Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ainaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.nɑz/

Numeral

Proto-Germanic cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : *ainaz     Ordinal : *frumô     Adverbial : *ainas     Multiplier : *ainafalþaz

*ainaz

1. (in the singular) one
2. (in the plural) some

Inflection

Declension of *ainaz (a-stem, strong only)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ainaz	*ainō	*ainą, *-at(ō)		*ainai	*ainôz	*ainō
accusative	*ainanǭ	*ainǭ	*ainą, *-at(ō)		*ainanz	*ainōz	*ainō
genitive	*ainas, *ainis	*ainaizōz	*ainas, *ainis		*ainaizǫ̂	*ainaizǫ̂	*ainaizǫ̂
dative	*ainammai	*ainaizōi	*ainammai		*ainaimaz	*ainaimaz	*ainaimaz
instrumental	*ainanō	*ainaizō	*ainanō		*ainaimiz	*ainaimiz	*ainaimiz

Derived terms

• *ainaburanaz
• *ainafalþaz
• *ainagaz
• *ainahandijaz
• *ainaharduz
• *ainahlaupiz
• *ainanahtijaz
• *aināną
• *ainarēdaz
• *ainaugijaz
• *ainawīgiją
• *nainaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ain
  • Old English: ān
    • Middle English: on, oon, one, oen, oune, hon, none, an, anne, onne, an, ane, auen, aune (Northern), auen, aune (north Midland), enne, onen, onenen (Kent), en, an, ane (Early Middle English), won, von, wone (Late Middle English), oon, one, an (Northern), an, ane (Early Middle English)
      • English: one, an, a, yan (dialectal)
      • Geordie English: yen
      • Scots: ane, wan, yin, ae
      • Yola: oan, ane, own
  • Old Frisian: ēn, ān, een
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum:

      Föhr: een m, ian f or n

      Amrum: ään m, ian f or n

      Goesharde:

      Hoolmer: åån m, iin f or n

      Hoorninger: aan m, iin f or n

      Halligen: aon m, ian f or n

      Heligoland: iaan, jaan

      Mooring: ån m, iinj f or n

      Sylt: jen

      Wiedingharde: oan m, iin f or n

    • Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n
    • West Frisian: ien
  • Old Saxon: ēn
    • Middle Low German: ên, ein
      • Low German: ein, en
        • German Low German: een (Hamburgisch)
        • Westphalian:

          Lippisch: eun

          Ravensbergisch: åine

          Sauerländisch: ên

          Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne

      • Plautdietsch: een
  • Old Dutch: ēn
    • Middle Dutch: êen
      • Dutch: een
        • Afrikaans: een, 'n
      • West Flemish: ien, jin
    • Limburgish: ein
  • Old High German: ein, ain
    • Middle High German: ein
      • Alemannic German: ain, äin, a, an, en
      • Bavarian: a

        Cimbrian: a, an (“a, an”); òan, umm (“one”)

        Mòcheno: a (“a, an”); oa' (“one”)

      • Central Franconian: een, ein (Kölsch, Westerwald), ään (eastern Moselle Franconian)
        • Hunsrik: een
        • Luxembourgish: een
      • East Central German: ä, e
      • German: ein
      • Rhine Franconian: e (Hessian)
      • Yiddish: איין (eyn), אַ (a), אַן (an)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ)
  • ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalaibaʀ)
  • Old Norse: einn
    • Icelandic: einn
    • Faroese: ein
    • Norn: en
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ein
    • Dalecarlian: jenn
      • Elfdalian: ᛁᛆᚿ (ien)
    • Old Swedish: ēn
      • Swedish: en
    • Old Danish: en, æn
      • Danish: en
        • Norwegian Bokmål: en
      • Scanian: æn, én
    • Gutnish: en, ann, h'en
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains)