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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME8594 - DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
Multiple choice questions with answers
UNIT I FORCE ANALYSIS
1) Which of the following is incorrect regarding inertia force?
a) Imaginary force
b) Acts upon a rigid body
c) Brings the body to equilibrium
d) Same direction as of accelerating force

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Answer: d
Explanation: The inertia force is an imaginary force, which on acting upon a rigid body has a

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tendency to bring it in an equilibrium position. Numerically it is equal to the magnitude of
accelerating force, but the direction of this force is opposite.
2) D-Alembert’s principle is used for which of the following?

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a) Change static problem into a dynamic problem
b) Change dynamic problem to static problem
c) To calculate moment of inertia of rigid bodies

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d) To calculate angular momentum of a system of masses
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Answer: b
Explanation: D-Alembert’s principle states that the resultant force acting on a body together
with the reversed effective force (or inertia force), are in equilibrium. This principle is used to
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reduce a dynamic problem into an equivalent static problem.

3) In the expression F – m.a = 0, the term – m.a is called _______
a) Reversed effective force
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b) Net force
c) Coriolis force
d) Resultant force
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Answer: a
Explanation: If the quantity m.a is treated as another force with same line of action as the net
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force, then the body could be assumed to be in static equilibrium. This force is known as
Reversed effective force.
4) Why the inertia torque acts in the opposite direction to the accelerating couple?
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a) Bring the body in equilibrium

b) To reduce the accelerating torque
c) Acts as a constraint torque
d) Increase the linear acceleration

Answer: a
Explanation: The inertia torque is an imaginary torque, which when applied upon the rigid body,
brings it in equilibrium position. It is equal to the accelerating couple in magnitude but opposite
in direction.

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5) A body remains in equilibrium if ________
a) Inertia force is applied in the same direction to the resultant force
b) Inertia force is applied in the direction opposite to the resultant force
c) Inertia force is applied in the direction Perpendicular to the resultant force
d) Inertia force is applied in the direction Parallel to the resultant force

Answer: b
Explanation: Inertia force is an imaginary force which tends to act in the direction opposite to
the resultant force to bring the body in equilibrium. Numerically it is equal to the magnitude of

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accelerating force.
6) Inertia force and the reversed effective force are the same.
a) True

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b) False

Answer: a

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Explanation: The net force m.a is taken as another force acting in the opposite direction to the
applied resultant force and is known as inertia force or reversed effective force.
7) Force which does not act on the connecting rod is ______
a) Weight of connecting rod
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b) Inertia force of connecting rod
c) Radial force
d) Coriolis force
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Answer: d
Explanation: Since there is no accelerated frame of reference having different velocities,
therefore coriolis force does not act on the connecting rod.
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8) Inertia forces on the reciprocating parts acts along the line of stroke.
a) True
b) False
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Answer: a
Explanation: The reciprocating parts of the engine experience an Inertia force of magnitude
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m.ω2.r(cosθ + cos2θ/n), this inertia force acts along the line of stroke.
9) When mass of the reciprocating parts is neglected then the inertia force is _____
a) Maximum
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b) Minimum
c) 0
d) Not defined

Answer: c
Explanation: Inertia force for neglected mass of reciprocating parts is 0 as it depends on the
mass, since it has a value, it is defined.
10) For a steam engine, the following data is given:
Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of

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reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m ;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an
axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m. calculate inertia force at θ=30 degrees from IDC.
a) 19000 N
b) 19064 N
c) 19032 N
d) 20064 N

Answer: b

.in
Explanation: l1 = l – G.C = 1.5 – 0.5 = 1m
Fi = (Mr + G.C,Mc/l).ω2.r(cosθ + cos2θ/n)
Mr=300 Kg

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Mc=250 kg
ω=13.1 rad/s r=0.3m
substituting these values will give Fi = 19064 N.

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11) Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an

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axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
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Find the equivalent length L of a simple pendulum swung about an axis.
a) 1.35 m
b) 1.42 m
c) 1.48 m
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d) 1.50 m

Answer: b
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Explanation: We know that equivalent length L is given by the expression

L = (Kg2 + l12)/l1
Kg = 0.65m l1 = 1m
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therefore L = 1.42 m.
12) From the data given:
Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
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reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m ;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an
axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
ww

Find the correcting couple in N-m?

a) 52.7
b) 49.5
c) 59.5
d)56.5

Answer: c
Explanation: The correction couple depends on equivalent length, l1 mass of connecting rod and
angular position and velocity

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Tc = Mc.l1.(l-L).(ω2.sin2θ/2n2)
substituting the values into the equation results in
Tc = 59.5 N-m.
13) Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an
axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
Find angular acceleration of connecting rod in rad/s2.
a) 16.782

.in
b) 17.824
c) 15.142
d) 17.161

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Answer: b
Explanation: α = -ω2.sinθ/n

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= 13.12.sin3θ/5
= 17.161 rad/s2.
14) Torque due to weight of the connecting rod affects the torque due to connecting rod.
a) True
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b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The torque due to connecting rod remains same irrespective of the torque caused
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by the weight of the connecting rod.

15) The net force acting on the crosshead pin is known as __________
a) Crank pin effort
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b) Crank effort
c) Piston effort
d) Shaft effort
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Answer: c
Explanation: Crank pin effort is the force acting along the direction perpendicular to the crank.
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Crank effort is the torque acting on the crank, piston effort is the force acting on the piston or
the crosshead pin.
16) Piston effort acts along the line of stroke.
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a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Piston effort is the force acting along the line of action of the stroke on the
crosshead pin or the piston.
17) In a horizontal engine, reciprocating parts are accelerated when the piston moves from _______
a) TDC to BDC
b) BDC to TDC

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c) Midway to TDC
d) BDC to midway

Answer: a
Explanation: The reciprocating parts of a horizontal engine are accelerated during the period
when the piston moves from inner dead center to outer dead center.
18) In a horizontal engine, reciprocating parts are retarded when the piston moves from _________
a) TDC to BDC
b) BDC to TDC

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c) Midway to TDC
d) BDC to midway

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Answer: b
Explanation: The reciprocating parts of a horizontal engine are accelerated during the latter half
of the stroke, i.e when the piston moves from inner dead center to outer dead center and

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retards when the piston moves from outer dead center to inner dead center.
19) When the piston is accelerated, the piston effort is given by which of the following the
equation?
a) F(L) – F(I)
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b) F(L) + F(I)
c) F(L) ± F(I)
d) F(L) – F(I) + R(f)
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Answer: b
Explanation: During acceleration, piston effort is the sum total of the net load on piston and
inertia forcer. The presence of resistance force also effects the expression.
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20) In the presence of frictional resistance, the expression for piston effort is _________
a) F(L) – F(I)
b) F(L) + F(I)
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c) F(L) ± F(I) – R(f)

d) F(L) – F(I) + R(f)
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Answer: c
Explanation: Piston effort depends on the net piston load and inertia force, in presence of
frictional resistance and additional term of R(f) is subtracted from the overall expression.
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21) Crank effort is the product of crank pin radius and _______
a) Thrust on sides
b) Crankpin effort
c) Force acting along connecting rod
d) Piston effort

Answer: b
Explanation: Crank effort also known as turning moment or torque on the crank shaft is the

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product of the crankpin effort a.k.a FT and the crank pin radius a.k.a r. It is applied at crank pin
perpendicular to the crank.
22) In a horizontal engine, the weight of the reciprocating parts also add/subtract to the piston
effort.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The weight of the reciprocating parts of the engine add or subtract to the piston

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effort only in a vertical engine and it depends on the motion of the piston.
23) For the given data of an Internal combustion engine : Mass of parts = 180 kg bore = 175 mm,
length of stroke = 200 mm, engine speed = 500 r.p.m., length of connecting rod = 400 mm and

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crank angle = 60° from T.D.C, find the inertia force.
a) 17.56 N
b) 19.2 N

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c) 18.53 N
d) 18.00 N

Answer: c
e
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Explanation: Ratio of length of connecting rod and crank n = l/r = 2*200/(200÷2) = 4,
We know that inertia force is m.ω2.r(cosθ + cos2θ/ n)
inserting values will give F = 18.53 N.
24) The crank-pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300 mm. The mass of the reciprocating parts
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is 250 kg. When the crank has travelled 30° from T.D.C., the difference between the driving and
the back pressures is 0.45 N/mm2. The connecting rod length between centres is 1.2 m and the
cylinder bore is 0.5 m. If the engine runs at 250 r.p.m. and if the effect of piston rod diameter is
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neglected, calculate the net load on piston.

a) 88000 N
b) 90560 N
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c) 78036 N
d) 88357 N
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Answer: d
Explanation: Net piston load is given by F(l) = (p1-p2)πD2÷4
p1-p2 = 0.45 N/mm2
ww

D = 500 mm
Therefore F(l) = 88357 N.
25) From the data given:
crank-pin circle radius = 300mm
mass of the reciprocating parts = 250kg
difference between the driving and the back pressures is 0.45 N/mm2
The connecting rod length between centres is 1.2 m and the cylinder bore is 0.5 m.
engine runs at 250 r.p.m & 30° from T.D.C.
Find the piston effort.

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a) 32.4 kN
b) 35.2 kN
c) 37.3 kN
d) 40.2 N

Answer: c
Explanation: Net piston load is given by F(l) = (p1-p2)πD2÷4
Fp = Fl – Fi
Fi = m.ω2.r(cosθ + cos2θ/n)

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= 51020 N
Therefore, Fp = 37.3 kN.
26) Correction couple is applied when masses are placed arbitrarily and to maintain _________

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a) Static equilibrium
b) Dynamic equilibrium
c) Stable equilibrium

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d) Unstable equilibrium

Answer: b

e
Explanation: Difference between the torques required to accelerate the two-mass system and
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the torque required to accelerate the rigid body is called correction couple and this couple must
be applied, when the masses are placed arbitrarily to make the system dynamical equivalent.
27) Force which does not act on the connecting rod is ______
a) Weight of connecting rod
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b) Inertia force of connecting rod

c) Radial force
d) Coriolis force
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Answer: d
Explanation: Since there is no accelerated frame of reference having different velocities,
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therefore coriolis force does not act on the connecting rod.

28) Inertia forces on the reciprocating parts acts along the line of stroke.
a) True
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b) False

Answer: a
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Explanation: The reciprocating parts of the engine experience an Inertia force of magnitude
m.ω2.r(cosθ + cos2θ/n), this inertia force acts along the line of stroke.
29) When mass of the reciprocating parts is neglected then the inertia force is _____
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) 0
d) Not defined

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Answer: c
Explanation: Inertia force for neglected mass of reciprocating parts is 0 as it depends on the
mass, since it has a value, it is defined.
30) For a steam engine, the following data is given:
Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m ;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an
axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
calculate inertia force at θ=30 degrees from IDC.

.in
a) 19000 N
b) 19064 N
c) 19032 N

ng
d) 20064 N

Answer: b

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Explanation: l1 = l – G.C = 1.5 – 0.5 = 1m
Fi = (Mr + G.C,Mc/l).ω2.r(cosθ + cos2θ/n)
Mr=300 Kg
Mc=250 kg
e
gin
ω=13.1 rad/s r=0.3m
substituting these values will give Fi = 19064 N.
31) Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m;
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centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an
axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
Find the equivalent length L of a simple pendulum swung about an axis.
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a) 1.35 m
b) 1.42 m
c) 1.48 m
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d) 1.50 m

Answer: b
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Explanation: We know that equivalent length L is given by the expression

L = (Kg2 + l12)/l1
Kg = 0.65m l1 = 1m
ww

therefore L = 1.42 m.
32) From the data given:
Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m ;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an
axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
Find the correcting couple in N-m?
a) 52.7
b) 49.5

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c) 59.5
d)56.5

Answer: c
Explanation: The correction couple depends on equivalent length, l1 mass of connecting rod and
angular position and velocity
Tc = Mc.l1.(l-L).(ω2.sin2θ/2n2)
substituting the values into the equation results in
Tc = 59.5 N-m.

.in
33) Piston diameter = 0.24 m, length of stroke = 0.6 m, length of connecting rod = 1.5 m, mass of
reciprocating parts = 300 kg, mass of connecting rod = 250 kg; speed of rotation = 125 r.p.m;
centre of gravity of connecting rod from crank pin = 0.5 m ; Kg of the connecting rod about an

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axis through the centre of gravity = 0.65 m
Find angular acceleration of connecting rod in rad/s2.
a) 16.782

eri
b) 17.824
c) 15.142
d) 17.161

e
gin
Answer: b
Explanation: α = -ω2.sinθ/n
= 13.12.sin3θ/5
= 17.161 rad/s2.
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34) Torque due to weight of the connecting rod affects the torque due to connecting rod.
a) True
b) False
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Answer: b
Explanation: The torque due to connecting rod remains same irrespective of the torque caused
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by the weight of the connecting rod.

