Manufacturing Sector: Definitions of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
Manufacturing Sector: Definitions of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
In accordance with the provision of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 the Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) are classified in two Classes:
(a) Manufacturing Enterprises- The enterprises engaged in the manufacture or production of goods pertaining to any
industry specified in the first schedule to the industries (Development and regulation) Act, 1951). The Manufacturing
Enterprise are defined in terms of investment in Plant & Machinery.
(b) Service Enterprises: The enterprises engaged in providing or rendering of services and are defined in terms of
investment in equipment.
The limit for investment in plant and machinery / equipment for manufacturing / service enterprises, as notified, vide
S.O. 1642(E) dtd.29-09-2006 are as under:
Manufacturing Sector
Enterprises Investment in plant & machinery
Micro Enterprises Does not exceed twenty five lakh rupees
More than twenty five lakh rupees but does not exceed
Small Enterprises
five crore rupees
More than five crore rupees but does not exceed ten
Medium Enterprises
crore rupees
Service Sector
Enterprises Investment in equipments
Micro Enterprises Does not exceed ten lakh rupees:
More than ten lakh rupees but does not exceed two
Small Enterprises
crore rupees
More than two crore rupees but does not exceed five
Medium Enterprises
core rupees
PROJECT SELECTION
IT ALL BEGINS WITH AN IDEA The overriding reason for anyone to think of establishing a MSME can be
summarised in one word - opportunity. If one sees an opportunity to provide a product or service in a manner to
generate sufficient surplus, then one is on the way to start up a MSME. This is all the more true if one is a believer in
the maxim, "Small is Beautiful". So how does one find the dream opportunity? Opportunities emerge out of ideas that
one comes across by thinking about lives of ones friends and neighbours. This can generate ideas about products
and services that can make things easier, and improve quality of life for people. The ideas thus generated need to be
filtered through an 8 layer sieve to come out with the opportunity that can frutify in your dream of your own MSME.
This model is shown in the following flow:
In a project conceptualisation stage while making a product choice following factors are related to product need to be
considered:
Some other factors that one should consider while finalising the product choice are:
Market information is also important for product selection. Products, which are likely to have a number of players in
the market are best avoided. Some such products in the recent past have been, plastic footwear, audio cassettes,
disposable gloves and bulk drugs. In case the entrepreneur is looking for a product which has export potential, the
following additional questions need to be asked:
Analysis can be conducted using this four dimensional model. The obvious choice is a product which scores a high
rating on first two parameters and low rating on last two parameters.
EXIM (Export Import Bank of India) Bank has also developed an excellent model to conduct the export-product
portfolio analysis based on three parameters viz.
This analysis gives rise to product groups with high potential or low potential. Some high potential areas are:
LEATHER GARMENTS
YARNS AND THREADS
APPAREL - WOVEN AND KNITTED
B & W TV SETS
COSTUME JEWELLERY
With regard to special packaging requirements one has to be careful about laws of the country one is exporting to.
For instance, while exporting to Australia, wooden-packaging cannot be done.
Product adaptations for country's specific needs look into things like whether voltage supply is 220V or 110V for
electric appliances and for automobiles whether left-hand drive or right-hand drive is appropriate.
PROCESS SELECTION Once the product is finalised, choices of process technology emerge. In some complex
products, process know how has to be imported from foreign collaboration. In such cases agreements for technology
transfer should be made with due care to safeguard one's interest. A lot of appropriate technology is being developed
at CSIR and Defense Research Labs and some of this technology can now be bought from: Such indigenously
developed process know how has intrinsic benefits such as appropriateness and relative inexpensiveness. While
checking out on a process technology, the following things need to be considered with utmost care:
Whether process requires very high level of skilled workers or Complex machines?
Whether process requires large quantities of water and/or Power?
The patents requirements need to be looked into in the context of whether any process or product patent need
to be honoured while utilising the selected process technology.
Any special pollution or environmental regulations one is required to honour while using the selected process
technology.
Finally, the appropriateness to the indian environment and conditions.
The Machinery and equipment required for the new/ existing units shall be considered for financing under the
Term Loan (TL) schemeof NSIC upto the maximum limit of Rs. 5 lacs.
ELIGIBILITY
The assistance under this scheme will be limited to new/ existing small scale industries and tiny units including
for expansion/ technological upgradation. The unit is required to submit SSI registration certificate along with
the application. Small-Scale Units which have already taken assistance from NSIC in the past and have a
good track record of timely payment of the dues, may also be considered for sanction of assistance under this
Scheme, even if, they are graduating and moving out of the ambit of Small-Scale Industry. This, however,
shall be decided by the Competent Authority at Head Office on case to case basis.
The 20% margin on financing shall be paid by the unit towards Earnest Money by way of cheque / draft.
However, in case of special equipments viz., photocopiers, US / CT Scanners etc. and other such equipment
having high obsolescence the earnest money shall be 35%.
REPAYMENT PERIOD
The loan in respect of Machinery & Equipment shall be repaid during a period of five / three years in monthly
/ quarterly installments depending upon the internal generations of the project. The interest shall have to be
paid in monthly / quarterly installments as agreed upon by the unit immediately after the disbursement of loan.
GESTATION PERIOD
The gestation period of 6 months to 12 months shall be granted to the existing / new units depending upon
their internal generations.
In case of certain type of machines which become operative immediately on installation in the service sector
industry and job order establishment, a gestation period of only 6 months shall be allowed both to the New
and Exiting Units.
PREMATURE PAYMENT
The Corporation shall have the right to either accept or reject any request from the borrower to make any
premature repayment of loan or any part thereof.
Provided that in case Corporation accepts such request of repayment, the borrower shall give to Corporation
prior notice in writing of at least 30 days and its intention to repay in advance on the due date and pay to the
Corporation, if it so directs, a commitment charge for premature repayment of principal sum or part thereof,
calculated at the rate and in the manner to be decided by the Corporation, whose decision shall be final.
SECURITY
In addition to the first charge on the assets considered for financing, the unit shall have two options for
providing collateral securities in respect of the assistance sanctioned:
Option Security
I) Mortgage of Immovable Property covering the entire value of assistance.
25% Security Deposit and Mortgage of Immovable Property for the remaining value of
II)
assistance.
Personal guarantee of proprietor/ partners of firms and directors of the company shall also be obtained.
RATE OF INTEREST
b) Assistance against the security other than those mentioned above : 17.5% p.a. to 20.50% ( in such cases
high Power Acceptance committee at H.O. is empowered to fix the rate of interest on case to case basis.)
The rate of interest on the delayed payment is enhanced from 2.5% to 3.0% to be changed over and above
the normal rate of interest.
Rebate of 0.5% per annum shall be allowed on the above interest rates in case all installments are paid on or
before the due date by the unit. This rebate for timely payment shall be passed on to the unit at the end of the
repayment period.
DISBURSEMENT OF LOAN
A lump sum processing fee @ 1% shall be charged. The Applicant unit shall pay 25% of this fee along with
the application. The remaining 75% of the fee shall be recovered from the unit after the sanction of the loan
but before the issue of delivery instructions/disbursement of the loan. In case of rejection of proposal, the 25%
fee paid by the unit along with the application shall not be refunded.
INSURANCE
Insurance Charges @ 2% of the credit facility sanctioned shall be recovered in advance from the borrower
towards insurance and the actual insurance charges incurred by the corporation shall be adjusted by it. Any
short fall against the actual amount spent by the Corporation for insurance shall be payable by the borrower.
The insurance cover shall be in the name of the unit with NSIC as beneficiary.
BUILDING
The building should be situated in industrial conforming area or developed by the state corporation etc.
POLLUTION
The unit shall obtain No Objection Certificate from appropriate Pollution Control Board well before
disbursement & commencement of project, wherever required.
The unit shall obtain the requisite power load sanctioned before the first disbursement against the machinery
& equipment. However, in case if the unit wants to have standby arrangement with Generator Set, the
reflection of the same should be in the project report.
APPLICATION FORM
The application for the TL is to be submitted by the party duly signed by the authorised signatory i.e.
Proprietor/Partner/ Director of the firm/ company in duplicate in the prescribed format.
1. The installment of the term loan shall be payable equally at quarterly/monthly rest (as agreed upon) along
with interest due for the quarter/month. Further the unit shall pay to the Corporation interest on loan
advanced/to be advanced at such rate as may be allowed by the Corporation and the revised/enhanced rate
by the Corporation from time to time and made effective by the Corporation with effect from such dates as
may be prescribed by the Corporation.
2. The borrower has to submit post dated cheques of all installments plus interest amount, bearing dates of
each respective quarter/month on which installment falls due and becomes payable. The required undertaking
for encashment of cheques in this regard is to be taken.
