Scribd
Upload
2K views

Chemistry Notes (Periodic Table)

The periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing proton number. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells, while elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The periodic table shows that as you move down a group, elements have more protons, are larger in size, and have more metallic properties. Group 1 elements are alkali metals that are soft and reactive, group 7 elements are halogens that are colored and reactive, and group 0 elements are noble gases that are unreactive due to having a full valence shell.

Uploaded by

Teo Jia Ming Nickolas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

Chemistry Notes (Periodic Table)

The periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing proton number. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells, while elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The periodic table shows that as you move down a group, elements have more protons, are larger in size, and have more metallic properties. Group 1 elements are alkali metals that are soft and reactive, group 7 elements are halogens that are colored and reactive, and group 0 elements are noble gases that are unreactive due to having a full valence shell.

Uploaded by

Teo Jia Ming Nickolas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

The periodic table

1. Periodic trends
 The Periodic Table is an arrangement of the elements in an order of increasing proton
number
 Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells
o The period number shows the number of electron shells
o As we move left to right, there is a decrease in metallic properties
 Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons
o The group number shows the number of electrons
o The elements have similar chemical properties due to the same valence
electrons
o As we go down a group,
 Proton number increases
 Atoms get bigger
 The elements have more metallic properties, as it is easier to lose
electrons
 The group number of an element shows the number of valence electrons it has.

Group number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
Ionic charge +1 +2 +3 tend to from covalent -2 -1 Do not from
compounds compounds

2. Group properties
 Alkali metals
o They are Group 1 metals.
o They are soft, have low melting and boiling points and low densities
o As we go down the group, the melting and boiling point decreases, while density
generally increases, and reactivity increases
o They are very reactive, due to the ease of losing one valence electron to attain
noble gas configuration.
 They are powerful reducing agents
o They can react with cold water, giving a metal hydroxide and hydrogen
 Intensity of the reaction increases as we use more reactive metals
 Sodium gives a yellow flame, potassium, a lilac flame
 Halogens
o They are Group 7 metals, being non-metals and existing as diatomic molecules
o They have low melting and boiling points, and are coloured
o As we go down the group, melting and boiling points increase, the colour of
halogens becomes darker, and reactivity decreases

Nickolas Teo
o They are very reactive, due to the ease of gaining one electron to achieve noble
gas configuration.
 They are powerful oxidising agents
o The more reactive halogens can displace less reactive halogens from their halide
solutions
 Noble gases
o They are Group 0
o They are monatomic elements, colourless, are insoluble in water, are unreactive
and have low melting and boiling points that increases down the group
o Their valence shell is full, giving them stability, thus they do not lose, gain or
share electrons, causing them to be unreactive.
 They can provide an inert atmosphere (Argon and neon in light bulbs)

Nickolas Teo

You might also like