35) Turning moment is maximum when the crank angle is 90 degrees.

w.

a) True
b) False
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Answer: a
Explanation: Referring the turning moment diagram for a single cylinder double acting steam
engine, the minimum values occur at 0, 180 and 360 degrees and maximum values occur at 90
and 270 degrees.

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36) In the figure given below, the quantity represented by the arrow is known as ___________

.in
ng
e eri
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a) Maximum Torque
b) Minimum Torque
c) Maximum Force
d) Mean resisting torque
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Answer: d
Explanation: In a turning moment diagram given above, the line pointed out by the arrow is the
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value of mean torque and hence it is called mean resisting torque.

37) When engine torque is more than mean resisting torque, then the flywheel _______
a) Has uniform velocity
b) Has 0 velocity
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c) Has acceleration
d) Has retardation
w.

Answer: c
Explanation: When the difference between T-Tmean is positive the work is done by the steam
ww

and the crankshaft accelerated which results in acceleration of flywheel.

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38) The curve abc in figure below is known as _________

.in
ng
e eri
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a) Instroke
b) Outstroke
c) Positive couple
d) Negative couple
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Answer: b
Explanation: In the given figure, the curve during the curve abc there is an ascent in the motion.
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The ascent of motion is known as outstroke thus curve abc is called outstroke.
39) When engine torque is less than mean resisting torque, then the flywheel _______
a) Has uniform velocity
b) Has 0 velocity
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c) Has acceleration
d) Has retardation
w.

Answer: d
Explanation: When the difference between T-Tmean is negative the work is done on the steam
ww

and the crankshaft decelerates which results in retardation of flywheel.

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40) The curve cde in figure below is known as _________

.in
ng
e eri
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a) Instroke
b) Outstroke
c) Positive couple
d) Negative couple
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Answer: a
Explanation: In the given figure, the curve during the curve cde there is a descent in the motion.
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The descent of motion is known as intstroke, thus curve cde is called instroke.
41) Area of the turning moment diagram represents _______
a) Work done
b) Work done per revolution
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c) Power generated
d) Power generated per revolution
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the work done is the product of the turning moment and the angle turned,
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therefore the area of the turning moment diagram represents the work done per revolution.
42) In actual practice, engine is assumed to work against the mean resisting torque.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: In actual practice, the engine is assumed to work against the mean resisting torque,
therefore the area under the curve gives the work done against the mean resisting torque.

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43) Which of the following process is not the part of working of a 4 stroke I.C Engine?
a) Compression
b) Suction
c) Exhaust
d) Turbine flow

Answer: d
Explanation: 4 stroke IC engine works through suction compression working or power stroke and
then exhaust. It does not use turbine hence no turbine flow is used.

.in
44) 4-stroke engine has one power stroke per 2 revolutions hence turning moment diagram is
uniform.
a) True

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b) False

Answer: b

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Explanation: One power stroke per 2 revolutions of crank shaft hence its turning moment is not
uniform so heavier flywheel is needed.
45) Work produced by the 4-stroke engine is less because _______
a) One power stroke per 2 revolutions
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b) One power stroke per revolution
c) One power stroke per 4 revolution
d) Four power stroke per revolution
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Answer: a
Explanation: One power stroke per 2 revolutions of crank shaft hence its turning moment is not
uniform so heavier flywheel is needed and hence results in less power generation.
arn

46) A negative loop is formed in the turning moment diagram because the pressure inside the
cylinder is _______ than the atmospheric pressure.
a) Equal
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b) More
c) Less
d) No pressure inside
w.

Answer: c
Explanation: A negative loop is formed in the turning moment diagram of a 4 stroke IC engine
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because during suction the pressure inside the engine is reduced due to intake and has a lower
value than the atmospheric pressure.
47) When the work is done on the gases, which of the following effect is observed on the turning
moment diagram?
a) Formation of negative loop
b) Formation of positive loop
c) Formation of an infinite loop
d) Formation of no loop

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Answer: a
Explanation: When the work is done on the gases, the pressure inside the cylinder decreases
and has a value lower than the atmospheric pressure, as a result a negative loop is formed.
48) When the work is by on the gases, which of the following effect is observed on the turning
moment diagram?
a) Formation of negative loop
b) Formation of positive loop
c) Formation of an infinite loop
d) Formation of no loop

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: When the work is done by the gases, the pressure inside the cylinder increases and

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has a value higher than the atmospheric pressure, as a result a positive loop is formed.
49) Compression stroke results in ________
a) Formation of negative loop

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b) Formation of positive loop
c) Formation of an infinite loop
d) Formation of no loop

e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: During compression stroke, the work is done on the gases, the pressure inside the
cylinder decreases and has a value lower than the atmospheric pressure, as a result a negative
loop is formed.
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50) 4 strokes engine have a lower thermal efficiency than 2 stroke engine.
a) True
b) False
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Answer: b
Explanation: 4-stroke IC engines despite having low power output per cycle have a higher
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thermal efficiency than a 2 stroke cycle because in 2 stroke engines, the fuel escapes with the
exhaust.
51) While drawing the turning moment diagram, which of the forces in not taken into account?
w.

a) Inertia force
b) Force on connecting rod
c) Force on crank
ww

d) Coriolis force

Answer: d
Explanation: When a turning moment diagram is drawn, it takes into account all the forces
inertia, connecting rod and crank however there is no coriolis force acting in the engine thus it is
not taken into account.

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52) In the given turning moment diagram, the process X is known as ______

.in
ng
e eri
gin
a) Suction
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b) Compression
c) Power
d) Exhaust
arn

Answer: c
Explanation: Since the area of the loop is maximum during the process X hence it is the power
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stroke since most the power is generated in this process which makes the pressure rise and
create a positive loop.
w.

53) The fluctuation of energy is the variation of energy above the line of minimum torque.
a) True
b) False
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: The given statement is false because the variations of energy above and below the
mean resisting torque line are called fluctuations of energy. It is represented by the enclosing
curves above and below the mean line.

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54) In the figure given below, the areas BbC, CcD represent _______

.in
ng
e eri
gin
a) Power generated
b) Power lost
c) Fluctuation of energy
En

d) Change in momentum

Answer: c
Explanation: The variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line are called
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fluctuations of energy. The areas under the following curves: BbC, CcD, DdE and so on represent
fluctuations of energy.
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55) Coefficient of fluctuation of energy is ratio of _______

a) Mean fluctuation energy to work done per cycle
b) Maximum fluctuation energy to work done per cycle
w.

c) Minimum fluctuation energy to work done per cycle

d) Mean fluctuation energy to power generated per cycle
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of energy to the work done per cycle is
known as the coefficient of fluctuation of energy. Mathematically, coefficient of fluctuation of
energy (CE) = Maximum fluctuation of energy/Work done per cycle.

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56) From the turning moment diagram shown below, the maximum speed will occur at point _____

.in
ng
e eri
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a) p
b) b
c) q
En

d) c

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum engine speed occurs at point q because the flywheel absorbs energy
arn

when the crank moves from point p to q. This results in a gain of speed.

57) Work done per cycle is calculated as _______

Le

a) Tmean × θ
b) Tmin × θ
c) Tmax × θ
w.

d) Tmax × θ/2

Answer: a
ww

Explanation: The work done per cycle (in N-m or joules) may be obtained by using the following
relations: Work done per cycle = Tmean × θ, where Tmean = Mean torque, Mean torque is same
as the mean resisting torque.

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58) From the turning moment diagram shown below, the minimum speed will occur at point _____

.in
ng
e eri
gin
a) p
b) b
c) q
En

d) c

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum engine speed occurs at point p because the flywheel gives out some
arn

of its energy when the crank moves from point a to p. This results in loss of speed.
59) For a 4 stroke IC engine, the angle θ assumes a value equal to _______
a) π
Le

b) 2π
c) 4π
d) π/2
w.

Answer: c
Explanation: For a 4 stroke internal combustion engine, a power stroke takes place every 2
ww

revolution therefore the total angle turned is equal to 4π.

60) To calculate power generated, product of maximum torque and angular speed is taken.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: To calculate power generated, product of mean effective torque and angular speed
is taken.
P = Tmean × ω

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61) For a 4 stroke IC engine, Tmean = 1875 N-m, then find the work done per cycle.
a) 23.56 kJ
b) 11.78 kJ
c) 5.89 kJ
d) 2.94 kJ

Answer: a
Explanation: For a 4 stroke internal combustion engine, a power stroke takes place every 2
revolution therefore the total angle turned is equal to 4π. Hence θ=4π

.in
therefore work done per cycle = 23.56 kJ.
62) A shaft fitted with a flywheel rotates at 250 r.p.m. and drives a machine, the torque fluctuated
about 18750 N-m, find the power required to drive the machine.

ng
a) 49.125 kW
b) 24.56 kW
c) 12.28 kW

eri
d) 6.14 kW

Answer: a
Explanation: ω = 2π × 250/60 = 26.2 rad/s,
e
gin
P = Tmean ×ω
= 1875 x 26.2
= 49.125 kW.
63) Coefficient of fluctuation is the ratio of ______
En

a) The maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed

b) The minimum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed
c) The maximum speed to the mean speed
arn

d) The minimum speed to the maximum speed

Answer: a
Le

Explanation: Maximum fluctuation of speed is defined as the difference between the maximum
and minimum speeds during a cycle. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean
speed is known as the coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
w.

64) Coefficient of steadiness is reciprocal of coefficient of fluctuation of speed.

a) True
b) False
ww

Answer: a
Explanation: Coefficient of steadiness is defined as the ratio of mean speed to the ratio of
maximum fluctuation of speed, hence it is the reciprocal of coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
65) If the minimum speed of the engine is half the maximum speed, then coefficient of fluctuation is
_____
a) 0.5
b) 1.5
c) 2

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d) 0.66

Answer: d
Explanation: Let N be the maximum speed, then minimum speed is N/2
mean speed = (N+N/2)/2 = 3N/4
Maximum fluctuation = N – N/2 = N/2
therefore coefficient of fluctuation = 2/3 = 0.66.
66) If the mean speed is 3/4th of the maximum speed, the coefficient of steadiness is ______
a) 4/3

.in
b) 3/2
c) 3/4
d) 1

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: Let N be the mean speed and N1 and N2 be the maximum and minimum speed

eri
respectively,
given N=3N1/4 , N1 = 4N/3
also N = (N1+N2)/2
N = 2N/3 + N2/2 : N2 = 2N/3
e
gin
maximum fluctuation = N1– N2 = 4N/3 – 2N/3 = 2N/3
mean speed = N
therefore coefficient of steadiness = N/(2N/3)
= 3/2.
En

67) The moment of inertia of a flywheel is 6500 kg-m2, from the turning moment diagram, it is
found that fluctuation of energy is 56000 N-m, if mean speed is 120 rpm, then find maximum
speed.
arn

a) 121
b) 119
c) 122
Le

d)118

Answer: a
w.

Explanation: We know that ΔE= I ω2. Cs

= I ω. (ω1-ω2)
= 6500. 120x(2π/60)2( N1– N2)
ww

N1– N2 = 2
N=120
Therefore, N1=121.
68) The moment of inertia of a flywheel is 6500 kg-m2, from the turning moment diagram, it is
found that fluctuation of energy is 56000 N-m, if mean speed is 120 rpm, find the minimum
speed.
a) 121
b) 119
c) 122

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d) 118

Answer: b
Explanation: We know that ΔE = I ω2. Cs
= I ω. (ω1-ω2)
= 6500. 120x(2π/60)2(N1– N2)
N1– N2 = 2
N=120
Therefore, N2=119.

.in
69) In order to reduce the heavy weight of the flywheel which of the following mechanical
component is used?
a) Bearings

ng
b) Shaft
c) Gears
d) Engine

eri
Answer: c
Explanation: The mass of the flywheel depends on the velocity at which it rotates, the velocity

e
can be moderated by installing a set of gears. This results in reduction of mass of flywheel.
gin
70) The main function of a flywheel is to cause variations in the speed of a shaft caused by torque
fluctuations.
a) True
b) False
En

Answer: b
Explanation: The primary function of a fly wheel is to smoothen out variations in the speed of a
arn

shaft caused by torque fluctuations, this is basically to lessen the fluctuations of the torque. If
the source of the driving torque or load torque is fluctuating in nature, then a flywheel is used.
71) When the flywheel absorbs energy, its speed ________
Le

a) Remains unaffected
b) Increases
c) Decreases
w.

d) Goes down to 0

Answer: b
ww

Explanation: When a flywheel absorbs energy, its speed increases and when it gives up energy,
its speed decreases. This effect is reflected in the turning moment diagram of the flywheel.
72) For a multicylinder engine, the moment of inertia of a flywheel is 6500 kg-m2, from the turning
moment diagram, it is found that fluctuation of energy is 56000 N-m, if mean speed is 120 rpm,
then find maximum speed.
a) 121
b) 119
c) 122

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d) 118

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that ΔE= I ω2. Cs
= I ω. (ω1-ω2)
= 6500. 120x(2π/60)2(N1-N2)
N1-N2 = 2
N=120
Therefore, N1=121.

.in
73) Multi cylinder engines are usually placed at an equal inclination to each other.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: In case of multi cylinder engines, the cylinders are placed in such a way that the

eri
performance of the engine is optimum hence placing them at equal inclination improves the
performance.
74) Consider a three cylinder engine, the resultant turning moment diagram is the _____ of three
cylinders.
e
gin
a) Sum
b) Difference
c) Product
d) Independent
En

Answer: a
Explanation: For a multicylinder engine, the turning moment diagram is formed by combining
arn

the turning moment diagrams of individual cylinders.

75) For a multicylinder engine, the coefficient of fluctuation of speed would vary with _________
a) Number of cylinders
Le

b) Remains unaffected
c) Length of connecting rod
d) Input temperature
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: The coefficient of fluctuation depends only on the speed of the engine and is
ww

unaffected by the no. of cylinders.

76) For a 4 cylinder engine, if the minimum speed of the engine is half the maximum speed, then
coefficient of fluctuation is _________
a) 0.5
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 0.66

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Answer: d
Explanation: Let N be the maximum speed, then minimum speed is N/2
mean speed = (N+N/2)/2 = 3N/4
Maximum fluctuation = N – N/2 = N/2
therefore coefficient of fluctuation = 2/3.
77) In the turning moment diagram of a multicylinder engine, the work done during exhaust stroke
is by ______
a) The gases
b) On the gases

.in
c) Piston wall
d) Valve

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: During exhaust stroke, the area under the loop is negative. This indicates that the
work is done on the gases and power has not been generated during the process.

eri
78) For a 4 cylinder engine, when the pressure inside the cylinders exceeds the atmospheric
pressure then.
a) Work is done by the gases
b) Work is done on the gases
e
gin
c) Work is done on the piston wall
d) Work is done by the piston wall

Answer: a
En

Explanation: When the pressure inside the cylinders exceeds the atmospheric pressure then the
area under the loop is positive. This indicates that the work is done by the gases.
79) The flywheel of a steam engine has a mass moment of inertia of 2500 Kg-m2. The starting torque
arn

of the steam engine is 1500 N-m and may be assumed constant, using this data find the angular
acceleration of the flywheel in rad/s2.
a) 0.4
Le

b) 0.6
c) 0.3
d) 1.2
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: We know that T = I.α
ww

T = 1500 Nm (constant )
I = 2500 kg-m2
therefore, &aplpha; = 1500/2500 = 0.6 rad/s2.
80) The maximum fluctuation of speed is the
a) difference of minimum fluctuation of speed and the mean speed
b) difference of the maximum and minimum speeds
c) sum of the maximum and minimum speeds
d) variations of speed above and below the mean resisting torque line

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Answer: b
Explanation: The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called
the maximum fluctuation of speed. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean
speed is called coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
81) The coefficient of fluctuation of speed is the _____________ of maximum fluctuation of speed
and the mean speed.
a) product
b) ratio
c) sum

.in
d) difference

Answer: b

ng
Explanation: The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called
the maximum fluctuation of speed. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean
speed is called coefficient of fluctuation of speed.

eri
82) In a turning moment diagram, the variations of energy above and below the mean resisting
torque line is called
a) fluctuation of energy
b) maximum fluctuation of energy
e
gin
c) coefficient of fluctuation of energy
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
En

Explanation: The fluctuation of energy may be determined by the turning moment diagram for
one complete cycle of operation.The variations of energy above and below the mean resisting
torque line are called fluctuation of energy.
arn

83) If E = Mean kinetic energy of the flywheel, CS = Coefficient of fluctuation of speed and Δ E =
Maximum fluctuation of energy, then
a) ΔE = E / CS
b) ΔE = E2 × CS
Le

c) ΔE = E × CS
d) ΔE = 2 E × CS
w.

Answer: d
Explanation: ΔE = Maximum K.E. — Minimum K.E. = 2 E × CS
ww

84) The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of energy to the ___________ is called coefficient of
fluctuation of energy.
a) minimum fluctuation of energy
b) workdone per cycle
c) coefficient of fluctuation of energy
d) none of the mentioned

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Answer: b
Explanation: Coefficient of fluctuation of energy is defined as the ratio of the maximum
fluctuation of energy to the work done per cycle. It is usually denoted by CE.
85) Due to the centrifugal force acting on the rim, the flywheel arms will be subjected to
a) tensile stress
b) compressive stress
c) shear stress
d) none of the mentioned

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: The following types of stresses are induced in the rim of a flywheel:
1. Tensile stress due to centrifugal force,

ng
2. Tensile bending stress caused by the restraint of the arms, and
3. The shrinkage stresses due to unequal rate of cooling of casting. These stresses may be very
high but there is no easy method of determining. This stress is taken care of by a factor of

eri
safety.
86) The tensile stress in the flywheel rim due to the centrifugal force acting on the rim is given by
a) ρ v2/4
b) ρ v2/2
e
gin
c) 3ρ v2/4
d) ρ v2

Answer: d
En

Explanation: Tensile stress in the flywheel rim due to the centrifugal force = ρ v2
where ρ = Density of the flywheel material, and
v = Linear velocity of the flywheel.
arn

87) The cross-section of the flywheel arms is usually

a) elliptical
b) rectangular
Le

c) I-section
d) L-section
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: The cross-section of the arms is usually elliptical with major axis as twice the minor
axis, and it is designed for the maximum bending stress.
ww

88) In order to find the maximum bending moment on the arms, it is assumed as a
a) simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load over the arm
b) fixed at both ends (i.e. at the hub and at the free end of the rim) and carrying a uniformly
distributed load over the arm.
c) cantilever beam fixed at the hub and carrying a concentrated load at the free end of the rim
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the torque transmitted from the rim to the shaft or from the shaft to the

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rim, the arms will be subjected to bending, because they are required to carry the full torque
load. In order to find out the maximum bending moment on the arms, it may be assumed as a
centilever beam fixed at the hub and carrying a concentrated load at the free end of the rim.
89) The diameter of the hub of the flywheel is usually taken
a) equal to the diameter of the shaft
b) twice the diameter of the shaft
c) three times the diameter of the shaft
d) four times the diameter of the shaft

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: The diameter of hub is usually taken as twice the diameter of shaft and length from
2 to 2.5 times the shaft diameter. It is generally taken equal to width of the rim.

ng
90) In a four stroke I.C. engine, the turning moment during the compression stroke is
a) positive throughout
b) negative throughout

eri
c) positive during major portion of the stroke
d) negative during major portion of the stroke

Answer: b
e
gin
Explanation: Since the pressure inside the engine cylinder is less than the atmospheric pressure
during the suction stroke, therefore a negative loop is formed. During the compression stroke,
the work is done on the gases, therefore a higher negative loop is obtained.
91) The maximum fluctuation of energy is the
En

a) difference between the maximum and minimum energies

b) sum of the maximum and minimum energies
c) variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque to the
arn

d) ratio of the mean resisting torque to the workdone per cycle

Answer: a
Le

Explanation: The difference between the maximum and the minimum energies is known as
maximum fluctuation of energy.
92) The co-efficient of fluctuation of energy is the ratio of maximum energy to the minimum energy.
w.

a) True
b) False
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: The co-efficient of fluctuation of energy is the ratio of the maximum fluctuation of
energy to the work done per cycle.
93) Which of the following statement is wrong?
a) The difference between the maximum and minimum energies is called maximum fluctuation
of energy.
b) The co-efficient of fluctuation of speed is the ratio of maximum fluctuation of speed to the
mean speed.
c) The variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line is known as

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fluctuation of energy.
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: All the statements are correct.
The difference between the maximum and minimum energies is called maximum fluctuation of
energy.
The co-efficient of fluctuation of speed is the ratio of maximum fluctuation of speed to the
mean speed.

.in
The variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line is known as fluctuation
of energy.
94) The ratio of maximum fluctuation of energy to the workdone per cycle is called

ng
a) fluctuation of energy
b) maximum fluctuation of energy
c) coefficient of fluctuation of speed

eri
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c

e
Explanation: The co-efficient of fluctuation of speed is the ratio of maximum fluctuation of
gin
speed to the mean speed.
95) Maximum fluctuation of energy in a flywheel is equal to
a) Iω(ω1 – ω2)
b) Iω2CS
En

c) 2ECS
d) all of the mentioned
arn

Answer: d
Explanation: None
96) A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft of an engine having W as the amount of indicated work per
Le

revolution and permissible limits of coefficient of fluctuation of energy and speed as CE and
CS respectively. The kinetic energy of the flywheel is given by
a) 2WCE/CS
w.

b) WCE/2CS
c) WCE/CS
d) WCS/2CE
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: None
97) If the rotating mass of a rim type flywheel is distributed on another rim type flywheel whose
mean radius is half the mean radius of the former, then energy stored in the latter at the same
speed will be
a) four times the first one
b) same as the first one
c) one fourth of the first one

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d) one and a half times the first one

Answer: c
Explanation: None
98) The ratio of maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed is called
a) fluctuation of energy
b) maximum fluctuation of energy
c) coefficient of fluctuation of speed
d) none of the mentioned

.in
Answer: c
Explanation: The co-efficient of fluctuation of speed is the ratio of maximum fluctuation of

ng
speed to the mean speed.
99) The flywheel of a machine having weight of 4500 N and radius of gyration of 2 m has cyclic
fluctuation of speed from 125 r.p.m to 120 r.p.m. Assuming g = 10m/s2, the maximum

eri
fluctuation of energy is
a) 12822 N-m
b) 24200 N-m
c) 14822 N-m
e
gin
d) 12100 N-m

Answer: d
Explanation: Mass of flywheel = weight of flywheel/Acceleration due to gravity = 4500/10kg
En

Moment of Inertia = mk2

= 1800 kgm2
ω1 = 2π/60 x 125rad/sec
arn

ω2 = 2π/60 x 120rad/sec
Emax = 1/2 I(?)2
= 12087.2 N-m
Le

= 12100 Nm
100) A circular solid disc of uniform thickness 20 mm, radius 200 mm and mass 20 kg, is used as a
flywheel. If it rotates at 600 rpm, the kinetic energy of the flywheel, in Joules is
w.

a) 395
b) 790
c) 1580
ww

d) 3160

Answer: b
Explanation: For flywheel K.E = 1/2Iω2
ω = 2πN/60 = 62.83 rad/s
I (for solid circular disk) = 1/2mR2 = 0.4 kg m2
Hence, K.E = 790 Joules.
101) The speed of an engine varies from 210 rad/s to 190 rad/s. During the cycle the change in
kinetic energy is found to be 400 Nm. The inertia of the flywheel in kg/m2 is

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a) 0.10
b) 0.20
c) 0.30
d) 0.40

Answer: a
Explanation: Given ω1 = 210 rad/ sec, ω2 = 190 rad/ sec, ΔE= 400 Nm
As the speed of flywheel changes from ω1 to ω2, the maximum fluctuation of energy,
ΔE = 1/2I [(ω1)2 (ω2)2] I = 0.10 kgm2

.in
102) For a certain engine having an average speed of 1200 rpm, a flywheel approximated as a solid
disc, is required for keeping the fluctuation of speed within 2% about the average speed. The
fluctuation of kinetic energy per cycle is found to be 2 kJ. What is the least possible mass of the

ng
flywheel if its diameter is not to exceed 1 m ?
a) 40 kg
b) 51 kg

eri
c) 62 kg
d) 73 kg

Answer: b
e
gin
Explanation: Given N = 1200 rpm, ΔE = 2kJ = 2000 J, D = 1m, Cs = 0.02
Mean angular speed of engine,
ω = 2πN/60 = 125.66 rad/ sec
Fluctuation of energy of the flywheel is given by,
En

ΔE = Iω2Cs = 1/2mR2ω2Cs For solid disc I = mR2/2

m = 51 kg
103) The maximum fluctuation of speed is the
arn

a) difference of minimum fluctuation of speed and the mean speed

b) difference of the maximum and minimum speeds
c) sum of the maximum and minimum speeds
Le

d) variations of speed above and below the mean resisting torque line

Answer: b
w.