3. If any principal and/ or interest due or any part thereof remains unpaid on the dues dates, an additional
penal interest @ 2% p.a. over & above the normal rate applicable shall be charged on defaulted amount and
for the defaulted period with quarterly/monthly rest (as agreed upon).
4. The borrower shall give right to NSIC to enlist its name and particulars as defaulted borrowers on the
website of NSIC in event of defaults.
5. That the unit shall not appropriate the profits unless it has cleared or made a provision for clearance of the
overdue of NSIC's loan and interest etc. thereon.
6. That in case the cash accruals of the unit improve in future, the repayment schedule may be accelerated
accordingly.
That the Corporation shall be at liberty to inspect and check, the books of accounts of the unit and it will render
all help and produce all books of accounts for his explanation from unit.
ARRANGING FINANCE
No MSME can take off without monetary support. This need for finance can be classified into following types:
THE AGENCIES PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE - Financial assistance is available from institutions such as
Nationalised Banks, Small Industries Development Bank of India, Regional Rural Banks, National Small Industries
Corporation, State Financial Corporations etc. depending upon the project requirement and promoters background.
Financial assistance has two components. Loan for fixed capital is used to acquire Plant and Machinery, land and
building. Working capital loan is used to meet day to day operational cost of the production. State Financial Corporation
and National Small Industries Corporation generally provide working capital. However under a package assistance,
State Financial Corporations also provide a composite loan covering plant and machinery and working capital.
THE MOST SUITABLE SOURCE OF FUNDING - Any of the financial institutions can be approached to get funds
keeping in view their specific schemes. Evaluate and compare the terms and conditions, including rate of interest and
repayment period of loan offered by the different financial institutions. Select the financial institution, which offers funds
at minimum interest rate as per your repayment plan to suit your project. Choose the Institution which is in close
proximity to the project site if other terms and conditions are similar.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR GETTING A LOAN - The major eligibility criteria is return on the investment and
profitability of the project proposed to be set up. Any financial institution will support the project if repayment is assured.
ENTREPRENEUR’S INVESTMENT - Some portion of total investment has to be contributed by the Entrepreneur out
of own sources. This is called margin money. Financial Institutions insist on 10 to 25 per cent margin money depending
upon the category of the entrepreneur, risk factor and existing scheme under which the project will be financed. If an
entrepreneur does not have any money of his own, One can arrange for loan for margin money under the scheme
being operated by the State Commissioner/Directorate of Industries or State Bank of India. But this scheme is generally
offered to professionally qualified entrepreneurs. Alternately you may have to prune down the size of your project in
tune with available margin money. The financial institutions will prefer to support an entrepreneur, who is willing to put
his/her own stake to some extent.
PROCEDURE FOR GETTING A LOAN - An entrepreneur should approach the concerned financial institution viz. State
Financial Corporation, NSIC, Bank branches etc. Application in prescribed proformae has to be submitted along with
project report including proof of ownership/availability of land/building, proof of residence, collateral securities (wherever
applicable) etc. The loan is given by the institution if the application meets the norms.The amount of loan can be used
to cover all types of investment required in the project, such as machinery & equipment, and working capital, land and
building. The lending agency for each component of loan may be same or different. The Banks and State Financial
Corporations offer assistance for land/building/shed to certain extent. However, some qualifying parameters have been
laid down by these institutions. In addition, Housing Development Corporation also provides funds for land /building.The
general conditions for getting financial assistance are:
Eligibility criteria
Technical /Economic viability
Promoters contribution
Capacity to repay loan
Collateral securities/guarantee.
SPECIAL SCHEMES - Loan is also offered under some special schemes like P.M.E.G.P which are directed towards
creation of self-employment.
Note:
EM-I has been abolished. Need not file through Udyog Aadhaar.
Udyog Aadhaar (UA) is for running units. No need to apply for upcoming units.
For online Registration of UDYOG AADHAAR, the Entrepreneur has to log
on http://udyogaadhaar.gov.in or for details visit dcmsme.gov.in
1. Aadhaar Number - 12 digit Aadhaar number issued to the applicant should be filled in the appropriate field.
2. Name of Owner- The applicant should fill his/her name strictly as mentioned on the Aadhaar Card issued by
UIDAI. E.g. if Raj Pal Singh has his name as Raj P. Singh, the same should accordingly be entered if the name does
not match with the Aadhar Number, the applicant will not be able to fill the form further.
