in the city not only provided a water source but also served as a central element in the city’s spiritual and cultural life.

\newpage

\section{The Influence of Ancient Indian Texts on Town Planning} Ancient Indian texts provide valuable insights into the principles and practices of town planning. These texts, ranging from the \textit{Arthashastra} to the \textit{Manusmriti}, contain detailed instructions on the design and management of urban spaces.

\subsection{The \textit{Arthashastra} and Urban Governance} The \textit{Arthashastra}, attributed to Kautilya (Chanakya), is one of the most important texts on governance and urban planning. In it, Kautilya outlines the responsibilities of the ruler, the methods of city planning, and the roles of various officials in maintaining the infrastructure of the city. Kautilya’s approach to town planning emphasized the importance of strategic positioning, proper drainage systems, and effective resource management.

In the \textit{Arthashastra}, the king was advised to oversee the development of city layouts, ensuring that cities were not only efficient but also strategically defensible. He also recommended creating public spaces such as markets, temples, and gardens to promote social and economic life.

\subsection{The \textit{Manusmriti} and Social Organization} The \textit{Manusmriti} provides guidelines for the social organization of cities, focusing on the division of labor and the allocation of spaces for different societal functions. The text describes the ideal arrangement of neighborhoods and the placement of residential areas according to social status. This was crucial for maintaining social order and ensuring that different classes had access to the necessary resources.

According to the \textit{Manusmriti}, the city’s core, where the king and priests resided, was to be located in the center, while merchants and artisans would live in the surrounding areas. This spatial organization was seen as necessary to maintain societal balance and harmony.

\newpage

\section{Historical Evidence of Ancient Indian Cities} Archaeological discoveries provide a wealth of information about the town planning practices of ancient Indian civilizations. The cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, the Mauryan Empire, and others provide evidence of highly advanced urban planning, with detailed attention to infrastructure, public amenities, and spatial organization.

\subsection{Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa: The Indus Valley Cities} The cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are perhaps the best-known examples of early urban planning in India. These cities were organized in a grid pattern with streets running perpendicular to each other, a system that was remarkable for its time. The cities had public baths, advanced drainage systems, and standardized brick sizes, all of which suggest an understanding of urban planning principles that were ahead of their time.

In addition to their grid-like streets, the cities had public buildings such as the Great Bath in Mohenjo-Daro, which was likely used for ritual bathing. These structures were strategically placed to serve the community’s spiritual and social needs.

\subsection{Pataliputra: The Mauryan Capital} Pataliputra, the capital of the Mauryan Empire, was another example of sophisticated urban planning. The city was designed with concentric rings of roads and defensive walls, with the royal palace and public buildings at the center. This arrangement not only provided security but also ensured that the city was well-organized and easily navigable.

Public spaces like markets, gardens, and temples were integrated into the urban fabric, ensuring that the needs of the population were met. The city was also strategically located on the banks of the Ganges River, which facilitated trade and communication.

\newpage

\section{Conclusion} The study of ancient Indian town planning reveals a remarkable understanding of urban design that combined practical concerns with spiritual and cosmic principles. The influence of the Indian Knowledge System, especially through Vastu Shastra, can be seen in the layout and design of cities, where harmony with nature and the cosmos was prioritized. Ancient texts like the \textit{Arthashastra} and the \textit{Manusmriti} contributed significantly to the planning of urban spaces, emphasizing the importance of social order, governance, and infrastructure.

The cities of ancient India, such as Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, and Pataliputra, stand as testaments to the advanced knowledge and wisdom of the time. These cities were not just functional spaces; they were designed to embody cosmic and spiritual principles, ensuring the prosperity and well-being of their inhabitants.