Explanation: The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called
the maximum fluctuation of speed.
The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed is called coefficient of
ww

fluctuation of speed.
104) The coefficient of fluctuation of speed is the _________ of maximum fluctuation of speed and
the mean speed.
a) product
b) ratio
c) sum
d) difference

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Answer: b
Explanation: The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called
the maximum fluctuation of speed.
The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed is called coefficient of
fluctuation of speed.
105) In a turning moment diagram, the variations of energy above and below the mean resisting
torque line is called
a) fluctuation of energy
b) maximum fluctuation of energy

.in
c) coefficient of fluctuation of energy
d) none of the mentioned

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: The fluctuation of energy may be determined by the turning moment diagram for
one complete cycle of operation.The variations of energy above and below the mean resisting

eri
torque line are called fluctuation of energy.
106) If E = Mean kinetic energy of the flywheel, CS = Coefficient of fluctuation of speed and Δ E =
Maximum fluctuation of energy, then
a) ΔE = E / CS
e
gin
b) ΔE = E2 × CS
c) ΔE = E × CS
d) ΔE = 2 E × CS
En

Answer: d
Explanation: ΔE = Maximum K.E. — Minimum K.E.
ΔE = 2 E × CS
arn

107) The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of energy to the ……. is called coefficient of fluctuation of
energy.
a) minimum fluctuation of energy
Le

b) workdone per cycle

c) maximum fluctuation of energy
d) none of the mentioned
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: The difference between the maximum and the minimum energies is known as
ww

maximum fluctuation of energy.

108) Due to the centrifugal force acting on the rim, the flywheel arms will be subjected to
a) tensile stress
b) compressive stress
c) shear stress
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: The tensile stress in the rim due to the centrifugal force, assuming that the rim is

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unstrained by the arms, is determined in a similar way as a thin cylinder subjected to internal
pressure.
109) The tensile stress in the flywheel rim due to the centrifugal force acting on the rim is given by
a) ρ v2/4
b) ρ v2/2
c) 3ρ v2/4
d) ρ v2

Answer: d

.in
Explanation: Tensile stress = ρ v2
where ρ = Density of the flywheel material, and
v = Linear velocity of the flywheel.

ng
110) The cross-section of the flywheel arms is usually
a) elliptical
b) rectangular

eri
c) I-section
d) L-section

Answer: a
e
gin
Explanation: The cross-section of the arms is usually elliptical with major axis as twice the minor
axis.
111) In order to find the maximum bending moment on the arms, it is assumed as a
a) simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load over the arm
En

b) fixed at both ends

c) cantilever beam fixed at the hub and carrying a concentrated load at the free end of the rim
d) none of the mentioned
arn

Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the torque transmitted from the rim to the shaft or from the shaft to the
Le

rim, the arms will be subjected to bending, because they are required to carry the full torque
load. In order to find out the maximum bending moment on the arms, it may be assumed as a
cantilever beam fixed at the hub and carrying a concentrated load at the free end of the rim.
w.

112) The diameter of the hub of the flywheel is usually taken

a) equal to the diameter of the shaft
b) twice the diameter of the shaft
ww

c) three times the diameter of the shaft

d) four times the diameter of the shaft

Answer: b
Explanation: The diameter of hub is usually taken as twice the diameter of shaft and length from
2 to 2.5 times the shaft diameter. It is generally taken equal to width of the rim.
113) In a punching press, which of the following quantity is constant?
a) Load
b) Torque

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c) Angular velocity
d) Angle of rotation

Answer: b
Explanation: The punching press works on the principle that the input torque acting remains
constant when the action is performed whereas the load is varied.
114) In a punching press, load is 0 at the time of punching.
a) True
b) False

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: In a punching press, the load acts only during the time of punching and remains 0

ng
for the rest of the time.
115) The maximum shear force required for punching depends on ________
a) Sheared area

eri
b) Length of the plate
c) Speed of the flywheel
d) Total load

e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: Maximum shear force is given by the equation
Fs = (Sheared area) x ultimate shear stress.
116) A machine punching 38 mm holes in 32 mm thick plate requires 7 N-m of energy per sq. mm of
En

sheared area, find the maximum shear force required.

a) 26.7 kN
b) 53.4 kN
arn

c) 13.35 kN
d) 106.8 kN
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: Given: d = 38 mm; t = 32 mm; 2 E1 = 7 N-m/mm of sheared area
A = π.38.32 mm2
w.

F = 7.A N = 26.7 kN.

117) The relation between stroke punch s and radius of crank r is ______
a) s=r
ww

b) s=2r
c) s=4r
d) s=r/2

Answer: b
Explanation: Stroke punch is the distance travelled from top to bottom at the time of punching.
Hence is equal to the diameter of the crank.
118) If the stroke punch is 100mm, find the radius of the crank in mm.
a) 200

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b) 100
c) 50
d) 400

Answer: c
Explanation: Stroke punch is the distance travelled from top to bottom at the time of punching.
Hence is equal to the diameter of the crank. Now s=100mm therefore r=s/2mm.
119) In a punching press, the requirement is to punch 40 mm diameter holes in a plate having a
thickness of 15 mm. The rate at which the holes should be punched is 30 holes/min. Energy

.in
requirement is of 6 N-m per mm2 of sheared area. If the punching takes time 1/10 of a second
and the speed of the flywheel varies from 160 to 140 rpm, determine the mass of the flywheel
having radius of gyration of 1 m.

ng
a) 327 Kg
b) 654 Kg
c) 163.5 Kg

eri
d) 200 Kg

Answer: a
Explanation: N = (160+140)/2 = 150 rpm
e
gin
E1 = 11 310 N-m (A x Shear force)
E2 = 565.5 N-m (energy supplied by motor in 1/10 of a second)
ΔE = 10744.5 N-m
therefore m = 327 Kg.
En

120) Energy during actual punching operation is same as the energy supplied by the motor.
a) True
b) False
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: Energy during actual punching (E2) operation is different as the energy supplied by
Le

the motor, E2 = E1x(t/4r).

121) The balance energy required for punching is supplied by the flywheel by ________
a) Increase in its kinetic energy
w.

b) Decrease in its kinetic energy

c) Decrease in its potential energy
d) By variation of mass
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: The balance energy is to be supplied by the flywheel by the decrease in its kinetic
energy when its speed falls from maximum to minimum.
122) When the length of the connecting rod is unknown then the value (θ2 –θ1)/2π is equal to
________
a) t/s
b) t/2s
c) t/2r

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d) t/r

Answer: b
Explanation: The values of θ1 and θ2 may be determined only if the crank radius (r), length of
connecting rod (l) and the relative position of the job with respect to the crankshaft axis are
known, in their absence we use the relation (θ2 –θ1)/2π = t/2s.

UNIT II BALANCING

.in
1) Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary or reciprocating machinery due to the
______
a) Centripetal forces

ng
b) Centrifugal forces
c) Friction forces
d) Inertia forces

eri
Answer: d
Explanation: Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary or reciprocating machinery due

e
to the inertia forces associated with the moving masses.
gin
2) Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing masses in same plane and in different planes
cannot take place.
a) True
b) False
En

Answer: b
Explanation: Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing masses in same plane and in
arn

different planes can be done with the help of both static balancing and dynamic balancing.
3) Which of the following is true for centrifugal force causing unbalance?
a) Direction changes with rotation
b) Magnitude changes with rotation
Le

c) Direction and magnitude both change with rotation

d) Direction and magnitude both remain unchanged with rotation
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: Force acting radially outwards acts on the axis of rotation and is known as
ww

centrifugal force. This is a disturbing force on the axis of rotation, the magnitude of which is
constant but the direction changes with the rotation of the mass.
4) In a revolving rotor, the centrifugal force remains balanced as long as the centre of the mass of
the rotor lies ___________
a) Below the axis of shaft
b) On the axis of the shaft
c) Above the axis of shaft
d) Away from the axis of shaft

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Answer: b
Explanation: In a revolving rotor, the centrifugal force remains balanced as long as the centre of
the mass of the rotor lies on the axis of shaft. In other cases, the system will be unbalanced.
5) If the unbalanced system is not set right then.
a) Static forces develop
b) Dynamic forces develop
c) Tangential forces develop
d) Radial forces develop

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: It is very essential that all the rotating and reciprocating parts should be
completely balanced as far as possible, otherwise the dynamic forces will be set up.

ng
6) What is not the effect of unbalanced forces?
a) Load on bearings
b) Dangerous vibrations

eri
c) Stresses in various members
d) Violation of conservation of mass principle

Answer: d
e
gin
Explanation: The unbalanced forces increase the loads on bearings and stresses in the various
members, as well as it produces unpleasant and even dangerous vibrations.
7) What is the effect of a rotating mass of a shaft on a system?
a) Bend the shaft
En

b) Twist the shaft

c) Extend the shaft
d) Compress the shaft
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: Whenever an object containing mass is attached to a rotating shaft, it exerts some
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centrifugal force. This centrifugal force’s effect is to bend the shaft and to produce vibrations in
it.
8) Balancing of reciprocating masses is the process of providing the second mass in order to
w.

counteract the effect of the centrifugal force of the first mass.

a) True
b) False
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the
centrifugal force of the first mass, is called balancing of rotating masses. The main objective of
balancing is to minimize the unbalanced forces.
9) Let the disturbing mass be 100 kg and the radius of rotation be 20 cm and the rotation speed
be 50 rad/s, then calculate the centrifugal force in kN.
a) 50
b) 25

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c) 50000
d) 25000

Answer: a
Explanation: Centrifugal force is given by the equation
Fc = mω2r
using the given data
Fc = 50000 N.
10) Centrifugal force acts radially inwards and bends the shaft.

.in
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that the centrifugal force exerted by the mass on the shaft, this
centrifugal force acts radially outwards and thus produces bending moment on the shaft.

eri
11) The mass used to balance the mass defect is known as ______
a) Balancing mass
b) Defect mass
c) Replacement mass
e
gin
d) Fixing mass

Answer: a
Explanation: Disturbing mass causes centrifugal force and bending of the shaft, this mass is
En

balanced by counteracting the shaft with another mass known as balancing mass.
12) Let the disturbing mass be 100 kg and the radius of rotation be 10 cm and the rotation speed
be 50 rad/s, then calculate the centrifugal force in kN.
arn

a) 50
b) 25
c) 50000
Le

d) 25000

Answer: b
w.

Explanation: Centrifugal force is given by the equation

Fc = mω2r
using the given data
ww

Fc = 25000 N.
13) Let the disturbing mass be 200 kg and the radius of rotation be 20 cm and the rotation speed
be 50 rad/s, then calculate the centripetal force in kN.
a) -50
b) -25
c) -100
d) -2500

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Answer: c
Explanation: Centripetal force is given by the equation
Fc = – mω2r
This is the negative of the centrifugal force.
using the given data
Fc = -100000 N.
14) Let the centrifugal force in kN be 25 and the radius of rotation be 20 cm and the rotation speed
be 50 rad/s, then calculate the mass defect in Kg.
a) 50

.in
b) 25
c) 50000
d) 25000

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: Centrifugal force is given by the equation

eri
Fc = mω2r
using the given data
Fc = 25000 N
r = 0.2 m
e
gin
ω = 50 rad/s
m = 50 kg.
15) From the given data, calculate the unbalanced centrifugal force in N s2
Distance from shaft = 0.2 m
En

Mass = 100 kg
Rotating speed = 1000 rpm.
a) 20
arn

b) 2×107
c) 200
d) 20000
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: Centrifugal force is given by
w.

Mω2r
In N-s2 = m.r
= 100×0.2 = 20 N-s2.
ww

16) In balancing of single-cylinder engine, the rotating unbalance is ____________

a) completely made zero and so also the reciprocating unbalance
b) completely made zero and the reciprocating unbalance is partially reduced
c) partially reduced and the reciprocating unbalance is completely made zero
d) partially reduced and so also the reciprocating unbalance

Answer: b
Explanation: In balancing of single-cylinder engine, the rotating unbalance is completely made
zero and the reciprocating unbalance is partially reduced.

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17) Let the disturbing mass be 50 Kg, with radius of rotation = 0.1m, if one of the balancing mass is
30 Kg at a radius of rotation 0.1m then find the other balancing mass situated at a distance of
0.2m.
a) 80
b) 40
c) 20
d) 10

Answer: d

.in
Explanation: mr = m1mr + m2r2
50×0.1 = 30×0.1 + m2x0.2
5=3 + 0.2m

ng
m2=10 Kg.
18) A single mass defect needs to be balanced by a single balancing mass
a) True

eri
b) False

Answer: b

e
Explanation: A single mass defect lying on a single plane can be countered with the help of
gin
different masses lying on different planes with the defective mass either being at center or to
the either side.
19) In a system two masses are used to balance the unbalanced forces. Find the mass of the
balancing mass which has to be situated at a distance of 20cm, if the disturbing mass is of 100
En

Kg having radius of rotation of 0.1m. One of the balancing mass is 30 Kg with RoR of 10cm.
a) 70
b) 35
arn

c) 20
d) 10
Le

Answer: b
Explanation: For a balanced system
m.r = m1r + m2r2
w.

100×0.1 = 30×0.1 + m2x0.2

10=3 + 0.2m
m2=35 Kg.
ww

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20) In the given figure, m1=20 Kg, m2=30Kg and m=50 Kg, if r1=0.2m and r=0.3m, l=1m, find l2.

.in
ng
a) 0.26m e eri
gin
b) 0.52m
c) 1.04m
d)0.13m
En

Answer: a
Explanation: M1r1l = mrl2
20×0.2×1 = 50 x 0.3 xl2
arn

4 = 15xl2
l2 = 0.26m.
Le
w.
ww

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21) In the given figure, m1=10, Kg m2=30Kg and m=50 Kg, if r1=0.2m and r=0.3m, l=1m, find l2.

.in
ng
a) 0.26m e eri
gin
b) 0.52m
c) 1.04m
d) 0.13m
En

Answer: d
Explanation: M1r1l = mrl2
10×0.2×1 = 50 x 0.3 xl2
arn

2 = 15xl2
l2 = 0.13m.
22) In the given figure, m1=10 Kg, m2=30Kg and m=50 Kg, if r=0.3m, l=1m, find l2 = 0.5m, find r1 in
Le

m.
w.
ww

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.in
ng
eri
a) 1.5
b) 0.75 e
gin
c) 3
d) 6
En

Answer: b
Explanation: M1r1l = mrl2
10xr1x1 = 50 x 0.3 x0.5
10r1 = 7.5
arn

l2 = 0.75m.
23) Unbalanced mass leads to vibrations.
a) True
Le

b) False

Answer: a
w.

Explanation: The unbalanced forces not only increase the loads on bearings and stresses in the
various members, but also produce unpleasant and even dangerous vibrations.
24) Which of the following statement is correct?
ww

a) In any engine, 100% of the reciprocating masses can be balanced dynamically

b) In the case of balancing of multicylinder engine, the value of secondary force is higher than
the value of the primary force
c) In the case of balancing of multimass rotating systems, dynamic balancing can be directly
started without static balancing done to the system
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c

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25) From the given data, find the balancing mass in Kg if r=0.2m required in the same plane.
Masses = 200kg, 300kg, 240 kg, 260Kg, corresponding radii = 0.2m, 0.15m, 0.25m and 0.3m.
Angles between consecutive masses = 45, 75 and 135 degrees.
a) 116
b) 58
c) 232
d) 140

Answer: a

.in
Explanation: To make the calculation simple, we will calculate centrifugal force as m.r
hence
horizontal forces = mrcosθ = 21.6 Kg-m

ng
vertical forces = mrsinθ = 8.5 Kg-m
Resultant = 23.2 Kg-m
R = 0.2 m

eri
therefore, M = 116Kg
26) Graphical method gives the best results.
a) True
b) False
e
gin
Answer: b
Explanation: In order to find the balancing mass, analytical and graphical approach can be used,
analytical method gives the accurate results as there is less scope for error.
En

27) From the given data, find the balancing mass’s inclination in degrees if r=0.2m required in the
same plane.
Masses = 200kg, 300kg, 240 kg, 260Kg, corresponding radii = 0.2m, 0.15m, 0.25m and 0.3m.
arn

Angles between consecutive masses = 45, 75 and 135 degrees.

a) 201.48
b) 200.32
Le

c) 210.34
d) 202.88
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: horizontal forces = mrcosθ = 21.6 Kg-m
vertical forces = mrsinθ = 8.5 Kg-m
ww

Resultant = 23.2 Kg-m

R = 0.2 m
therefore, M =116Kg
theta = vertical / horizontal
= 180 + 21.48 = 201.48.
28) If all the masses are in one plane, then what is the maximum no. of masses which can be placed
in the same plane?
a) 3
b) 4

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c) 6
d) No limitation

Answer: d
Explanation: while balancing in one plane, any number of masses can be placed, the net result
will only depend on the sum of vertical and horizontal components and the resultant should be
equal to the unbalance.
29) If the rotation speed of the shaft increases then the balancing mass must also increase.
a) True

.in
b) False

Answer: b

ng
Explanation: The balancing mass to be placed in the same plane as the other unbalanced
masses, is independent of the speed at which the shaft rotates.
30) If all the masses are in one plane, then in which of the following condition is possible?

eri
a) Resultant only in horizontal
b) Resultant only in vertical
c) System remains unbalanced
d) No limitation
e
gin
Answer: d
Explanation: While balancing in one plane, there is no restriction of placing masses, the net
result will only depend on the vector sum of vertical and horizontal components and the
En

resultant should be equal to the unbalance.

31) The secondary unbalanced force produced by the reciprocating parts of a certain cylinder of a
given engine with crank radius r and connecting rod length l can be considered as equal to
arn

primary unbalanced force produced by the same weight having

a) an equivalent crank radius r2/4l and rotating at twice the speed of the engine
b) r2/4l as equivalent crank radius and rotating at engine speed
c) equivalent crank length of r2/4l and rotating at engine speed
Le

d) none of the mentioned

w.

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that secondary force = primary force
FS = FP
ww

Therefore, to balance the force the primary force should contain an equivalent crank radius
r2/4l and rotating at twice the speed of the engine.
32) The effect of hammer blow in a locomotive can be reduced by ______________
a) decreasing the speed
b) using two or three pairs of wheels coupled together
c) balancing whole of the reciprocating parts
d) decreasing the speed and using two or three pairs of wheels coupled together

Answer: d

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33) Which of the following statements are associated with complete dynamic balancing of rotating
systems?
1. Resultant couple due to all inertia forces is zero.
2. Support reactions due to forces are zero but not due to couples.
3. The system is automatically statically balanced.
4. Centre of masses of the system lies on the axis of rotation.
a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b) 1, 2, and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only

.in
d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Answer: d

ng
Explanation: Support reactions due to forces & couple both need to be zero.
34) Which of the following statements is correct about the balancing of a mechanical system?
a) If it is under static balance, then there will be dynamic balance also

eri
b) If it is under dynamic balance, then there will be static balance also
c) Both static as well as dynamic balance have to be achieved separately
d) None of the mentioned

e
gin
Answer: c
Explanation: Complete balancing means both static & dynamic should be balanced.
35) The magnitude of swaying couple due to partial balance of the primary unbalancing force in
locomotive is
En

a) inversely proportional to the reciprocating mass

b) directly proportional to the square of the distance between the centre lines of the two
cylinders
arn

c) inversely proportional to the distance between the centerlines of the two cylinders
d) directly proportional to the distance between the centerlines of the two cylinders
Le

Answer: d
Explanation: Torque about “C”
Swaying couple a b
w.

36) In a locomotive, the ratio of the connecting rod length to the crank radius is kept very large in
order to
a) minimize the effect of primary forces
ww

b) minimize the effect of secondary forces

c) have perfect balancing
d) start the locomotive conveniently

Answer: b
Explanation: As l increases FS decreases
Hence the ratio is kept large to avoid secondary forces for each balancing.
37) In case of partial balancing of locomotives, the maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force
perpendicular to the line of stroke is called hammer blow and this has to be limited by proper

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choice of the balancing mass and its radial position.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The effect of hammer blow is to cause variation in pressure between the wheel
and the rail, and it may sometimes cause the lifting of wheels from the rails.
38) Multi-cylinder engines are desirable because
a) only balancing problems are reduced

.in
b) only flywheel size is reduced
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of the mentioned

ng
Answer: c
Explanation: None.

eri
39) When the primary direct crank of a reciprocating engine makes an angle θ with the line of
stroke, then the secondary direct crank will make an angle of . . . . . with the line of stroke.
a) θ /2
b) θ
e
gin
c) 2 θ
d) 4 θ

Answer: c
En

Explanation: The secondary direct crank angle is always twice of primary direct crank angle.
40) Secondary forces in reciprocating mass on engine frame are
a) of same frequency as of primary forces
arn

b) twice the frequency as of primary forces

c) four times the frequency as of primary forces
d) none of the mentioned
Le

41) Answer: b
The primary unbalanced force is maximum when the angle of inclination of the crank with the
w.

line of stroke is
a) 0°
b) 90°
ww

c) 180°
d) 360°

Answer: c
Explanation: The primary unbalanced force is maximum, when θ = 0° or 180°. Thus, the primary
force is maximum twice in one revolution of the crank. The maximum primary unbalanced
force is given by
FP(max) = m⋅ω2⋅r

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42) The partial balancing means
a) balancing partially the revolving masses
b) balancing partially the reciprocating masses
c) best balancing of engines
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: To balance the reciprocating masses partially is known as partial balancing.
43) In order to facilitate the starting of locomotive in any position, the cranks of a locomotive, with

.in
two cylinders, are placed at ______________ to each other.
a) 45°
b) 90°

ng
c) 120°
d) 180°

eri
Answer: b
Explanation: Due to the partial balancing of the reciprocating parts, there is an unbalanced
primary force along the line of stroke and also an unbalanced primary force perpendicular to
the line of stroke.
e
gin
44) In a locomotive, the ratio of the connecting rod length to the crank radius is kept very large in
order to
a) minimise the effect of primary forces
b) minimise the effect of secondary forces
En

c) have perfect balancing

d) start the locomotive quickly
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: The secondary unbalanced force is maximum, when θ = 0°, 90°,180° and 360°.
Thus, the secondary force is maximum four times in one revolution of the crank. Keeping large
Le

distance between connecting rod and crank, minimises the effect of secondary forces.
45) If c be the fraction of the reciprocating parts of mass m to be balanced per cyclinder of a steam
locomotive with crank radius r, angular speed ω, distance between centre lines of two cylinders
w.

a, then the magnitude of the maximum swaying couple is given by

a) 1 – c / 2 mrω2a
b) 1 – c / √2mrω2a
ww

c) √2(1 – c)mrω2a
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when (cosθ+sinθ) is maximum or
minimum. For (cosθ+sinθ) to be maximum or minimum
∴ tanθ =1 or θ = 45° or 225°
Maximum value of the swaying couple = 1 – c / √2mrω2a

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46) The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when the angle of inclination of the crank to the
line of stroke ( θ ) is equal to
a) 45° and 135°
b) 90° and 135°
c) 135° and 225°
d) 45° and 225°

Answer: d
Explanation: The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when (cosθ+sinθ) is maximum or

.in
minimum. For (cosθ+sinθ) to be maximum or minimum
∴ tanθ =1 or θ = 45° or 225°
47) The tractive force is maximum or minimum when the angle of inclination of the crank to the

ng
line of stroke ( θ ) is equal to
a) 90° and 225°
b) 135° and 180°

eri
c) 180° and 225°
d) 135° and 315°

Answer: d
e
gin
Explanation: The tractive force is maximum or minimum when (cos θ – sin θ ) is maximum or
minimum. For (cos θ – sin θ ) to be maximum or minimum,
∴ tanθ = −1 or θ =135° or 315°
48) The swaying couple is due to the
En

a) primary unbalanced force

b) secondary unbalanced force
c) two cylinders of locomotive
arn

d) partial balancing

Answer: a
Le

Explanation: The unbalanced forces along the line of stroke for the two cylinders constitute a
couple. This couple has swaying effect about a vertical axis, and tends to sway the engine
alternately in clockwise and anticlockwise directions. Hence the couple is known as swaying
w.

couple.
49) In a locomotive, the maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force along the perpendicular to
the line of stroke, is known as
ww

a) tractive force
b) swaying couple
c) hammer blow
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force along the perpendicular to the
line of stroke is known as hammer blow. The effect of hammer blow is to cause the variation in
pressure between the wheel and the rail.

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50) What is the total no. of cylinders in a locomotive having crank at right angles?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: The locomotives, usually, have two cylinders with cranks placed at right angles to
each other, this is done in order to have uniformity in turning moment diagram.

