UNIT 1: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS 

Evolution of computers; Basics of computer and its operation: Functional Components and their interconnections, 
concept of Booting.                                

                                        Class XI (Theory) 
Duration: 3 hours                                                        Total Marks: 70 
Unit No.    Unit Name                                                      Marks 
1.           COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS                                10 
2.           PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY                           10 
3.           INTRODUCTION TO C++                                        15 
4.           PROGRAMMING IN C++                                         35 
                                                                                          70 

Software Concepts: 
Types of Software – System Software, Utility Software and
Application Software; 
System Software: Operating System, Compilers, Interpreters and
Assembler; 
Utility Software : Anti Virus, File Management tools, Compression
tools and Disk Management tools (Disk Cleanup,Disk Defragmenter,
Backup); 
Application Software as a tool: Word Processor, Presentation tools,
Spreadsheet Package, Database Management System; Business
software (for example: School Management System, Inventory
Management System, Payroll System, Financial Accounting, Hotel
Management, and Reservation System); 
Operating System : Need for operating system, Functions of
Operating System (Processor Management, Memory Management,
File Management and Device Management), Types of operating
system – Interactive (GUI based), Time Sharing, Real Time and
Distributed; Commonly used operating systems: LINUX, Windows,
BhartiOO, Solaris, UNIX;

Illustration and practice of the following tasks using any one of the above Operating Systems: 
• Opening / Closing Windows 
• Creating / Moving / Deleting Files / Folders 
• Renaming Files / Folders 
• Switching between Tasks

Number System : Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal and conversion between two different number systems; 
Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), and
UNICODE;

Microprocessor : Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit processors; Types – CISC, RISC; 
Memory Concepts : 
Units : Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte 
Primary Memory : Cache, RAM, ROM, 
Secondary Memory : Hard Disk Drive, CD / DVD Drive, Pen Drive, Blue Ray Disk; 
Input Output Ports / Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 Port, Infrared port, Bluetooth.
UNIT 2: PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY 
General Concepts; Modular approach; Clarity and Simplicity of Expressions, Use of proper Names for identifiers,
Comments, Indentation; Documentation and Program Maintenance; Running and Debugging programs, Syntax Errors,
Run-Time Errors, Logical Errors;

Problem Solving Methodology and Techniques: Understanding of the problem, Identifying minimum number of inputs
required for output, Step by step solution for the problem, breaking down solution into simple steps, Identification of
arithmetic and logical operations required for solution, Using Control Structure: Conditional control and looping (finite and
infinite);

UNIT 3: INTRODUCTION TO C++ 

Getting Started: 
C++ character set, C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators), Structure of a C++ Program (include files,
main function); Header files – iostream.h, iomanip.h; cout, cin; Use of I/O operators (<< and >>), Use of endl and setw(),
Cascading of I/O operators, Error Messages; Use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution;
standard input/output operations from C language: gets(), puts() of stdio.h header file;

Data Types, Variables and Constants: 

Concept of Data types; Built-in Data types: char, int, float and double; Constants: Integer Constants, Character Constants
(Backslash character constants – \n, \t ), Floating Point Constants, String Constants; Access modifier: const; Variables of
built-in data types, Declaration/ Initialisation of variables, Assignment statement; Type modifier: signed, unsigned, long;

Operators and Expressions: 

Operators: Arithmetic operators (-,+,*,/,%), Unary operator (-), Increment and Decrement  Operators (—,++), Relational
operators (>,>=,<,<=,==,!=), Logical operators (!, &&, ||), Conditional operator: <condition>?<if true>:<else>;
Precedence of Operators; Expressions; Automatic type conversion in expressions, Type casting; C++ shorthand’s (+=, -=,
*=, /=, 
%=);

UNIT 4: PROGRAMMING IN C++ 

Flow of control: 
Conditional statements: if-else, Nested if, switch..case..default, Nested switch..case, break statement (to be used in
switch..case only); Loops: while, do – while , for and Nested loops; 
String Functions: 
Header File: string.h 
Function: isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), tolower(), toupper(); 
Character Functions: 
Header File: ctype.h 
Functions: isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), tolower(), toupper(), strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp(),
strcmpi(); 
Mathematical Functions: Header File-math.h, stdlib.h; 
Functions: fabs(), log(), log10(), pow(), sqrt(), sin(), cos(), abs().