\newpage

\section{References} \begin{itemize} 

   \item Bharadwaj, S. (2006). \textit{Vastu Shastra: The Indian Science of Architecture}. New Delhi: Vision Books.
   \item Kautilya. (1992). \textit{Arthashastra}. Translated by R. Shamasastry. Bangalore: Government Press.
   \item Kumar, R. (2009). \textit{Urban Planning in Ancient India: A Study of the Indus Valley Civilization}. Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
   \item Narayan, P. (2008). \textit{The Role of Astronomy in Ancient Indian Town Planning}. Journal of Indian Architecture, 45(3), 215-232.
   \item Sharma, P. (2011). \textit{Indian Architecture: A Historical Overview}. New York: Routledge.
   \item Singh, B. (2005). \textit{City Planning and Urban Development in Ancient India}. Varanasi: Kashi Prakashan.
   \item Gupta, R. (2012). \textit{The Legacy of Vastu Shastra in Contemporary Urban Design}. New Delhi: Ancient Wisdom Press.

\end{itemize}

\end{document}

Pronouncing and writing "LaTeX"

[edit]
The LaTeX wordmark, typeset with LaTeX's \LaTeX macro
See also: TeX § Pronunciation and spelling

The characters 'T', 'E', and 'X' in the name come from the Greek capital letters tau, epsilon, and chi, as the name of TeX derives from the Ancient Greek: τέχνη ('skill', 'art', 'technique'); for this reason, TeX's creator Donald Knuth promotes its pronunciation as /tɛx/ (tekh)[21] (that is, with a voiceless velar fricative as in Modern Greek, similar to the ch in loch). Lamport remarks that "TeX is usually pronounced tech, making lah-tech, lah-tech, and lay-tech the logical choices; but language is not always logical, so lay-tecks is also possible."[22]

The name is printed in running text with a typographical logo: LaTeX. In media where the logo cannot be precisely reproduced in running text, the word is typically given the unique capitalization LaTeX. Alternatively, the TeX, LaTeX,[23] and XeTeX[24] logos can also be rendered via pure CSS and XHTML for use in graphical web browsers — by following the specifications of the internal \LaTeX macro.[25]

[edit]

As a macro package, LaTeX provides a set of macros for TeX to interpret. There are many other macro packages for TeX, including Plain TeX, GNU Texinfo, AMSTeX, and ConTeXt.

When TeX "compiles" a document, it follows (from the user's point of view) the following processing sequence: Macros → TeX → Driver → Output. Different implementations of each of these steps are typically available in TeX distributions. Traditional TeX will output a DVI file, which is usually converted to a PostScript file. In 2000, Hàn Thế Thành and others wrote an implementation of TeX called pdfTeX, which also outputs to PDF and takes advantage of features available in that format.[26] The XeTeX engine developed by Jonathan Kew, on the other hand, merges modern font technologies and Unicode with TeX.[27] LuaTeX is an extended version of pdfTeX using Lua as an embedded scripting language.[28]

Compatibility and converters

[edit]

LaTeX documents (*.tex) can be opened with any text editor. They consist of plain text and contain no hidden formatting codes or binary information. TeX documents can also be shared by rendering the LaTeX file to other formats such as OpenDocument, XML, or class (*.cls) files. LaTeX can also (and commonly is) rendered to PDF files using the LaTeX extension pdfLaTeX. LaTeX files containing Unicode text can be processed into PDFs with the inputenc package, or by the TeX extensions XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX.

  • TeX4ht is a converter that can translate TeX and LaTeX documents to HTML and certain XML formats. It is now included preconfigured with all TeX distributions.
  • HeVeA is a converter written in OCaml that converts LaTeX documents to HTML5. This way, documents such as scientific papers, primarily typeset for printing, can be placed on the World Wide Web for online viewing. It is licensed under the Q Public License.[29]
  • LaTeX2HTML is a converter written in Perl that converts LaTeX documents to HTML. It is licensed under GPL v2.[30] The latest updates are available from Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN).[31]
  • LaTeX2RTF is a converter written in C that converts LaTeX documents to RTF. It is licensed under GPL v2 or later.[32]
  • LaTeXML is a converter written in Perl that converts LaTeX documents into a variety of XML-based formats, including HTML5 (with MathML), ePub ebooks, JATS, and TEI. It was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology by US Federal Government employees and is therefore in the public domain. It is available for free.[33]
  • Pandoc is a "universal document converter" able to transform LaTeX (as well as other formats) into many different file formats, including HTML5, ePub, OpenDocument (*.odt), Microsoft Office Open XML (*.docx), and even text with MediaWiki markup as used in Wikipedia. It is licensed under GPL v2.[34]

LaTeX has become the de facto standard to typeset mathematical expression in scientific documents.[5][35] Hence, there are several conversion tools focusing on mathematical LaTeX expressions, such as converters to MathML or Computer Algebra System.