.in
51) For a two cylinder locomotives, the crank are placed at right angles to each other.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: The locatives in general have two cylinders having cranks at an angle of 90

eri
degrees to each other in order to have uniform turning moment diagram.
52) In an inside cylinder locomotive, the position of the driving wheels is _________
a) Outside cylinder
b) Inside cylinder
e
gin
c) Down to cylinder
d) Above the cylinder

Answer: a
En

Explanation: In an inside cylinder locomotive, the two cylinders are placed in between the two
driving wheels at an angle of 90 degrees to each other.
53) In an outside cylinder locomotive, the position of the driving wheels is _________
arn

a) Outside cylinder
b) Inside cylinder
c) Down to cylinder
Le

d) Above the cylinder

Answer: b
w.

Explanation: In an outside cylinder locomotive, the two cylinders are placed outside the two
driving wheels at an angle of 90 degrees to each other.
54) A single or uncoupled locomotive is one, in which the effort is transmitted to _____
ww

a) Both the pair of wheels

b) Alternatively between the wheels
c) One pair of wheels
d) Neither of the wheels

Answer: c
Explanation: A single or uncoupled locomotive is one, in which the effort is transmitted to one
pair of the wheels only.

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55) In coupled locomotives, the driving wheels are connected to the leading and trailing wheel by
an _______ coupling rod.
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) Sideway
d) Bottom

Answer: b
Explanation: In coupled locomotives, the driving wheels are connected to the leading and

.in
trailing wheel by an outside coupling rod.
56) What is the effect of partial balancing of the reciprocating parts?
a) Unbalanced primary force

ng
b) Unbalanced secondary force
c) Balanced primary force
d) Balanced secondary force

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: The reciprocating parts are only partially balanced. Due to this partial balancing of

e
the reciprocating parts, there is an unbalanced primary force along the line of stroke.
gin
57) Identify the type of locomotive from the given figure.
En
arn
Le
w.
ww

a) Inside cylinder
b) Outside cylinder
c) Top cylinder
d) Bottom cylinder

Answer: a
Explanation: The given figure is of an inside cylinder locomotive, In an inside cylinder

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locomotive, the two cylinders are placed in between the two driving wheels at an angle of 90
degrees to each other.
58) In the given figure, the locomotive is a 4 cylinder locomotive.

.in
ng
a) True
e eri
gin
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The given figure is of an inside cylinder locomotive, since there are only two
En

cranks at right angles to each other, it is two cylinder locomotive.

59) Identify the type of locomotive from the given figure.
arn
Le
w.
ww

a) Inside cylinder
b) Outside cylinder
c) Top cylinder
d) Bottom cylinder

Answer: b
Explanation: The given figure is of an outside cylinder locomotive, In an outside cylinder

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locomotive, the two cylinders are on the either side of the two driving wheels at an angle of 90
degrees to each other.
60) Due to partial balancing there is unbalanced force only along the line of stroke.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Partial balancing results in generation of unbalanced force acting along the line of
stroke and in a direction perpendicular to the line of stroke.

.in
61) The effect of an unbalanced primary force along the line of stroke is to produce ________
a) Swaying couple
b) Constant tractive force

ng
c) Piston effort
d) Crank effort

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: The major effect of an unbalanced primary force along the line of stroke is to
produce Swaying couple and change in Tractive force along the line of stroke.

e
62) The effect of an unbalanced primary force perpendicular to the line of stroke is to produce
gin
_____
a) Variation in pressure on the rails
b) Variation in tractive force
c) Swaying couple
En

d) Piston effort

Answer: a
arn

Explanation: The effect of an unbalanced primary force along the line of stroke is to produce
Swaying couple and variation in tractive force along the line of stroke and The effect of an
unbalanced primary force perpendicular to the line of stroke is to produce variation in pressure
Le

on the rails.
63) What is the effect of variation of pressure on the rails?
a) Hammering action
w.

b) Piston effort
c) Variation in tractive force
d) Swaying couple
ww

Answer: a
Explanation: The effect of an unbalanced primary force perpendicular to the line of stroke is to
produce variation in pressure on the rails, which results in hammering action on the rails.
64) Hammering action on the rails is caused by _______
a) Variation of pressure on the rails
b) Variation of temperature on the rails
c) Variation of thermal diffusibility of the rails

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d) Variation of crank effort

Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force along the perpendicular to the
line of stroke of rails is the hammering action caused by the variation in pressure on the rails
due to unbalanced forces.
65) Hammer blow is along the line of stroke of the unbalanced force.
a) True
b) False

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: Hammer blow is defined as the maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force

ng
along the perpendicular to the line of action of the stroke, it’s effect can be seen as the
hammering effect on the rails.
66) The resultant unbalanced force due to the two cylinders, along the line of stroke, is known as

eri
______
a) Tractive force
b) Swaying couple
c) Hammer blow
e
gin
d) Hammer couple

Answer: a
Explanation: The resultant unbalanced force due to the two cylinders, along the line of stroke,
En

is known as tractive force. The value of tractive force depends on the angle of the crank.
67) Tractive force is produced due to unbalanced forces perpendicular to the line of stroke of
action.
arn

a) True
b) False
Le

Answer: b
Explanation: Tractive force is produced due to unbalanced forces along the line of stroke of
action. The value of tractive force depends on the angle of the crank.
w.

68) At which of the following angles in degrees does the tractive force attains a maximum value?
a) 135
b) 45
ww

c) 90
d) 60

Answer: a
Explanation: The tractive force is maximum or minimum when (cos θ – sin θ) is maximum or
minimum, differentiating it with respect to theta gives tan θ = -1
hence maximum/minimum value occurs at 135 or 315 degrees.
69) At which of the following angles in degrees does the tractive force attains a minimum value?
a) 315

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b) 45
c) 90
d) 60

Answer: a
Explanation: The tractive force is minimum when (cos θ – sin θ) is minimum, differentiating it
with respect to theta gives tan θ = -1
hence maximum/minimum value occurs at 135 or 315 degrees.
70) Find the maximum value of tractive force in newtons from the following data:

.in
m = 100Kg
ω = 300 rpm
radius = 0.6m

ng
c = 2/3
a) 6978
b) 7574

eri
c) 6568
d) 7374

Answer: a
e
gin
Explanation: The maximum value of tractive force is given by
+√2 (1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
F = 6978 N.
En

71) Find the variation in tractive force in newtons from the following data:
m = 100Kg
ω = 300 rpm
arn

radius = 0.6m
c = 2/3
a) 13956
Le

b) 17574
c) 16568
d) 17374
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: The variation in tractive force is given by
ww

±√2 (1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
F = 13956 N.
72) Find the minimum value of tractive force in newtons from the following data:
m = 100Kg
ω = 300 rpm
radius = 0.6m
c = 2/3
a) -6978

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b) -7574
c) -6568
d) -7374

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum value of tractive force is given by
-√2 (1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
F = 6978 N.

.in
73) Tractive force attains a maxima or minima when the crank angle is 90 degrees.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: The tractive force is maximum or minimum when the expression (cos θ – sin θ ) is

eri
maximum or minimum, differentiating it with respect to theta gives tan θ = -1
hence maximum/minimum value occurs at 135 or 315 degrees.
74) The unbalanced forces along the line of stroke for the two cylinders constitute a ______ about
the centre line between the cylinders.
e
gin
a) Tension
b) Compression
c) Torsion
d) Couple
En

Answer: d
Explanation: The unbalanced forces along the line of stroke for the two cylinders constitute a
arn

couple about the centre line between the cylinders. This couple is known as swaying couple as
it has a swaying effect.
75) This couple has swaying effect about a horizontal axis.
Le

a) True
b) False
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: This couple has swaying effect about a vertical axis, and tends to sway the engine
alternately in clockwise and anticlockwise directions. About horizontal axis no swaying effect is
ww

observed.
76) Which of the following has a tendency to sway engine in alternately in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions?
a) Swaying couple
b) Tractive force
c) Hammer blow
d) Hammer couple

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Answer: a
Explanation: A couple having a swaying effect about a vertical axis, and a tendency to sway the
engine alternately in clockwise and anticlockwise directions is known as swaying couple.
77) At which of the following angles in degrees does the swaying couple attains a maximum value?
a) 135
b) 45
c) 90
d) 60

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when (cosθ + sin θ) is maximum or
minimum. This results in a relation tanθ=1

ng
hence theta = 45 degrees or 225 degrees.
78) If the maximum value occurs at 45 degrees then at which of the following angles in degrees will
the swaying couple attains its maximum value again?

eri
a) 135
b) 45
c) 225
d) 60
e
gin
Answer: c
Explanation: The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when the relation (cos θ + sin θ) is
maximum or minimum. This results in a relation tan θ=1
En

hence theta = 45 degrees or 225 degrees.

79) Find the maximum value of swaying couple in newtons from the following data:
m = 100Kg
arn

ω = 300 rpm
radius = 0.6m
c = 2/3
Le

a = 22–√m
a) 6978
b) 7574
w.

c) 6568
d) 7374
ww

Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum value of Swaying couple is given by
+a/2–√ (1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
F = 6978 N.
80) Find the minimum value of swaying couple in newtons from the following data:
m = 100Kg
ω = 300 rpm
radius = 0.6m

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c = 2/3
a = 22–√m
a) -6978
b) -7574
c) -6568
d)- 7374

Answer: a
Explanation: The minimum value of Swaying couple is given by

.in
-(a/2–√)(1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
F = -6978 N.

ng
81) Swaying couple attains a maxima or minima when the crank angle is 45 degrees.
a) True
b) False

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: The swaying couple is maximum or minimum when the expression (cos θ +sin θ )

e
is maximum or minimum, differentiating it with respect to theta gives tan θ = 1
gin
hence maximum/minimum value occurs at 45 or 225 degrees.
82) Find the variation in swaying couple in newtons from the following data:
m = 100Kg
ω = 300 rpm
En

radius = 0.6m
c = 2/3
a = 22–√m
arn

a) 13956
b) 17574
c) 16568
Le

d) 17374

Answer: a
w.

Explanation: The variation in tractive force is given by

±a/2–√ (1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
ww

F = 13956 N.
83) Find the maximum value of swaying couple in newtons from the following data:
m = 200Kg
ω = 300 rpm
radius = 0.6m
c = 2/3
a = 22–√m
a) 13956
b) 17574

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c) 16568
d) 17374

Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum value of Swaying couple is given by
+a/2–√(1-c)mω2r
substituting the values we get
F = 13956 N.
84) In a coupled locomotive, the driving wheels are connected to the leading and trailing wheels by

.in
a/an __________
a) Outside coupling rod
b) Inside coupling rod

ng
c) Backside coupling rod
d) Frontend coupling rod

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: In a coupled locomotive, the driving wheels are connected to the leading and
trailing wheels by an outside coupling rod.

e
85) For a coupled locomotive, the driving wheels and the leading and trailing wheels are connected
gin
by an inside coupling rod.
a) True
b) False
En

Answer: b
Explanation: In a coupled locomotive, the driving wheels are connected to the leading and
trailing wheels by an outside coupling rod.
arn

86) On connecting a wheel through outside coupling rod, which utility comes of use?
a) Tractive
b) Swaying
Le

c) Hammer
d) Piston
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: For a coupled locomotive, the driving wheels and the leading and trailing wheels
are connected by an outside coupling rod. A significantly greater portion of the engine mass is
ww

utilized by tractive purposes.

87) In coupled locomotives, the coupling rod cranks are placed diametrically opposite to the
adjacent ________
a) Driving cranks
b) Driving rods
c) Driving piston
d) Driving valves

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Answer: a
Explanation: In coupled locomotives, the coupling rod cranks are placed at a position which is
diametrically opposite to the adjacent driving cranks which are also known as the main cranks.
88) Coupling rods with connecting rods and pins can be treated as ________
a) Rotating masses
b) Masses in linear motion
c) Reciprocating masses
d) Massless

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: The coupling rods together along with cranks and pins can be treated as rotating
masses, and completely balanced by masses in the respective wheels i.e trailing, driving and

ng
leading.
89) The variation of pressure between the wheel and the rail (i.e. hammer blow) may be reduced
by _______

eri
a) Equal distribution of balanced masses
b) More mass towards driving wheel
c) More mass towards trailing wheel
d) More mass towards leading wheel
e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: The variation of pressure between the wheel and the rail also known as hammer
blow, it can be reduced by equal distribution of the balanced mass between the three wheels
En

i.e driving, leading and trailing wheels respectively.

90) In coupled locomotives, where are the coupling rod cranks placed with respect to the main
crank?
arn

a) Diametrically opposite
b) At 90 degrees
c) At 60 degrees
Le

d) At 120 degrees

Answer: b
w.

