This Consensus Statement provides a nomenclature framework and experimental recommendations for studying mitochondrial transfer and transplantation.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

In this Review, the authors provide a detailed overview of insulin signalling and its dysfunction, highlighting new therapeutic opportunities.

Nshanian et al. investigate the differential effects of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate on chromatin remodelling and gain insight into the mechanisms that drive selective histone acylation.

Modulating mitochondrial NAD⁺ levels by changing the expression of the mitochondrial NAD⁺ transporter, SLC25A51, Mukherjee et al. demonstrate that mitochondrial, rather than cytosolic or nuclear, NAD⁺ levels are a key determinant of the rate of liver regeneration.

In a mouse model of the rare disease citrin deficiency, the authors discovered that the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate leads to ChREBP activation and FGF21 induction. The study identifies glycerol-3-phosphate as a ChREBP-activating ligand, which could resolve paradoxes of FGF21 expression and clarify the logic of lipogenic transcription.

A uridine-sensitized CRISPR-Cas9 screening identifies demethoxy-CoQ as an alternative electron acceptor in the absence of CoQ, and NUDT5 as a regulator of de novo pyrimidine synthesis via its interaction with PPAT.

Tumour-induced dysregulation of cAMP–PKA–CREB1 signalling in skeletal muscle is shown to be a driver of mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to cancer cachexia in mice.

Ethanol-induced fructose metabolism, mediated by KHK-A/C, drives excessive alcohol consumption and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.

Through an epigenome-wide blood analysis in children of mothers with or without type 1 diabetes, the authors identify epigenetic modifications of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci through which maternal type 1 diabetes may protect from islet autoimmunity in offspring.

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) class of medicines has emerged as transformative for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases. On the twentieth anniversary of the approval of exenatide (Byetta), three former employees of Amylin Pharmaceuticals acknowledge the contributions of some of the individuals and the innovation responsible for delivering the first approved GLP-1RA — the forerunner to the modern blockbuster drugs.

Social media has become a go-to source for nutritional advice, and a space in which influencers compete with, and often drown out, evidence-based guidance. The scientific community should counter this viral spread of misinformation by making trustworthy information more accessible.

Obesity is a global public health concern closely linked to cardiometabolic complications. This Comment provides our views on recent breakthroughs, emerging innovations and future needs of therapeutic interventions to counteract obesity and its associated health risks.