To Validate Aadhar:-
1. Validate Aadhar- The applicant must click on Validate Aadhaar button for verification of Aadhaar, after that only
user can fill the form further.
2. Reset- The applicant can click on reset button to clear the field of Aadhaar No and Name of the owner for
different Aadhaar.
3. Social Category- The Applicant may select the Social Category (General, Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe or
Other Backward Castes (OBC). The proof of belonging to SC, ST or OBC may be asked by appropriate authority, if
and when required.
4. Name of Enterprise- The Applicant must fill the name by which his/her Enterprise is known to the
customers/public and is a legal entity to conduct business. One applicant can have more than one enterprises doing
business and each one can be registered for a separate Udyog Aadhaar and with the same Aadhaar Number as
Enterprise 1 and Enterprise 2 etc.
5. Type of Organization- The Applicant may select from the given list the appropriate type of the organisation for
his/her enterprise. The Applicant must ensure that he/she is authorised by the legal entity (i.e. enterprise being
registered for Udyog Aadhaar) to fill this online form. Only one Udyog Aadhaar number shall be issued for each
enterprise.
6. Postal Address- The Applicant should fill in the appropriate field the complete postal address of the Enterprise
including State, District, Pin code, Mobile No and Email.
7. Date of Commencement- The date in the past on which the business entity commenced its operations may be
filled in the appropriate field.
8. Previous Registration Details(if any)- If the Applicant's enterprise, for which the Udyog Aadhaar is being applied,
is already issued a valid EM-I/II by the concerned GM (DIC) as per the MSMED Act 2006 or the SSI registration
prevailing prior to the said Act, such number may be mentioned in the appropriate place.
9. Bank Details- The Applicant must provide his/her bank account number used for running the Enterprise in the
appropriate place. The Applicant must also provide the IFS Code of the bank's branch where his/her mentioned
account exists. The IFS code is now a days printed on the Cheque Books issued by the bank. Alternatively, if the
Applicant knows the name of the Bank and the branch where his/her account is there, the IFSC code can be found
from website of the respective Bank.
10. Major Activity- The major activity i.e. either "Manufacturing" or "Service" may be chosen by the enterprise for
Udyog Aadhaar.
11. NIC Code- The Applicant may choose as appropriate National Industrial Classification-2008 (NIC) Code for the
selected "Major Activity". The NIC codes are prepared by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) under the
Ministry of Statistics and Program implementation, Government of India.
12. Person employed- The total number of people who are directly been paid salary/ wages by the enterprise may
be mentioned in the appropriate field.
13. lnvestment in Plant & Machinery / Equipment- While computing the total investment , the original investment (
purchase value of items) is to be taken into account excluding tho cost of pollution control, research and
development, industrial safety devices, and such other items as may be specified, by notification of RBI. If an
enterprise started with a set of plant and machinery purchased in 2008 worth Rs. 70.00 lakh has procured additional
plant and machinery in the year 2013 worth Rs. 65.00 lakh, then the total investment in Plant & Machinery may be
treated as Rs. 135.00 lakh.
14. DIC- The Applicant, based on the location of the Enterprise, has to fill in location of DIC. This Column will be
active and show option only when there are more than one DIC in the district. In fact if there is only one DIC in the
district system will automatically register you in the same DIC.
15. Submit- The Applicant must click on Submit button to generate acknowledgment number.
APPROVAL
Licensing Policy
The major impact of liberalization and globalization of economy, which started in India in July, 1991, was to do away
with the Compulsory Licensing. As of now only FOUR industries are reserved for the Public Sector and only SIX
industries fall under the compulsory licensing, as detailed below:
1. Arms and ammunition and allied items of defence equipment, Defence aircraft and warships.
2. Atomic energy.
3. The substances specified in the scheduled to the notification of the Government of India in the Department of
Atomic Energy number S.O.212(E), dated the 15th March, 1995.
4. Railway transport.
In case of the small units which employ less than 50 workers with power or less than 100 workers without power are
not required to obtain any license under Compulsory Licensing Provisions.
For further details visit website http://indmin.nic.in
OBTAINING CLEARANCES
An entrepreneur has to obtain several clearances or permission depending upon the nature of his unit and products
manufactured. Regulatory or Taxation Clearances
UNIT DEVELOPMENT
PLACE IS EVERYTHING
After one decides the issues of product and process selection one has to answer yet another important question:
what place is one going to set the unit up? For a lot of tiny units and service based units, home is perhaps the
best starting place.
