Waropen language
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Austronesian language
| Waropen | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | West Papua and Papua |
Native speakers | (6,000 cited 1987)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | wrp |
| Glottolog | waro1242 |
Waropen is an Austronesian language spoken at the Cendrawasih Bay of Indonesian Papua. It is a primary branch of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages.
Dialects are Waropen Kai, Napan, and Ambumi.
Phonology
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ɣ | (h) | ||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
/w/ can also be heard as a fricative [β].
/h/ may also exist phonemically in other dialects.[2]
Sounds /w, j/ can be heard as vowels [ʊ, ɪ] when after vowel sounds.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ ~ e | ə | ɔ |
| Open | a |
/ɛ/ may be pronounced as [ɛ] or [e].[2]
Distribution
[edit]In Papua province, it is spoken in Mamberamo Raya Regency and Waropen Regency. The Ambumi dialect also called Waruri is spoken in Ambumi village in Wondama Bay Regency, West Papua.[4] Waropen is also spoken southwest to the Rombak River mouth.
References
[edit]- ^ Waropen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Held, Gerrit J. (1942). Grammatica van het Waropensch (Nederlandsch Noord Nieuw-Guinea). A.C. Nix, Bandoeng.
- ^ Flassy, Don A.L.; Animung, Lisidus; Sawaki, Rachel (1994). Fonologi bahasa Waropen. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ Suryawan, I Ngurah (2018-10-27). "Kampung Papua, Antara Eksploitasi dan Konservasi (1)". tatkala.co. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
| Cenderawasih |
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| Raja Ampat–South Halmahera |
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† indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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