MONICACHEMS

REVIEW OF STRUCTURE
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Model 1 : Because /as/ since + clause

→ Because of/ due to/ owing to + noun/ V-ing
Because she behaves well, everybody loves her
→ Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her
Model 2 : although/ thought /even though + clause
→ Despite /in spite of + Noun/ V-ing
In spite of being tired, they stayed until they found out what happened
→ Although they very tired, they ……
Model 3 : too + adj (for sb) + to-inf
→ So + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)
The box was too heavy that the children couldn’t carry it
→ It was such a heavy box that the children coyldn’t carry it
Model 4 : too + adj (for sb) +to-inf
→ Not + adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf
Mary is too young to grt married
→ Marry isn’t older enough to get married
Model 5 : adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf
→ So + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)
→ This question is easy enough for us to answer
→ It is such an easy question thet we can answer
Model 6 : so + adj +that(clause)
Such + (a/an adj)noun + that(clause)
→ Too + adj (for sb) + to-inf
Adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf
It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times
The noval was interesting enough for me to read many times
Model 7 : so + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj ) noun + that (clause)
The film was so good that I saw it three times
→ It was such adj good film that I saw it three times
Model 8 : to-inf + be +adj
It + be + adj V - ing

How + adj + (it be) + to - inf
It + be = adj + to - inf


more power to your elbow!

MONICACHEMS

To sit here with you is so nice

→ It's so nice to sit here with you
→ it's so nice sitting here with you
→ how nice it is to sit here with you
Model 9 : to-inf + be + adj /noun
S + V + it + adj/noun + to-inf
To live on my salary must be hard
→ I find it hard to on my salary
Model 10 : condition sentences
a) I can't see the play because it is soiled oiut
→ if the play weren’t soiled out, I could see it
b) we didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money
→ if we had had enoughj money we could have come on holiday
Model 11 : if … not → unless
Unless you phone me immediately, you’ll get some information
If you phone me immediately, you will get some information
Model 12 : wish
 Present → past subjunctive

Past → past perfect subjunctive
Future → would + if

a) My wife can't speak English
→ I wish my wife could speak English
b) what adj pity you failed in your driving test
→ I wish you hadn’t failed in your driving test
c) She won’t visit me again
→ I wish she would visit me again
Model 13 : S + V (pre perfect) + time
→ It is + time + since + clause (V-simple past)
a) tom and marry have been married for 5 years
→ it is 5 years since tom and marry got married
b) I haven’t my parents for 1 month
→ it's 1 month since I last saw my parents
Model 14 : S + have/has not + V(pp)
→ … first time + S + have/has + pp
I haven’t seen that man here before
→ It's the first time I have seen that man here
Model 15 : S + have/has not + V(pp) + since/for
→ S + last + V (past) + when (clause)
The last times + S + was
a) I haven’t heard him since August
→ the last times I heard him was in August
b) I haven’t seen him since I was a student
→ the last times I saw him when I was a student
Model 16 : S + V (past) + ago
→ S + have/has been + V-ing + since/for

more power to your elbow!

MONICACHEMS

He started working for this factory a year ago

→ He had been working for this factory since last year
Model 17 : S+V + ...time
→ It take (O) + time + to-inf
She typed the letter in 20 minutes
→ It took her 20 minutes to type the letter
Model 18 : S + V + not + untill …..
→ It was not until… that…
Tom didn’t begin to read until he was eight
→ It was not until tom was eight that he began to read
Model 19 : Causative form
+ Active : S + V + O
S + have + O1 + inf + O2 (have S.O + doing )
Get to-inf
I’ll have Tom wash my car
→ I’ll get Tom to wash my car
+Passive S + have/get + O + V(pp) (have S.th done)
I’ll have the car washed
→ I’ll get the car washed
Model 20 ; Passive form
S+V+O
→ S + be + V (pp) + (by…)
No one has ever dicuss this question
→ That question has never been dicussed

Model 21 :
say 
 
Someone know 
They think 
people   that …..
believe 
 find 
 
rumour 

→ It + be + V (pp) + that …
S2 + be + V (pp) + to-inf / to have + pp
a) They think that the owner of the house is abroad
→ it is though that the owner of the house is though to be abroad
→ the owner of the house is though to be abroad
b) people thoug that he had died in the battler
→ it was though that he had died in the battle
Model 22 : adj /adv + er + than
More + adj /adv + than

more power to your elbow!

MONICACHEMS

→ The adj /adv + est

The most + adj / adv
No one in the group is younger than her
→ She’s the youngest in the group
Model 23 : not + so / as +adj /adv + as
→ Adj /adv + er + than
Stone isn’t hard as iron
→ Iron is harder than stone
Model 24 : clause 1 + clause 2
The comparative + the comparative
The more + S+V + the more + S + V
Less less
As I get older, I want to travel less
→ The older I get, the less travel I want
Model 25 : hardly (past perfect)…when
Scarely (past perfect)…when
→ No sooner (past perfect)… than
… no sooner (past perfect) … than
he had no sooner seen me than he ran away
he had hardly seen me when he ran away
→ no sooner had he seen me than he ran away
hardly he had seen me when he ran away
Model 26 : S + V = Auxilary + S +V …
He didn't return to his native village until the war ended
→ Not until the war ended, he dud return to his native village

những trạng từ (đa số là phủ định ) đứng đầu câu đa số ta phải dùng dạng
đảo ngữ
Never [không bao giờ]
Seldom [hiếm khi]
Not only … but also [không những… mà còn]
Not until … [mãi cho tới khi ]
Hardly… when [vừa mới ..rồi thì]
Hardly ever [ít khi]
Neither …nor [cũng không]
Scarely … when… [vừa… rồi thì lại ]
Only then/when [chỉ lúc đó]
Only by [chỉ bằng cách ]
V −ing
Only after clause
Nowhere [không nơi nào]
So…that … [đến nỗi mà]
In no circumtances [không trường hợp nào ]
On no acount [không vì lí do gì]
Model 27 : S+V (not) → S + V (not) either
→ Neither… nor
He isn’t going to attend the meeting, I’m not either

more power to your elbow!

MONICACHEMS

→ Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting

Model 28 : why don’t you + V …?
→ S + suggested + that (clause) (should + V)
“why don’t you apply for the job,Ann ?” said Sue
→ Mary suggestsd that Tom should apply for the job
Model 29 ; indirect speech
a) Tom ask me, “what’s her name ?”
→ Tom ask me what her name was
b) she said: “are you hungry,Tom ?”
→ she asked Tom if he was hungry
c) Mary said to Tom “open the door, please”
→ Mary asked Tom to open the door
d) he said to them : “Don’t be latr tomorrow “
→ he told them not to be late tomorrow
Model 30 : S + V (past) → V-ing
(didn’t ) → not V-ing
(had + pp) → having + pp
Tom had failed twice, so he didn’t want to try again
→ Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again
Model 31 : S + cannot + inf
→ S + prevent + O from + V-ing
Because of the rough sea, the farry couldn’t sailed
→ The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing
Model 32 : adj → verb
It isn’t necessary to finish the work today
→ You don’t need to finish the work today
Model 33 : verb → noun
He didn’t intend to stay here
→ He had no intention to stay here
Model 34 : clause → gerund/phrase
Let’s invite the Browns to the party on Sunday
→ He suggested inviting the Browns to the party on Sunday
Model 35 : simple sentence → complex sentence
Youth is the time for the formation of character
→ Youth is the time when character is formed
Model 36 : it's time for S.b to do S.th = it's time ….. S.b did S.th

more power to your elbow!