SERVICE ORIENTED BUSINESS TO START FROM HOUSE
However, a modern small scale unit needs to be located at an industrial area or estate where basic infrastructure
facilities are provided. In most cases the location choice is governed by the kind of subsidy and incentive
package offered by the state's industrial development corporation.
However if your unit is more like a retail business (e.g. Fashion garments, Consumer durable) then location is
not of paramount importance.
Other factors that are usually considered while deciding on the locations are :
Proximity to markets
Proximity to source of raw materials
UNIT DEVELOPMENT
Setting up an establishment is much more than putting a sign board up and waiting for customers to walk in. It
requires negotiating a favourable plot or shed purchase, organising for proper construction of building, design
of interiors and finding good deals for equipment and machinery.
Once an industrial plot for the unit is secured, then the next job is that of finding a suitable architect. Design of
factory building has to be in consonance with the type of industry. It should also take care of the requirement of
plant layout.
It should be noted again that an architect's estimate of building construction is essential for loan applications.
Further, architect's certificate for money spent on building is needed for disbursement of loan. After the
construction of building is over the interiors are designed according to the need of specific industry.
Among the utilities of prime importance are power and water. In many cases getting power connection causes
delay in setting up of plant. Therefore it is imperative to commence work on these aspects with diligent follow
up. Power connections are generally of either LT (Low Tension) or HT (High tension) type. If connected load is
upto 75 HP, LT connection is provided. For connected loads of 130 HP or higher only HT connection is provided.
A formal application needs to be made in a specific form to the state electricity board. An electrical inspector is
deputed for evaluation of application to factory site, after which the load is sanctioned. In areas of power
shortage, it is advisable to augment the power supply with a captive generating set.
Water connection is also obtained likewise by applying in advance in formal forms. The water supply can be
augmented by installation of tubewell.
MEN
Projections for manpower and staffing is made in the project report. However it is necessary to time the induction
of manpower in a planned manner. The engineers and operatives must be available before the installation of
the machinery.
MACHINERY
Choosing and ordering of right machinery is also of paramount importance. In many cases technology or
process provides us with specifications which is not adequate, then an extensive techno-economic survey of
machinery and equipment available must be carried out. International trade fairs and engineering fairs are good
places to look at available options. The entrepreneur must also consult experts, dealers / suppliers as well as
users, prior to making a selection of equipment and machinery. The advice of DIC, SISI and NSIC can also be
sought in this regard.
MATERIALS
Materials procurement and planning are critical to success, of a start-up with a MSME unit. Inventory
management can lead to manageable cash flow situations, otherwise if too much is ordered too soon
considerable amount of working capital gets locked up. On the other hand, non-availability may result in
production hold-ups, and idle machine and manpower. For essential imported raw material whose lead time are
large proper planning is all the more essential.
EXPORT PROMOTION
Export Division of MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata organizes 15 days training on Export Management Cum
Packaging Training Programme. The objective of the programme is to motivate the Entrepreneurs on various aspects
of Export policy & procedures, documentation on export, International Marketing, Management, Export Costing,
Custom & Excise rules, Export Finance, Export Packaging, Port Management, WTO, Bar coding system, Internet, E-
commerce, etc. so that, they can set up their own ventures as Exporter.
We provide guidance and motivation to the Small Scale Entrepreneurs for sending exhibits to the various
International Trade Fairs as per notification by the O/o. Development Commissioner (SSI), New Delhi in different
Countries.
we render information on various export promotion schemes as well as provide support for reimbursement relating
to the facility offered by Govt. of India under SSI-Market Development Assistance Scheme for attending various
International Trade Fair/Exhibition. We attend the interested entrepreneurs with their queries related to export trade
besides Market information, trade enquiries and packaging needs
In order to improve the skills of workers engaged in Small Scale industries & to equip them with better technologies of
production, MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata organizes regular training courses in the following technical
trades attached to the Institute.
MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata - Machine shop Practice, Ceramic Pottery, Heat Treatment of Metals,
- Six months, Full Time (Connecting from 1st of March & 1st of Sept. every Year)
- Three months, Full Time for the SDP in Ceramic Pottery conducted at MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata.
Qualification
-Min. 8th standard passed.
Course Fee
- Rs. 600/- for the full course (50% concession for SC/ST Persons)
- Rs. 600/- for full course (50% concession for SC/ST Persons) for the SDP in Ceramic
Pottery conducted at MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata.