1

Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden
fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth's crust, changing
the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying the electrical properties of underground
rocks.

(A) changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying

(B) changing measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and varying

(C) changing the strain as measured across a fault zone, and variations of

(D) changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in

(E) changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variations among
2

The voluminous personal papers of Thomas Alva Edison reveal that his inventions
typically sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works.

(A) sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

(B) sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but were slowly evolved

(C) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

(D) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but had slowly evolved

(E) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but they were slowly evolved
3
There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used
method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying
or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.

(A) the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun
drying, they are laid

(B) forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to
lay them

(C) having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying,
they were laid

(D) to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to
lay them

(E) that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun
drying, were laid
4
While most of the earliest known ball courts in Mesoamerica date to 900–400 B.C., waterlogged
latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on ceramics found at
San Lorenzo attest to the fact that the Mesoamerican ballgame was well established by the mid-
thirteenth century b.c.

(A) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and representations of ballplayers painted on
ceramics found at San Lorenzo attest

(B) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and the painting of representations of ballplayers
on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests

(C) waterlogged latex balls found at El Manati and ceramics painted with representations of
ballplayers found at San Lorenzo attests

(D) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and the painting of representations of
ballplayers on ceramics found at San Lorenzo attests

(E) the finding of waterlogged latex balls at El Manati and of representations of ballplayers
painted on ceramics at San Lorenzo attest
5
One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead
to lowering interest rates, as well as lowering fears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds,
and a weakening of the dollar.

(A) lowering interest rates, as well as lowering fears about inflation,

(B) a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation,

(C) a lowering of interest rates, along with fears about inflation,

(D) interest rates being lowered, along with fears about inflation,

(E) interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered, with
6
Among the objects found in the excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by
supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea's aid in healing physical and mental
ills or thanking her for such help.

(A) in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help

(B) in healing physical and mental ills and to thank her for helping

(C) in healing physical and mental ills, and thanking her for helping

(D) to heal physical and mental ills or to thank her for such help

(E) to heal physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help
7
The North American moose's long legs enable it to move quickly through the woods, stepping
easily over downed trees, but predators pursuing it must leap or go around them.

(A) moose's long legs enable it to move quickly through the woods, stepping easily over downed
trees, but predators pursuing it must leap or go around them

(B) moose's long legs enable it to move quickly through the woods, stepping easily over downed
trees while predators pursuing them must leap or go around

(C) moose's long legs enable it to move quickly through the woods and to step easily over
downed trees, but predators pursuing them must leap over or go around them

(D) moose has long legs, enabling it to move quickly through the woods and to step easily over
downed trees while predators pursuing them must leap or go around

(E) moose has long legs that enable it to move quickly through the woods, stepping easily over
downed trees while predators pursuing it must leap over or go around them
8
In her presentation, the head of the Better Business Bureau emphasized that companies should
think of the cost of conventions and other similar gatherings as not an expense, but as an
investment in networking that will pay dividends.

(A) as not an expense, but as

(B) as not expense, but

(C) not an expense, rather

(D) not as an expense, but as

(E) not in terms of expense, but

9
The foundation works to strengthen local and regional agricultural markets and cooperating with
governments, improving access for farmers for productive resources such as land and credit.

(A) cooperating with governments, improving access for farmers for

(B) cooperates with governments to improve access for farmers to

(C) cooperate with governments for improvements of access for farmers to

(D) cooperate with governments and improve accessibility for farmers for their

(E) in cooperation with governments to improve access for farmers for

10
Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to
draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three
times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
 
(A) 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become
 
(B) 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become
 
(C) 22, and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being
 
(D) 22, injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she was
 
(E) 22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being
11
With the patience of its customers and with its network strained to the breaking point, the on-
line service company announced a series of new initiatives trying to relieve the congestion that
has led to at least four class-action lawsuits and thousands of complaints from frustrated
customers.

(A) the patience of its customers and with its network strained to the breaking point, the on-line
service company announced a series of new initiatives trying to relieve

(B) the patience of its customers and its network strained to the breaking point, the on-line
service company announced a series of new initiatives that try to relieve

(C) its network and the patience of its customers strained to the breaking point, the on-line
service company announced a series of new initiatives to try to relieve

(D) its network and with the patience of its customers strained to the breaking point, the on-line
service company announced a series of initiatives to try relieving

(E) its network and its customers’ patience strained to the breaking point, the on-line service
company announced a series of new initiatives to try relieving
12
Sartre, an inadvertent guru, had an opinion on everything, painfully considered, elaborately
reasoned, often changed.

(A) often changed

(B) and it was usually changed

(C) that was often changed

(D) changing often

(E) one he often changed

13
Self-compassion is made up of mindfulness, the ability to manage thoughts and emotions
without being carried away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the
suffering of others, and self-kindness, a recognition of your own suffering and a commitment to
solving the problem.

(A) away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,

(B) away, or repression of them, and common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of
others,

(C) away, or repressing them, common humanity, empathy with the suffering of others;

(D) away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the suffering of others;

(E) away or repress them; common humanity, to empathize with the suffering of others
14
The largest of all the planets, not only is Jupiter three times so massive as Saturn, the next
larger planet, but also possesses four of the largest satellites, or moons, in our solar system.
 
(A) not only is Jupiter three times so massive as Saturn, the next larger
 
(B) not only is Jupiter three times as massive as Saturn, the next largest
 
(C) Jupiter, not only three times as massive as Saturn, the next largest
 
(D) Jupiter not only is three times as massive as Saturn, the next largest
 
(E) Jupiter is not only three times so massive as Saturn, the next larger
15
Ryunosuke Akutagawa‘s knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and that of Japan were
instrumental in his development as a writer, informing his literary style as much as the content
of his fiction.

(A) that of Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing his literary style as
much as

(B) that of Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, and it informed his literary
style as well as

(C) Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style and

(D) Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, as it informed his literary style as
much as

(E) Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style in
addition to
16
At the end of 2001, motion picture industry representatives said that there were about a million
copies of Hollywood movies available online and expected piracy to increase with high-speed
Internet connections that become more widely available.

(A) online and expected piracy to increase with high-speed Internet connections that become
more widely available

(B) online and expect the increase of piracy with the wider availability of high-speed Internet
connections

(C) online, and they expect more piracy to increase with the wider availability of high-speed
Internet connections

(D) online, and that they expected the increase of piracy as high-speed Internet connections
would become more widely available

(E) online, and that they expected piracy to increase as high-speed Internet connections became
more widely available
17
Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the
use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally
distributed among rich and poor.

(A) do some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the
courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(B) some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts,
which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between

(C) do some litigants have a preferred status over another in the use of a public resource, the
courts, in theory available to all but in fact are unequally distributed among

(D) some litigants have a preferred status to another in the use of a public resource, the courts,
in theory available to all but in fact not equally distributed between

(E) does one litigant have a preferred status over the other in the use of a public resource, the
courts, in theory available to all but in fact they are not equally distributed among
18
The prime lending rate is a key rate in the economy: not only are the interest rates on most
loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on a growing number of
consumer loans, including home equity loans.

(A) not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to
the prime, but also on

(B) tied to the prime are the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized
businesses, but also on

(C) the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to
the prime, but also

(D) not only the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to
the prime, but also on

(E) the interest rates are tied to the prime, not only on most loans to small and medium-sized
businesses, but also
19
Over the next few years, increasing demands on the Chattahoochee River, which flows into the
Apalachicola River, could alter the saline content of Apalachicola Bay, which would rob the
oysters there of their flavor, and to make them decrease in size, less distinctive, and less in
demand.

(A) which would rob the oysters there of their flavor, and to make them decrease in size,

(B) and it would rob the oysters there of their flavor, make them smaller,

(C) and rob the oysters there of their flavor, making them decrease in size,

(D) robbing the oysters there of their flavor and making them smaller,

(E) robbing the oysters there of their flavor, and making them decrease in size,
20
In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to
visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to
such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.

(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from
the stone was crystallizing

(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt
from the stone would crystallize

(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels
such that salt from the stone would crystallize

(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels
so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize

(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that
salt from the stone was crystallizing