  • MathJax is a JavaScript library for converting LaTeX to MathML, picture formats including SVG and PNG, or HTML for embedding within a webpage.
  • KaTeX is a JavaScript library for converting LaTeX to HTML and MathML. It is developed by Khan Academy, and is among the fastest LaTeX to HTML converters.[37]

Licensing

[edit]

LaTeX is typically distributed along with plain TeX under a free software licence: the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL).[38] The LPPL is not compatible with the GNU General Public License, as it requires that modified files must be clearly differentiable from their originals (usually by changing the filename); this was done to ensure that files that depend on other files will produce the expected behavior and avoid dependency hell. The LPPL is Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG) compliant as of version 1.3. As free software, LaTeX is available on most operating systems, which include Unix (Solaris, HP-UX, AIX), BSD (FreeBSD, macOS, NetBSD, OpenBSD), Linux (Red Hat, Debian, Arch, Gentoo), Windows, DOS, RISC OS, AmigaOS, and Plan 9.

Versions

[edit]
Filename extension
.tex
Internet media type
application/x-latex[Note 2]
Initial release1994; 31 years ago (1994)
Latest release
LaTeX2e
1994; 31 years ago (1994)
Type of formatDocument file format

LaTeX2e is the current version of LaTeX, since it replaced LaTeX 2.09 in 1994.[39] As of 2020, LaTeX3, which started in the early 1990s, is under a long-term development project.[11] Planned features include improved syntax (separation of content from styling), hyperlink support, a new user interface, access to arbitrary fonts and a new documentation.[40] Some LaTeX3 features are available in LaTeX2e using packages,[41] and by 2020 many features have been enabled in LaTeX2e by default for a gradual transition.[11]

There are many commercial implementations of the entire TeX system. System vendors may add extra features like added typefaces and telephone support. LyX is a free software, WYSIWYM visual document processor that uses LaTeX for a back-end.[42] TeXmacs is a free, WYSIWYG editor with similar functionalities as LaTeX, but with a different typesetting engine.[43] Other WYSIWYG editors that produce LaTeX include Scientific Word on Windows and macOS.

Many community-supported TeX distributions are available.

See also

[edit]
  • LyX - GUI front-end for LaTeX

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also pronounced /ˈlɑːtɛx/ LAH-tekh or /ˈleɪtɛx/ LAY-tekh or /ˈleɪtɛks/ LAY-tex.
  2. ^ Unregistered media type

