Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sokъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sakás, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós.

Noun

*sȍkъ m

1. juice

Inflection

Declension of *sȍkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sȍkъ	*sȍka	*sȍci
genitive	*sȍka	*sokù	*sòkъ
dative	*sȍku	*sokomà	*sokòmъ
accusative	*sȍkъ	*sȍka	*sȍky
instrumental	*sȍkъmь, *sȍkomь*	*sokomà	*soký
locative	*sȍcě	*sokù	*socě̃xъ
vocative	*soče	*sȍka	*sȍci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сокъ (sokŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: сокъ (sok)
      • Belarusian: сок (sok)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: сок (sok)
      • Ukrainian: сік (sik); сок (sok), соч (soč) (dialectal)
    • Russian: сок (sok), сокъ (sok) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
      • → Komi-Zyrian: сок (sok)
      • → Yakut: сок (sok)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: сокъ (sokŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⱁⰽⱏ (sokŭ)

  • Bulgarian: сок (sok)
  • Macedonian: сок (sok)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: со̑к
    • Latin script: sȏk
  • Slovene: sọ̑k (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: sok (dialectal)
  • Old Polish: sok (“juice”)
    • Polish: sok
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: sok
    • Upper Sorbian: sok

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-ó-s, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).

Noun

*sokъ m

1. accuser

Inflection

Declension of *sokъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sokъ	*soka	*soci
genitive	*soka	*soku	*sokъ
dative	*soku	*sokoma	*sokomъ
accusative	*sokъ	*soka	*soky
instrumental	*sokъmь, *sokomь*	*sokoma	*soky
locative	*socě	*soku	*socěxъ
vocative	*soče	*soka	*soci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *sočìti (“to accuse, indict”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сокъ (sokŭ, “accuser”)
    • Russian: сок (sok, “plaintiff”)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic: сокъ (sokŭ) (Russian recension)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: со̏к
    • Latin script: sȍk
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: sok (“plaintiff”)
    • Czech: sok (“rival”)
  • Old Polish: sok (“slanderer”)
  • Slovak: sok (“rival”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сок”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress