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China–Paraguay relations

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China–Paraguay relations
Map indicating locations of China and Paraguay

China
Paraguay

China–Paraguay relations refers to the bilateral relations between China and the Republic of Paraguay. Paraguay has never established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, but it has maintained diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 1957.

Chinese affairs in Paraguay are handled by the Consulate General of China in São Paulo, Brazil.[1][2] Paraguayan affairs with mainland China are handled by their Embassy in South Korea, while their affairs with Hong Kong and Macau are handled by their Embassy in Japan.[3][4]

History

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During the Cold War, the Paraguayan government pursued anti-communism and had little trade with China and other socialist countries.[5]

In 1957, the Republic of Paraguay established diplomatic relations with Taiwan. In 1989, China sent diplomats to negotiate with Paraguayan President Andrés Rodríguez on the establishment of diplomatic relations, but was unsuccessful.[6] Paraguay currently maintains diplomatic relations with Taiwan, but not with China.[7] Paraguay is currently the only South American country that has diplomatic relations with Taiwan.[5]

From 1995 to 1997, Paraguay had a consulate in British Hong Kong, but it was closed on the eve of Hong Kong's return to China.[5][8]

In September 1997, during his attendance at the UN General Assembly, Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Qian Qichen of China met with Paraguayan Foreign Minister Rubén Melgarejo Ransoni. Both agreed that the two countries' permanent missions in the United Nations would be to discuss the establishment of trade representative offices in each other's countries. However, this was ultimately unsuccessful.[9]

On January 9, 2015, Paraguayan Foreign Minister Loizaga led a delegation to Beijing to attend the first ministerial meeting of the China-CELAC Forum.[10] The Paraguayan delegation attended the second and third ministerial meetings of the China-CELAC Forum in 2018 and 2021, respectively.[11][12]

On April 17, 2020, the Paraguayan Senate formally voted on a motion to establish diplomatic relations with China. The motion was proposed by the left-wing political party alliance Frente Guasú, which believed that turning to China would promote cooperation between the two sides and exchange Paraguayan agricultural products for epidemic prevention materials from China. 41 of 45 senators voted, and the resolution was not passed with 16 votes in favor and 25 votes against.[13]

Before the 2023 Paraguayan general election, Efraín Alegre, a candidate for the Authentic Radical Liberal Party, said that if he won the election in April, he would establish diplomatic relations with China.[14] However, in the general election at the end of April, Alegre lost.[15][16]

In 2024, Xu Wei, Minister-Counselor of the Latin American Department of China, attempted to lobby members of the Paraguayan Congress to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan and establish diplomatic ties with China. The Paraguayan Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Xu Wei was considered persona non grata for interfering in internal affairs, revoked his visa and expelled him from the country.[17][18][19][20]

Economic relations

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According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs of China, the total trade volume between China and Paraguay in 2019 was US$1.447 billion, of which China's exports amounted to US$1.431 billion and imports amounted to US$0.16 billion, down 15.4%, 14.4% and 59.3% year-on-year respectively.[21]

On October 18, 2018, Qin Gang, Vice Foreign Minister of the China, held the Sixth China-MERCOSUR Dialogue with Uruguayan Vice Foreign Minister Ariel Bergamino, Brazilian Vice Foreign Minister António Costa, Paraguayan Vice Foreign Minister Delgadillo, and Argentine Deputy Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Arana in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay.[22]

References

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  1. ^ "巴拉圭". cs.mfa.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  2. ^ "未建交国代管馆名单". 中国领事服务网. Archived from the original on 2020-02-07. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  3. ^ "Embajador". 巴拉圭共和國駐大韓民國大使館. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
  4. ^ "領事部". 巴拉圭共和国驻日本国大使馆. Archived from the original on 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
  5. ^ a b c 杨建民 (2010). "中国与巴拉圭的关系" (PDF). 中拉关系60年：回顾与展望. 当代世界出版社. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  6. ^ Marks, Thomas A. (199). Counterrevolution in China: Wang Sheng and the Kuomintang. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4700-4. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Partial view on Google Books Archived 2016-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. pp 289. 293.
  7. ^ "中国同巴拉圭的关系". 中华人民共和国外交部. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  8. ^ "公署发言人就外国在香港设立领事馆条件等问题答记者问". 中华人民共和国外交部驻香港特别行政区特派员公署. Archived from the original on 2021-12-17. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  9. ^ 中华人民共和国外交部政策研究室, ed. (June 1998). 中国外交 1998年版. 北京: 世界知识出版社. p. 672-673.
  10. ^ "Paraguay valora como histórica reunión con canciller chino en cumbre CELAC". SELA (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  11. ^ "Delegación paraguaya participa de la II Reunión del Foro de Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños con China" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  12. ^ "III Reunión Ministerial del Foro CELAC-China" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-17. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  13. ^ "Carlos Filizzola Twitter". Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  14. ^ "Exclusive: Paraguay election race puts Taiwan ties on a knife-edge". 路透社. Archived from the original on 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  15. ^ 杨安 (2023-05-01). "巴拉圭执政党候选人赢得总统大选 选前承诺维持与台湾邦交". VOA. Archived from the original on 2023-05-04.
  16. ^ 焦鹏 (2023-05-01). "执政党候选人培尼亚当选巴拉圭总统". 新华网. Archived from the original on 2023-05-18.
  17. ^ "巴拉圭驱逐中国大陆外交官 指其游说国会议员与台湾断交". 联合早报 (in Chinese). 2024-12-06. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
  18. ^ "中外交官煽動斷交遭巴拉圭驅逐 我駐巴大使重申台灣主權獨立". 公視 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2024-12-06. Archived from the original on 2024-12-07. Retrieved 2024-12-06.
  19. ^ Press, Associated (2024-12-05). "Paraguay kicks out Chinese envoy after he urges country to cut ties with Taiwan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  20. ^ AP (2024-12-05). "Paraguay kicks out Chinese envoy for Taiwan comments". CNN. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
  21. ^ "双边关系". 中华人民共和国外交部. Archived from the original on 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  22. ^ "中国－南方共同市场新一轮对话在乌拉圭举行". 中华人民共和国外交部. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
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