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Art Lim Highway

Mandatory signs inform drivers of obligations and requirements, such as what actions they must take. They are typically circular with blue or white backgrounds. Direction signs provide information about locations and destinations, and come in various forms internationally. Pavement markings indicate traffic patterns and lanes through lines of different colors and styles. Traffic lights control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians through a standard sequence of red, yellow, and green illuminated signals. Street lights illuminate roads to aid visibility for drivers at night or during low light conditions.

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82 views

Art Lim Highway

Mandatory signs inform drivers of obligations and requirements, such as what actions they must take. They are typically circular with blue or white backgrounds. Direction signs provide information about locations and destinations, and come in various forms internationally. Pavement markings indicate traffic patterns and lanes through lines of different colors and styles. Traffic lights control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians through a standard sequence of red, yellow, and green illuminated signals. Street lights illuminate roads to aid visibility for drivers at night or during low light conditions.

Uploaded by

Art AV B Lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Mandatory signs are road signs which are used to set the obligations of all traffic which use a
specific area of road. Unlike prohibitory signs, mandatory signs tell traffic what it must do, rather than
must not do. Most mandatory road signs are circular, may use white symbols on a blue background
with white border or black symbols on a white background with a red border, although the latter is
also associated with prohibitory signs.

Mandatory signs are a subset of the regulatory sign group as defined by the United Nations
Economic and Social Council in the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968, and are
often seen not just on their own, but used in conjunction with other signs, traffic
lights and bollards as a form of visual shorthand within these objects.

End of prescription sign

The end of all prohibition Signs is also a


circular in shape and represents the same bar
sign obligation Symbol. A red bar from the right
top to the left bottom cancels this obligation. The
R4-2 informs the drivers of the end of all the
previous prescription.

A direction sign, more fully defined as a direction, position, or indication sign by the Vienna
Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is any road sign used primarily to give information about
the location of either the driver or possible destinations, and are considered a subset of
the informative signs group. Direction signs are far
more varied internationally than other classes of sign,
as the Vienna Convention does not specify sizes,
colours, symbols or positions of such signs. Direction
signs are the oldest type of road sign; Plutarch writes
about milestones being placed in the 3rd century BC.
while some fingerposts in the United Kingdom date
back to at least the 1690s.[3] However, it was not until
the invention of the motor car at the turn of the 20th
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
century that modern direction signs evolved, with fewer
words and clear design allowing them to be read at speed.

4 categories of Direction Sign

 Advance direction sign


 Intersection Direction Sign
 Reassurance of conformity sign
 Entering and Exit of urban area
Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal

lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in
technical parlance),[1] are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings,
and other locations to control flows of traffic.
The world's first traffic light was short lived. It was a manually operated gas-lit signal installed
in London in December 1868. It exploded less than a month after it was implemented, injuring[2] its
policeman operator. Traffic control started to seem necessary in the late 1890s and Earnest Sirrine
from Chicago patented the first automated traffic control system in 1910. It used the words "STOP"
and "PROCEED", although neither word lit up.[3]
Traffic lights alternate the right of way accorded to users by displaying lights of a standard colour
(red, amber (yellow), and green) following a universal colour code. In the typical sequence of colour
phases:

 The green light allows traffic to proceed in the direction denoted, if it is safe to do so and there is
room on the other side of the intersection.
 The amber (yellow) light warns that the signal is about to change to red. In a number of
countries – among them the United Kingdom – a phase during which red and yellow are
displayed together indicates that the signal is about to change to green.[4] Actions required by
drivers on a yellow light vary, with some jurisdictions requiring drivers to stop if it is safe to do so,
and others allowing drivers to go through the intersection if safe to do so.
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
 A flashing amber indication is a warning signal. In the United Kingdom, a flashing amber light is
used only at pelican crossings, in place of the combined red–amber signal, and indicates that
drivers may pass if no pedestrians are on the crossing.
 The red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding.
 A flashing red indication is treated as a stop sign.

Pavement Marking

PAVEMENT MARKINGS ON THE ROAD Lines and symbols on the roadway indicate a number of things
to drivers: where lanes are divided, where you may pass other vehicles, or change lanes, which lanes to
use for turns, where pedestrian walkways are located, and where you must stop for signs and traffic
signals. MEANINGS OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS LINES — BROKEN LINES may be crossed in a
passing maneuver. — SOLID LINES should not be crossed in a passing maneuver. COLORS —
YELLOW divides oncoming traffic. — WHITE divides same-direction traffic. DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC If
the line on the left of you is YELLOW, the traffic on the other side of the line is moving in the OPPOSITE
direction. When the line on the left of you is WHITE, the traffic is moving in the SAME direction. A solid
white line marks the right edge of many roads. The center marking for roads with four lanes consists of
TWO SOLID YELLOW LINES. The yellow lines tell you the traffic on the other side of the lines is moving
in the opposite direction. You should never cross the two solid yellow lines to pass.

Guide and marking

Is the white center line is used to separate traffic movements on the road. A solid white lines on
both edges of the road means the parking is prohibited.

Type of Markings

 Center line
 Pedestrian line
 Rumble strip

Traffic Control

Traffic control devices are markers, signs and signal devices used to inform, guide
and control traffic, including pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers and bicyclists. These devices
are usually placed adjacent, over or along the highways, roads, trafficfacilities and other public
areas that require traffic control.
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Street lights

A street light, light pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source
of light on the edge of a road or path. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells that
activate automatically when light is or is not needed: dusk, dawn, or the onset of dark weather. This
function in older lighting systems could have been performed with the aid of a solar dial. Many street
light systems are being connected underground instead of wiring from one utility post to another.

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