Explanation: In coupled locomotives, the coupling rod cranks are placed at a position which is
diametrically opposite to the adjacent main cranks (i.e. driving cranks).
91) If the connecting rod is not too long, then which of the following phenomenon occurs?
ww

a) Secondary disturbing forces

b) Primary disturbing forces
c) Secondary stabilizing forces
d) Primary stabilizing forces

Answer: a
Explanation: When the connecting rod isn’t too long or in other words when the obliquity of
the connecting rod is taken into consideration, then the secondary disturbing force due to the
reciprocating mass arises.

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92) When the connecting rod is too long, secondary forces arise due to reciprocating masses.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: When the obliquity of the connecting rod is taken into consideration which means
that the long is not too long, then the secondary disturbing force due to the reciprocating mass
arises.
93) Which of the following is the correct expression for secondary force?

.in
a) mω2r.cos2θ/n
b) mω2r.sin2θ/n
c) mω2r.tan2θ/n

ng
d) mω2r.cosθ/n

Answer: a

eri
Explanation: The secondary force depends on the following factors:
mass, rotating speed, radius of crank and the cosine of the crank angle.
94) In a multicylinder inline engine, each imaginary secondary crank with a mass attached to the

e
crankpin is inclined to the line of stroke at which angle?
gin
a) Twice the angle of crank
b) Half the angle of crank
c) Thrice the angle of crank
d) Four times the angle of crank
En

Answer: a
Explanation: In multi-cylinder in-line engines, each of the imaginary secondary crank with a
arn

mass attached to the crankpin is inclined to the line of stroke at twice the angle of the actual
crank.
95) The numerical values of the secondary forces and secondary couples couples may be obtained
Le

by considering the ___________

a) Revolving mass
b) Reciprocating mass
w.

c) Translating mass
d) Rotating mass
ww

Answer: a
Explanation: Each imaginary secondary crank with a mass attached to the crankpin is inclined
to the line of stroke at two times the angle of the actual crank. The values of the secondary
forces and couples can be obtained by considering the revolving mass.
96) For the secondary balancing of the engine, which of the condition is necessary?
a) Secondary force polygon must be close
b) Secondary force polygon must be open
c) Primary force polygon must be close

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d) Primary force polygon must be open

Answer: a
Explanation: In order to achieve the secondary balancing of the engine. The sum (algebraic ) of
the secondary forces must be equal to zero. In other words, the secondary force polygon must
close.
97) For the secondary balancing of the engine, which of the condition is necessary?
a) Secondary couple polygon must be close
b) Secondary couple polygon must be open

.in
c) Primary force polygon must be close
d) Primary force polygon must be open

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: In order to achieve the secondary balancing of the engine. The sum (algebraic ) of
the secondary couples must be equal to zero. In other words, the secondary couple polygon

eri
must close.
98) If the secondary couple polygon is open and the force polygon is closed then stability is
achieved.
a) True
e
gin
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: In order to achieve stability, the sum of secondary forces and secondary couples
En

must be zero and their respective polygons must be closed.

99) A V-twin engine has the cylinder axes at 90 degrees and the connecting rods operate a
common crank. The reciprocating mass per cylinder is 11.5 kg and the crank radius is 7.5 cm.
arn

The length of the connecting rod is 0.3 m. If the engine is rotating at the speed is 500 r.p.m.
What is the value of maximum resultant secondary force in Newtons?
a) 736
Le

b) 836
c) 936
d) 636
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum resultant secondary force is given by the equation:
ww

2–√ (m/n)xω2.r
substituting the values we get
Fsmax = 836 N.
100) If the mass of the reciprocating parts is doubled, then the primary force is halved.
a) True
b) False

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Answer: b
Explanation: The primary force has a direct relation with the mass of the reciprocating parts
thus doubling the mass will result in an increment of two times in the primary force.
101) A V-twin engine has the cylinder axes at 90 degrees and the connecting rods operate a
common crank. The reciprocating mass per cylinder is 23 kg and the crank radius is 7.5 cm. The
length of the connecting rod is 0.3 m. If the engine is rotating at the speed is 500 r.p.m. What is
the value of maximum resultant secondary force in Newtons?
a) 7172
b) 1672

.in
c) 1122
d) 1272

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum resultant secondary force is given by the equation:
2–√ (m/n)xω2.r

eri
substituting the values we get
Fsmax = 1672 N.
102) A V-twin engine has the cylinder axes at 90 degrees and the connecting rods operate a

e
common crank. The reciprocating mass per cylinder is 34.5 kg and the crank radius is 7.5 cm.
gin
The length of the connecting rod is 0.3 m. If the engine is rotating at the speed is 500 r.p.m.
What is the value of maximum resultant secondary force in kN?
a) 2.238
b) 2.508
En

c) 2.754
d) 2.908
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum resultant secondary force is given by the equation:
2–√ (m/n)xω2.r
Le

substituting the values we get

Fsmax = 2508 N.
103) From the following data of a 60 degree V-twin engine, determine the maximum value for
w.

secondary forces in newtons:

Reciprocating mass per cylinder = 1.5 Kg
Stroke length = 10 cm
ww

Length of connecting rod = 25 cm

Engine speed = 2500 rpm
a) 890.3
b) 760.4
c) 580.3
d) 970.6

Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum value for secondary force is given by the equation:

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3–√ /2x(m/n).ω2.r
substituting the values we get
Fpmax = 890.3 N.

104) From the following data of a 60 degree V-twin engine, determine the maximum value for
primary forces in newtons:
Reciprocating mass per cylinder = 1.5 Kg
Stroke length = 10 cm
Length of connecting rod = 25 cm

.in
Engine speed = 2500 rpm
a) 7711
b) 4546

ng
c) 2508
d) 8764

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: The primary force is maximum, when θ = θ°
therefore the equation for maximum primary force becomes
(m/2)ω2rx3
e
gin
substituting the values we get
Fpmax = 7711 N.
105) From the following data of a 60 degree V-twin engine, determine the minimum value for
primary forces in newtons:
En

Reciprocating mass per cylinder = 1.5 Kg

Stroke length = 10 cm
Length of connecting rod = 25 cm
arn

Engine speed = 2500 rpm

a) 7711
b) 4546
Le

c) 2570
d) 8764
w.

Answer: c
Explanation: The primary force is maximum, when θ = 90°
therefore the equation for maximum primary force becomes
ww

(m/2)ω2r
substituting the values we get
Fpmax = 2570 N.
106) For a V-twin engine, which of the following means can be used to balance the primary forces?
a) Revolving balance mass
b) Rotating balance mass
c) Reciprocating balance mass
d) By the means of secondary forces

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Answer: a
Explanation: We know that primary resultant force depends on speed of revolution, mass and
radius of rotation. Hence revolving mass can be used to balance the primary forces.

UNIT – III FREE VIBRATION

1) When there is a reduction in amplitude over every cycle of vibration, then the body is said to
have
a) free vibration

.in
b) forced vibration
c) damped vibration
d) none of the mentioned

ng
Answer: c
Explanation: When no external force acts on the body, after giving it an initial displacement,

eri
then the body is said to be under free or natural vibrations. The frequency of the free vibrations
is called free or natural frequency.
When there is a reduction in amplitude over every cycle of vibration, the motion is said to be
damped vibration.
e
gin
2) Longitudinal vibrations are said to occur when the particles of a body moves
a) perpendicular to its axis
b) parallel to its axis
c) in a circle about its axis
En

d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
arn

Explanation: When the particles of the shaft or disc moves parallel to the axis of the shaft, then
the vibrations are known as longitudinal vibrations.
When the particles of the shaft or disc move approximately perpendicular to the axis of the
Le

shaft, then the vibrations are known as transverse vibrations.

3) When a body is subjected to transverse vibrations, the stress induced in a body will be
a) shear stress
w.

b) tensile stress
c) compressive stress
d) none of the mentioned
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: In transverse vibrations,the shaft is straight and bent alternately and bending
stresses are induced in the shaft.
4) The natural frequency (in Hz) of free longitudinal vibrations is equal to
a) 1/2π√s/m
b) 1/2π√g/δ
c) 0.4985/δ

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d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Natural Frequency, fn = 0.4985/δ
where m = Mass of the body in kg,
s = Stiffness of the body in N/m, and
δ = Static deflection of the body in metres.
5) The factor which affects the critical speed of a shaft is
a) diameter of the disc

.in
b) span of the shaft
c) eccentricity
d) all of the mentioned

ng
Answer: d
Explanation: To determine the critical speed of a shaft which may be subjected to point loads,

eri
uniformly distributed load or combination of both, we find the frequency of transverse vibration
which is equal to critical speed of a shaft in r.p.s. The Dunkerley’s method may be used for
calculating the frequency.

e
6) The equation of motion for a vibrating system with viscous damping is
gin
d2x/dt2 + c/m X dx/dt + s/m X x = 0
If the roots of this equation are real, then the system will be
a) over damped
b) under damped
En

c) critically damped
d) none of the mentioned
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: When the roots are real, overdamping takes place.
When the roots are complex conjugate underdamping takes place.
Le

7) In under damped vibrating system, if x1 and x2 are the successive values of the amplitude on the
same side of the mean position, then the logarithmic decrement is equal to
a) x1/x2
w.

b) log (x1/x2)
c) loge (x1/x2)
d) log (x1.x2)
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: None
8) The ratio of the maximum displacement of the forced vibration to the deflection due to the
static force, is known as
a) damping factor
b) damping coefficient
c) logarithmic decrement

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d) magnification factor

Answer: d
Explanation: Magnificiant Factor is the ratio of maximum displacement of the forced vibration
(xmax) to the deflection due to the static force F(xo).
Damping Factor is the ratio of amping coefficient for the actual system, and damping coefficient
for the critical damped system.
9) In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn is less than √2 , then for all values of the damping factor,
the transmissibility will be

.in
a) less than unity
b) equal to unity
c) greater than unity

ng
d) zero
where ω = Circular frequency of the system in rad/s, and
ωn = Natural circular frequency of vibration of the system in rad/s.

eri
Answer: c
Explanation: The value of ω/ωn must be greater than √2 if ε is to be less than 1 and it is the

e
numerical value of ε , independent of any phase difference between the forces that may exist
gin
which is important.
10) In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn > 1, then the phase difference between the transmitted
force and the disturbing force is
a) 0°
En

b) 90°
c) 180°
d) 270°
arn

Answer: c
Explanation: There is a phase difference of 180° between the transmitted force and the
Le

disturbing force.
11) In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn, then the phase difference between the transmitted force
and the disturbing force is
w.

a) 0°
b) 90°
c) 180°
ww

d) 270°

Answer: c
Explanation: In Vibration-isolation system, If the phase difference between transmitted force
and the disturbing force is 180°C, then ω/ωn = 1.
12) When a body is subjected to transverse vibrations, the stress induced in a body will be
a) shear stress
b) bending stress
c) tensile stress

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d) compressive stress

Answer: b
Explanation: The critical speed of a shaft with a disc supported in between is equal to the
natural frequency of the system in transverse vibrations and the stress induced is bending
stress.
13) The critical speed of a shaft with a disc supported in between is equal to the natural frequency
of the system in
a) transverse vibrations

.in
b) torsional vibrations
c) longitudinal vibrations
d) none of the mentioned

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: The critical speed of a shaft with a disc supported in between is equal to the

eri
natural frequency of the system in transverse vibrations and the stress induced is bending
stress.
14) In steady state forced vibrations, the amplitude of vibrations at resonance is _____________
damping coefficient.
e
gin
a) equal to
b) directly proportional to
c) inversely proportional to
d) independent of
En

Answer: c
Explanation: Forced vibration is when a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement or
arn

velocity) is applied to a mechanical system. The disturbance can be a periodic and steady-state
input, a transient input, or a random input. The periodic input can be a harmonic or a non-
harmonic disturbance.
Le

15) When there is a reduction in amplitude over every cycle of vibration, then the body is said to
have
a) free vibration
w.

b) forced vibration
c) damped vibration
d) under damped vibration
ww

Answer: c
Explanation: The vibrations of a body whose amplitude goes on reducing over every cycle of
vibrations are known as damped vibrations. This is due to the fact that a certain amount of
energy possessed by the vibrating body is always dissipated in overcoming frictional resistance
to the motion.In these vibrations, the amplitude of the vibrations decreases exponentially due
to damping forces like frictional force, viscous force, hysteresis etc.
16) In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn < 2, then for all values of damping factor, the
transmissibility will be

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a) less than unity
b) equal to unity
c) greater than unity
d) zero

Answer: c
Explanation: For underdamped systems the maximum amplitude of excitation has a definite
value and it occurs at a frequency ω/ωn1. For damping factor, the transmissibility will be greater
than unity.