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "LaTeX2e Release Newsletter". Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  2. ^ "An introduction to LaTeX". LaTeX project. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  3. ^ a b Lamport, Leslie (1986). LATEX: a document preparation system. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. ISBN 0-201-15790-X. OCLC 12550262.
  4. ^ "What are TeX, LaTeX and friends?".
  5. ^ a b Alexia Gaudeul (June 2007). "Do Open Source Developers Respond to Competition?: The (La)TeX Case Study". Review of Network Economics. 6 (2). doi:10.2202/1446-9022.1119. S2CID 201097782.
  6. ^ Markin, Pablo (1 November 2017). "LaTeX, Open Source Software, Facilitates the Adoption of Open Access by Authors, Repositories and Journals". OpenScience. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  7. ^ "Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec". Retrieved 2022-04-09.
  8. ^ "Babel: The multilingual framework to localize LaTeX, LuaLaTeX, XeLaTeX". Retrieved 2024-11-09.
  9. ^ "Chinese". www.overleaf.com. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  10. ^ Leslie Lamport (April 23, 2007). "The Writings of Leslie Lamport: LaTeX: A Document Preparation System". Leslie Lamport's Home Page. Retrieved 2007-04-27.
  11. ^ a b c d "Quo vadis LaTeX(3) Team — A look back and at the upcoming years" (PDF). www.latex-project.org. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  12. ^ "LaTeX - A document preparation system". www.latex-project.org. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  13. ^ a b Lamport, Leslie (2024-04-29). "My Writings" (PDF). pp. 48–49. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-06-09. Retrieved 2024-06-09.
  14. ^ The design of LaTeX owes something to earlier markup systems such as Scribe.
  15. ^ Van Dyke, Jackson. "Getting started with LaTeX and Vim" (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  16. ^ PDF output is common, but TeX can output other formats such as DVI ("Device independent" format).
  17. ^ "Overleaf".
  18. ^ "Seeveeze".
  19. ^ "LaTeX Base".
  20. ^ "Authorea".
  21. ^ Donald E. Knuth, The TeXbook, Addison–Wesley, Boston, 1986, p. 1.
  22. ^ Lamport (1994), p 5
  23. ^ O'Connor, Edward. "TeX and LaTeX logo POSHlets". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  24. ^ Taraborelli, Dario. "CSS-driven TeX logos". Archived from the original on 2017-09-01. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  25. ^ Walden, David (2005-07-15). "Travels in TeX Land: A Macro, Three Software Packages, and the Trouble with TeX". The PracTeX Journal (3). Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  26. ^ "pdfTeX - TeX Users Group". www.tug.org. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  27. ^ "XeTeX - TeX Users Group". www.tug.org. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  28. ^ "LuaTeX". Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  29. ^ Website http://hevea.inria.fr/
  30. ^ According to LICENSE file in the source repository.
  31. ^ "CTAN: Package latex2html". ctan.org.
  32. ^ "CTAN: /tex-archive/support/latex2rtf". ctan.org.
  33. ^ "LaTeXML A LaTeX to XML/HTML/MathML Converter". dlmf.nist.gov. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  34. ^ "Pandoc - About pandoc". pandoc.org.
  35. ^ Knauff, Markus; Nejasmic, Jelica (December 19, 2019). "An Efficiency Comparison of Document Preparation Systems Used in Academic Research and Development". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e115069. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115069. PMC 4272305. PMID 25526083.
  36. ^ Schubotz, Moritz; Wicke, Gabriel (2014). "Mathoid: Robust, Scalable, Fast and Accessible Math Rendering for Wikipedia". Intelligent Computer Mathematics – International Conference. CICM. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 8543. Springer. pp. 224–235. arXiv:1404.6179. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08434-3_17. ISBN 978-3-319-08433-6.
  37. ^ "KaTeX – The fastest math typesetting library for the web". katex.org.
  38. ^ "The LaTeX project public license". www.latex-project.org. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  39. ^ Scavo, Tom. "TeX, LaTeX, and AMS-LaTeX". Archived from the original on 3 December 1998. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  40. ^ Frank Mittelbach, Chris Rowley (January 12, 1999). "The LaTeX3 Project" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-07-30.
  41. ^ Wright, Joseph. "Why is LaTeX3 taking so long to come out?". TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange.
  42. ^ "LyX: What is LyX?". www.lyx.org. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  43. ^ "Welcome to GNU TeXmacs (FSF GNU project)". www.texmacs.org.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Flynn, Peter (2017) [2002]. Formatting Information: A Beginner's Guide to LaTeX (7th online ed.). Cork: Silmaril. p. 193.
  • Griffiths, David F.; Highman, David S. (1997). Learning LaTeX. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ISBN 0-89871-383-8.
  • Kopka, Helmut; Daly, Patrick W. (2003). Guide to LaTeX (4th ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-321-17385-6.
  • Lamport, Leslie (1994). LaTeX: A document preparation system: User's guide and reference. illustrations by Duane Bibby (2nd ed.). Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-201-52983-1.
  • Mittelbach, Frank; Fischer, Ulrike (2023). The LaTeX Companion (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-13-465894-0. Vol II: Mittelbach, Frank; Fischer, Ulrike (2023). The LaTeX Companion (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-36300-5.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&oldid=1292300137"