Asụsụ Tsilhqotʼin
Nenqayni Chʼih ( lit. "Ụzọ ala nna"), nakwa Chilcotin, Tŝilhqot'in, Tsilhqot'in, Tsilhqút'in, bụ asụsụ Northern Athabaska nke ndị Tsilhqot'in na-asụ na British Columbia .
Aha Chilcotin sitere na aha Chilcotin maka onwe ha: Tŝilhqotʼin n'ụzọ nkịtị "ndị nke red ocher osimiri".
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Chilcotin nwere consonants 47:
- Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Athabaskan ndị ọzọ, Chilcotin enweghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti esemokwu na ihe dị nso .
- Usoro alveolar bụ pharyngealized .
- Dentals na alveolars:
- Ma Krauss (1975) na Cook (1993) na-akọwa eze na alveolar dị ka ihe bụ isi ihe dị na articulation, postdental, na nanị ihe dị iche iche bụ àgwà ha dị iche iche na usoro nkwụsịtụ ụdaume (akọwara n'okpuru).
- Gafos (1999, nkwurịta okwu onwe onye na Cook) na-akọwa usoro eze dị ka apico-laminal denti-alveolar na usoro alveolar dị ka lamino-postalveolar .
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Chilcotin nwere ụdaume 6:
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ogologo oge | lax-mkpụkpụ | ogologo oge | lax-mkpụkpụ | ogologo oge | lax-mkpụkpụ | |
| Elu | Templeeti:IPA link Templeeti:Angbr | Templeeti:IPA link Templeeti:Angbr | Templeeti:IPA link Templeeti:Angbr | Templeeti:IPA link Templeeti:Angbr | ||
| Dị ala | Templeeti:IPA link Templeeti:Angbr | Templeeti:IPA link Templeeti:Angbr | ||||
- Chilcotin nwere ma ụda ụda olu adịghị ike na nke lax. Na mgbakwunye, ụdaume na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ike ịla azụ n'ihi ụdaume laxing.
Udaume Chilcotin ọ bụla enyerela nwere ọtụtụ nghọta ụda olu dị iche iche sitere na usoro ụda olu dị mgbagwoju anya (dị ka imi imi, ịla n'iyi, ịgbasa). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụdaume /i/ enwere ike ịkpọ ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche [i, ĩ, ɪ, e, ᵊi, ᵊĩ, ᵊɪ] .
Ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Chilcotin bụ asụsụ ụda nwere ụda abụọ: ụda dị elu na ụda dị ala.
Usoro ụda olu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Chilcotin nwere ndakọrịta ụdaume na ndakọrịta. Consonant nkwekọ ( sibilant harmony) bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ezinụlọ asụsụ Athabaskan. Udaume ebelata bụ ihe pụrụ iche na Chilcotin mana ọ yiri usoro ụda olu na asụsụ Salishan ime ime ndị ọzọ na-enweghị njikọ, ndị a na-asụ n'otu mpaghara, dị ka Shuswap, Stʼátʼimcets, na Thompson River Salish (nke mere na ọ ga-abụ na a gbaziri ya na Chilcotin). Ụdị nkwekọ ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara North America a. Otú ọ dị, usoro chilcotin dị mgbagwoju anya karị.
Udaume nasalization na laxing
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Udaume nasalization bụ usoro phonological site na fọnịm /n/ bụ nasalizes udaume bu ụzọ. Ọ na-apụta mgbe ụdaume + /n/ usoro na-esochi ya (tautosyllabic) consonant na-aga n'ihu (dị ka /ɬ, sˤ, zˤ, ç, j, χ/ ).
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]nchọpụta dị iche iche gbasara ụtọ asụsụ na mkpụrụedemede nke asụsụ Nukuria, mana, dịka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Asụsụ Chilcotin (YDLI)
- Akwụkwọ edemede nke Akụrụngwa na Asụsụ Chilcotin (YDLI)
- Weebụsaịtị Asụsụ Tsilhqotʼin
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Campbell (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Clements (1991). A Note on Chilcotin Flattening. (unpublished manuscript).
- Cook (1976). A Phonological Study of Chilcotin and Carrier. A Report to the National Museums of Canada. (unpublished manuscript).
- Cook (1983). "Chilcotin Flattening". Canadian Journal of Linguistics 28 (2): 123–132. DOI:10.1017/S0008413100024075.
- Cook (1986). "Ambisyllabicity and Nasalization in Chilcotin", Working Papers for the 21st International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages. Seattle: University of Washington, 1–6.
- Cook (1989). "Articulatory and Acoustic Correlates of Pharyngealization: Evidence from Athapaskan", in Gerdts: Theoretical Perspectives on Native American Languages. Albany: State University of New York Press, 133–145.
- Cook (1989). "Chilcotin Tone and Verb Paradigms", in Cook: Athapaskan Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 145–198.
- Cook (November 1993). "Chilcotin Flattening and Autosegmental Phonology". Lingua 91 (2–3): 149–174. DOI:10.1016/0024-3841(93)90011-K.
- (1989) in Cook: Athapaskan Linguistics: Current Perspectives on a Language Family, Trends in Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. ISBN 0-89925-282-6.
- Gafos (1999). The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-3286-6. (revised version of the author's Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University).
- Krauss (1975). Chilcotin Phonology, a Descriptive and Historical Report, with Recommendations for a Chilcotin Orthography. Alaskan Native Language Center. (unpublished manuscript).
- Krauss (1981). "Northern Athapaskan Languages", in Helm: Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 67–85.
- Mithun (4 November 1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7.