Other Functions: 
Header File- stdlib.h; 
Functions: randomize(), random(); 
User Defined Functions: 
Defining a function; function prototype, Invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to function, specifying argument
data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value, call by reference, returning values from a function, calling
functions with arrays, scope rules of functions and variables;local and global variables;

Structured Data Type: Array Declaratrion/initialisation of One-dimensional array, Inputting array elements, Accessing
array elements, Manipulation of Array elements (sum of elements, product of elements, average of elements, linear
search, finding maximum/minimum value); Declaration/Initialization of a String, string manipulations (counting
vowels/consonants/digits/ special characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string);

Two-dimensional Array : 
Declaration/initialization of a two-dimensional array, inputting arry elements Accessing array elements, Manipulation of
Array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal elements, finding maximum/minimum values); 
User-defined Data Types 
Need for User defined data type: 
Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a m acro using #define directive; 
Structures: 
Defining a Structure, Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure elements, Passing structure of Functions as value
and reference argument/parameter, Function returning structure, Array of structures, passing an array of structure as an
argument/ a parameter to a function.
                                     Class XI (Practical)

Duration: 3 hours                                              Total Marks: 30

1. Programming in C++                                                              10 

One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the examination. Marks are allotted on
the basis of following: 
Logic :                                                                                 5 Marks 
Documentation/Indentation :                                           2 Marks 
Output presentation :                                                        3 Marks

2. Project Work                                                                        10 

Problems related to String, Number and Array manipulation; 
General Guidelines : Initial Requirement, developing an interface for user (it is advised to use text based interface
screen), developing logic for playing the game and developing logic for scoring points 
1. Memory Game : A number guessing game with application of 2 dimensional arrays containing randomly generated
numbers in pairs hidden inside boxes. 
2. Cross ‘N Knots Game : A regular tic-tac-toe game 
3. Hollywood/Hangman: A word Guessing game 
4. Cows ‘N Bulls : A word/number Guessing game

Similar projects may be undertaken in other domains (As mentioned in general guidelines for projects, given at the end of
the curriculum in a group of 1-2 students)

3. Practical File                                                                        05 

Must have minimum 15 programs from the topics covered in class XI course. 
              • 5 Programs on Control structures 
              • 4 Programs on Array Manipulations 
              • 4 Programs on String Manipulations 
              • 2 Programs on structure manipulations

4. Viva Voce                                                                             05 

Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class XI and the project developed by student.

                                        Class XII (Theory) 

Duration: 3 hours                                                        Total Marks: 70 
Unit No.    Unit Name                                                      Marks 
1.           PROGRAMMING IN C++                                         30 
2.           DATA STRUCTURE                                               14 
3.           DATABASE AND SQL                                             8 
4.           BOOLEAN ALGEBRA                                               8

5.           COMMUNICATION AND OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS 10 

                                                                                          70 

UNIT 1: PROGRAMMING IN C++ 

REVIEW: C++ covered In Class -XI, 
Object Oriented Programming: 
Concept of Object Oriented Programming – Data hiding, Data encapsulation, Class and Object, Abstract class and Concrete
class, Polymorphism (Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++); Inheritance,
Advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming methodologies, Implementation of Object Oriented
Programming concepts in C++: 
Definition of a class, Members of a class – Data Members and Member Functions (methods), Using Private and Public
visibility modes, default visibility mode (private); Member function definition: inside class definition and outside class
definition using scope resolution operator (::); Declaration of objects as instances of a class; accessing members from
object(s), Array of type class, Objects as function arguments – pass by value and pass by reference;

Constructor and Destructor: 

Constructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and Definition of a constructor, Default Constructor, Overloaded
Constructors, Copy Constructor, Constructor with default arguments; 
Destructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and definition of destructor; Inheritance (Extending Classes): 
Concept of Inheritance, Base Class, Derived Class, Defining derived classes, protected visibility mode; Single level
inheritance, Multilevel inheritance and Multiple inheritance, Privately derived, Publicly derived and Protectedly derived
class, accessibility of members from objects and within derived class(es);
Data File Handling: 
Need for a data file, Types of data files – Text file and Binary file; 
Text File: Basic file operations on text file: Creating/Writing text into file, Reading and manipulation of text from an
already existing text File (accessing sequentially);

Binary File: Creation of file, Writing data into file, Searching for required data from file, Appending data to a file, Insertion
of data in sorted file, Deletion of data from file, Modification of data in a file; 
Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in C++; 
Components of C++ to be used with file handling: 
Header file: fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, fstream classes; 
Opening a text file in in, out, and app modes; 
Using cascading operators for writing text to the file and reading text from the file; open(), get(), put(), getline() and
close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function); Opening a binary file using in, out, and app
modes; open(), read(), write() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof()function); tellg(),
tellp(), seekg(), seekp() functions

Pointers: 
Declaration and Initialization of Pointers; Dynamic memory allocation/deallocation operators: new, delete; Pointers and
Arrays: Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (1 dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and
use of alias; Function call by reference. Pointer to structures: Deference operator: *, ->; self referencial structures;

UNIT 2: DATA STRUCTURES 

Arrays: 
One and two Dimensional arrays: Sequential allocation and address calculation; One dimensional array: Traversal,
Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element in an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting
(Insertion, Selection, Bubble sort), concatenation of two linear arrays, merging of two sorted arrays; Two-dimensional
arrays: Traversal, Finding sum/difference of two NxM arrays containing numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column
elements in a two dimensional array; 
Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack): Operations on Stack (PUSH and POP) and its Implementation in C++,
Converting expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX notation and evaluation of Postfix expression; 
Queue: (Circular Array and Linked Implementation): Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete) and its Implementation in
C++.

UNIT 3: DATABASES AND SQL 

Database Concepts: 
Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate key, candidate key; 
Relational algebra: Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian product; 
Structured Query Language: 
General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language;

Data types: NUMBER, CHARACTER, DATE; 

SQL commands: 
CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE…SET…, INSERT, DELETE; SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN,
BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY; SQL functions: SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX and MIN; 
Note: Implementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported software on one or two
tables.

UNIT 4: BOOLEAN ALGEBRA 

Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT; Truth Tables;
Closure Property, Commutative Law, Associative Law, Identity law, Inverse law, Principle of Duality, Idem potent Law,
Distributive Law, Absorption Law, Involution law, DeMorgan’s Law and their applications; Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP)
and Product of Sum (POS) form from the Truth Table, Reducing Boolean Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form,
Use of Karnaugh Map for minimisation of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables); 
Basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR) and their use in circuits.

UNIT 5: COMMUNICATION AND OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS 

Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace; Different ways of sending data across the network with reference
to switching techniques; Data Communication terminologies: 
Concept of Channel, Baud, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps);

Transmission media: 
Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link. 
Network devices: 
Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Hub, Switch, Gateway; 
Network Topologies and types: 
Bus, Star, Tree; Concepts of LAN, WAN, MAN 
Network Protocol: 
TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, Level-Remote Login (Telnet), Internet, Wireless/ Mobile Communication, GSM,
CDMA, WLL, 3G, SMS, Voice mail, Application Electronic Mail, Chat, Video Conferencing; 
Network Security Concepts: 
Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall; India IT Act,
Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, Hacking. 
Web Servers: 
Hyper Text Markup Lanuage (HTML), extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain
Names; URL; Protocol Address; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB script,
Java Script, PHP) and Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP) 
Open Source Terminologies: 
Open Source Software, Freeware, Shareware, Proprietary software, FLOSS, GNU, FSF, OSI;

                                     Class XII (Practical)

Duration: 3 hours                                              Total Marks: 30

1. Programming in C++                                                                       10 

One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the examination. Marks are allotted on
the basis of following: 
Logic :                                                                                                  5 Marks 
Documentation/Indentation :                                                              2 Marks 
Output presentation :                                                                          3 Marks 
Notes: The types of problems to be given will be of application type from the following topics 
          Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional) 
          Array of structure 
          Stack using arrays and linked implementation 
          Queue using arrays (circular) and linked implementation 
          Binary File operations (Creation, Displaying, Searching and modification) 
          Text File operations (Creation, Displaying and modification)

2. SQL Commands                                                                                05 

Five Query questions based on a particular Table/Reaction to be tested practically on Computer during the examination.
The command along with the result must be written in the answer sheet.

3. Project Work                                                                                   05 

The project has to be developed in C++ language with Object Oriented Technology and also should have use of Data files.
(The project is required to be developed in a group of 1-2 students) 
       Presentation on the computer 
       Project report (Listing, Sample, Outputs, Documentation) 
       Viva

4. Practical File                                                                                  05 

Must have minimum 20 programs from the following topics 
       Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional, sorting, searching, merging, deletion’& insertion of elements) 
       Arrays of structures, Arrays of Objects 
       Stacks using arrays and linked implementation 
       Queues using arrays (linear and circular) and linked implementation 
       File (Binary and Text) operations (Creation, Updation, Query) 
       Any computational based problems

15 SQL commands along with the output based on any table/relation:    3 Marks

5. Viva Voce                                                                                        05 

Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class XII and the project developed by student.

GUIDELINES FOR PROJECTS (Class XI and XII) 

1. Preamble 
1.1 The academic course in Computer Science includes one Project in each year. The Purpose behind this is to consolidate
the concepts and practices imparted during the course and to serve as a record of competence. 
1.2 A group of two students/three students as team may be allowed to work on one project.
2. Project content 
2.1 Project for class XI can be selected from the topics mentioned in syllabus or domains on the similar lines. 
2.2 Project for class XII should ensure the coverage of following areas of curriculum: 
       a. Problem Solving 
       b. Data Structure 
       c. Object Oriented Programming in C++ 
       d. Data File Handling 
Theme of the project can be 
      Any subsystem of a System Software or Tool 
      Any Scientific or a fairly complex algorithmic situation. 
      Business oriented problems like Banking, Library information system, Hotel or 
Hospital management system, Transport query system 
      Quizzes/Games; 
      Tutor/Computer Aided Learning Systems 
2.3 The aim of the project is to highlight the abilities of algorithmic formulation, modular programming, optimized code
preparation, systematic documentation and other associated aspects of Software Development. 
2.4 The assessment would be through the project demonstration and the Project Report, which should portray
Programming Style, Structured Design, Minimum Coupling, High Cohesion, Good documentation of the code to ensure
readability and ease of maintenance. 
Suggested Reference Books 
Computer Organisation and Boolean Algebra 
1. Rajaraman, FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India. 
2. Peter Norton, INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill 
3. J. Shelly & Roger Hunt, COMPUTER STUDIES, Wheeler’s Publication. 
4. C.S. French, COMPUTER STUDIES, Arnold Publishers. 
5. Thomas C. Bartee, DIGITAL COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS, McGraw Hill International.

Problem Solving and Programming in C++ 

Note: Prior knowledge of C is not required in the learning of C++, eventhough reference about C are made in some of the
books. 
1. Robert Lofore, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN TURBO C++, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd. 
2. David Parsons, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++, BPB Publications. 
3. Bjarne Stroutrup, THE C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUGE, Adison Wesley.

Data Structures 
1. M.A. Weiss, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++. the Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Inc. 
2. Scott Rober Ladd, C++ COMPONENTS AND ALGORITHMS, BPB Publications. 
3. Sartaj & Sahni, Fundamentals of Data Structure, Galgotia Book Source

Database Management System and SQL 

1. C.J. Data, DATABASE PRIMER, Adison Wesley. 
2. Martin Gruber, UNDERSTANDING SQL, BPB Publications. 
3. Sheldon M. Dunn x Base Cross Reference Handbook, First Authorised Asian Edition 93, Tech. Publications Pvt. Ltd.