Data Into Information
Data Into Information
into Information
This lesson includes the following
sections:
• How Computers Represent Data
• How Computers Process Data
• Factors Affecting Processing Speed
• Extending the Processor's Power to
Other Devices
How Computers Represent Data
• Binary Numbers
• The Binary Number System
• Bits and Bytes
• Text Codes
How Computers Represent Data
– Binary Numbers
• Computer processing is performed by transistors,
which are switches with only two possible states: on
and off.
Numbers above 9
use more than 1 digit
Base 10 Base 2
The Binary Number System
0 0
• To convert data into strings of 1 1
numbers, computers use the binary
number system. 2 10
3 11
• Humans use the decimal system
4 100
(“deci” stands for “ten”).
5 101
• The binary number system works the 6 110
same way as the decimal system, but
has only two available symbols (0 and 7 111
1) rather than ten (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 1000
8, and 9).
9 1001
10 1010
How Computers Represent Data - Bits and Bytes
The two main parts of a CPU are the control unit and the
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Logical
Operations Operations
+ Add =, ≠ equal to, not equal to
• Registers
• RAM
• The Bus
• Cache Memory
Factors Affecting Processing Speed – Registers