.in
17) The accelerometer is used as a transducer to measure earthquake in Richter scale. Its design is
based on the principle that
a) its natural frequency is very low in comparison to the frequency of vibration

ng
b) its natural frequency is very high in comparison to the frequency of vibration
c) its natural frequency is equal to the frequency of vibration
d) measurement of vibratory motion is without any reference point

eri
Answer: c
Explanation: Natural frequency need to be equal to frequency of vibration so that resonance

e
exists and it should show the indication of earthquake.
gin
18) While calculating the natural frequency of a spring-mass system, the effect of the mass of the
spring is accounted for by adding X times its value to the mass, where X is
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
En

c) 1/4
d) 3/4
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: Velocity at a distance “y” from fixed End = Velocity at free end /length of spring x y
∆k = 1/2 x M/3 x v2.
Le

19) Critical speed is expressed as

a) rotation of shaft in degrees
b) rotation of shaft in radians
w.

c) rotation of shaft in minutes

d) natural frequency of the shaft
ww

Answer: d
Explanation: Critical speed is expressed as natural frequency of the shaft.
20) The first critical speed of an automobile running on a sinusoidal road is calculated by (modeling
it as a single degree of freedom system)
a) Resonance
b) Approximation
c) Superposition
d) Rayleigh quotient

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Answer: a
Explanation: Frequency of automobile and road are same.
21) The natural frequency of a spring-mass system on earth is ωn. The natural frequency of this
system on the moon (gmoon = gearth/6) is
a) ωn
b) 0.408ωn
c) 0.204ωn
d) 0.167ωn

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: We know natural frequency of a spring mass system is,
ωn = √k/m ………..(i)

ng
This equation (i) does not depend on the g and weight (W = mg)
So, the natural frequency of a spring mass system is unchanged on the moon.
Hence, it will remain ωn , i.e. ωmoon = ωn.

eri
22) A vehicle suspension system consists of a spring and a damper. The stiffness of the spring is 3.6
kN/m and the damping constant of the damper is 400 Ns/m. If the mass is 50 kg, then the
damping factor (d ) and damped natural frequency (fn), respectively, are
a) 0.471 and 1.19 Hz
e
gin
b) 0.471 and 7.48 Hz
c) 0.666 and 1.35 Hz
d) 0.666 and 8.50 Hz
En

Answer: a
Explanation: Given k = 3.6 kN/m, c = 400 Ns/m, m = 50 kg
We know that, Natural Frequency
arn

ωn = √k/m = 8.485 rad/ sec

And damping factor is given by,
d = c/cc = c/2√km = 0.471
Le

Damping Natural frequency,

ωd = √1 – d2 ωn
2пfd = √1 – d2 ωn
w.

fd = 1.19 Hz.
23) For an under damped harmonic oscillator, resonance
a) occurs when excitation frequency is greater than undamped natural frequency
ww

b) occurs when excitation frequency is less than undamped natural frequency

c) occurs when excitation frequency is equal to undamped natural frequency
d) never occurs

Answer: c
Explanation: For an under damped harmonic oscillator resonance occurs when excitation
frequency is equal to the undamped natural frequency
ωd = ωn.

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24) Find the natural frequency in Hz of the free longitudinal vibrations if the displacement is 2mm.
a) 11.14
b) 12.38
c) 11.43
d) 11.34

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the natural Frequency of Free Longitudinal Vibration is given by the
equation

.in
f = 0.4985/s√
where s is the displacement of the spring.
25) If the spring displacement is high then the frequency of the spring increases.

ng
a) True
b) False

eri
Answer: b
Explanation: The natural frequency of the free longitudinal vibration depends on the
displacement and gravitational acceleration (g) by the relation:
f= 0.4985/s√
e
gin
where s is the displacement of the spring.
since it is not directly proportional, the given statement is false.
26) Find the displacement in mm of the free longitudinal vibrations if the Natural frequency is 15 Hz.
a) 1.1
En

b) 1.2
c) 1.5
d) 1.6
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the natural Frequency of Free Longitudinal Vibration is given by the
Le

equation
f = 0.4985/s√
where s is the displacement of the spring.
w.

substituting the given values we get

s=1.1 mm.
27) Find the displacement in mm of the free longitudinal vibrations if the Natural frequency is 20 Hz.
ww

a) 0.1
b) 0.2
c) 0.5
d) 0.6

Answer: d
Explanation: We know that the natural Frequency of Free Longitudinal Vibration is given by the
equation
f= 0.4985/s√

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where s is the displacement of the spring.
Substituting the given values we get:
s=0.6 mm.
28) Which of the following methods will give an incorrect relation of the frequency for free
vibration?
a) Equilibrium method
b) Energy method
c) Reyleigh’s method
d) Klein’s method

.in
Answer: d
Explanation: Equilibrium, Energy and Reyleigh’s method give the same relation between the

ng
natural frequency and displacement of free vibration whereas klein’s method is used to
calculate velocity and acceleration of the parts of the mechanisms.
29) A cantilever shaft has a diameter of 6 cm and the length is 40cm, it has a disc of mass 125 kg at

eri
its free end. The Young’s modulus for the shaft material is 250 GN/m². Calculate the static
deflection in nm.
a) 0.001
b) 0.083
e
gin
c) 1.022
d) 0.065

Answer: a
En

Explanation: Area = πd2/4 = 0.00282 m2

s = W.l/A.E
= 0.001 nm.
arn

30) Static deflection and frequency are independent of each other.

a) True
b) False
Le

Answer: b
Explanation: The natural frequency of the free longitudinal vibration depends on the static
w.

displacement and gravitational acceleration (g) by the relation:

f = 0.4985/s√.
31) A cantilever shaft having 50 mm diameter and length of 300 mm has a disc of mass 100 kg at its
ww

free end. The Young’s modulus for the shaft material is 200 GN/m2. Calculate the natural
longitudinal frequency in Hz.
a) 575
b) 625
c) 525
d) 550

Answer: a
Explanation: Area = πd2/4 = 0.00196 m2

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s = W.l/A.E = = 0.751 µm
I = 0.3×10-6 m4
f = 0.4985/s√
= 575 Hz.
32) If the mass is of 10 Kg, find the natural frequency in Hz of the free longitudinal vibrations. The
displacement is 0.01mm.
a) 44.14
b) 49.85
c) 43.43

.in
d) 46.34

Answer: b

ng
Explanation: We know that the natural Frequency of Free Longitudinal Vibration is given by the
equation
f = 0.4985/s√

eri
where s is the displacement of the spring.
substituting the given values we get
f=49.85 Hz

e
It is to be noted that mass has no effect on the natural frequency as it only depends on the
gin
displacement.
33) A cantilever shaft having 50 mm diameter and a length of 300 mm has a disc of mass 100 kg at
its free end. The Young’s modulus for the shaft material is 200 GN/m2. Determine the frequency
of transverse vibrations of the shaft.
En

a) 31
b) 35
c) 37
arn

d) 41

Answer: d
Le

Explanation: We know that deflection is given by the relation:

Wl3/3E.I
I = 0.3×10-6 m4
w.

d = 0.147×10-3
f = 0.4985/d−−√
Thus f = 41 Hz.
ww

34) For the same dimensions of a beam, transverse vibrations have a lower frequency than
longitudinal frequency.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Keeping the dimensions of the testing beam same, it is noted that the natural
frequency of vibrations obtained in longitudinal waves is larger than the one obtained in
transverse waves.

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35) A cantilever shaft having 50 mm diameter and a length of 300 mm has a disc of mass 100 kg at
its free end. The Young’s modulus for the shaft material is 200 GN/m3. Determine the static
deflection of the shaft in mm.
a) 0.147
b) 0.213
c) 0.132
d) 0.112

Answer: a

.in
Explanation: We know that deflection is given by the relation:
Wl3/3E.I
W = 100xg, l=0.3m, I = I = 0.3×10-6 m4

ng
substituting values we get d = 0.147mm.
36) For the same dimensions of the shaft which of the following has the greater natural frequency?
a) Transverse

eri
b) Longitudinal
c) Depends on thickness
d) Depends upon length

e
gin
Answer: b
Explanation: If the dimensions of the testing beam are kept same, it is observed that the natural
frequency of vibrations obtained in longitudinal waves is larger than the one obtained in
transverse waves.
En

37) Calculate the natural frequency of transverse vibrations if the static deflection is 0.01mm.
a) 157.6
b) 144.8
arn

c) 173.2
d) 154.1
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the natural Frequency of Free Transverse Vibration is given by the
equation
w.

f = 0.4985/s√
where s is the displacement of the spring.
substituting the given values we get
ww

f=157.6 Hz.
38) Increasing mass will result in lower frequency.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that deflection is given by the relation :
Wl3/3E.I

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Increasing the mass will result in an increased deflection which, frequency decreases as the
deflection increases hence increasing mass will reduce the frequency of vibration.
39) Calculate the static deflection in µm of transverse vibrations if the frequency is 200Hz.
a) 6
b) 0.6
c) 60
d) 0.006

Answer: a

.in
Explanation: We know that the natural Frequency of Free Transverse Vibration is given by the
equation
f = 0.4985/s√

ng
where s is the displacement of the spring.
substituting the given values we get
f = 0.00000621255625 m.

eri
40) Assuming the shaft to be freely supported. Calculate the whirling speed of the shaft : 2 cm
diameter and 60 cm long carrying a mass of 1 kg at its mid-point. The density of the shaft
material is 40 Mg/m3, and Young’s modulus is 200 GN/m2.
a) 2598
e
gin
b) 2434
c) 2756
d) 2634
En

Answer: a
Explanation: I = πd4/64 = 7.855×10-9 m4
d due to 1 kg mass = 28×10-6 m
arn

d due to mass of the shaft = 0.133×10-3m

substituting these values into the frequency relation of transverse vibrations
we get
Le

f = 43.3 Hz
Therefore Nc = 43.3×60 = 2598 rpm.
41) When the centre of gravity of the rotor lies between the centre line of the shaft and the centre
w.

line of the bearing, e is taken positive.

a) True
b) False
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: If the centre of gravity(G) of the rotor does not lie between the centre line of the
shaft and the centre line of the bearing, then the value of e is taken positive.
42) The speed at which the shaft runs so that the additional deflection from the axis of rotation of
the shaft becomes infinite, is known as _________
a) Whirling speed
b) Rotational speed
c) Stabilizing speed

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d) Reciprocating speed

Answer: a
Explanation: The rotational speed at which the shaft runs so that the additional deflection of the
shaft from the axis of rotation becomes infinite, is known as critical or whirling speed.
43) From the following data, calculate the critical speed of the shaft in rps.
Shaft diameter = 5mm
length = 200mm
Mass of disc = 50Kg at centre of shaft

.in
E = 200GN/m2
Centre of disc at 0.25m away from centre of axis of shaft.
a) 8.64

ng
b) 9.64
c) 10.64
d) 11.64

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: I = πd4/64 = 30.7×10-12 m4
d = 3.33×10-3m
e
gin
substituting these values into the frequency relation of transverse vibrations
we get
Nc = 8.64 rps.
44) From the following data, calculate the static deflection in mm.
En

Critical speed = 8.64 rps

Mass of disc = 100Kg at centre of shaft
E = 100GN/m2
arn

Centre of disc at 0.25m away from centre of axis of shaft.

a) 3.32
b) 9.64
Le

c) 10.64
d) 11.64
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: I = πd4/64 = 30.7×10-12 m4
Nc = 8.64 rps
ww

substituting these values into the frequency relation of transverse vibrations

we get
d = 3.32mm.
45) If the static deflection is 1.665×10-3m, calculate the critical speed of the shaft in rps.
Centre of disc at 0.25m away from centre of axis of shaft.
a) 8.64
b) 9.64
c) 10.64

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d) 12.2

Answer: d
Explanation: d = 1.665×10-3m
substituting these values into the frequency relation of transverse vibrations
we get
Nc = 12.2 rps.
46) A shaft supported in ball bearings is assumed to be a simply supported.
a) True

.in
b) False

Answer: a

ng
Explanation: A shaft supported in short bearings is assumed to be a simply supported shaft while
the shaft supported in journal bearings is assumed to have both ends fixed.
47) From the following data, calculate the static deflection in mm.

eri
Shaft diameter = 5mm
length = 200mm
Mass of disc = 100Kg at centre of shaft
E = 100GN/m2
e
gin
Centre of disc at 0.25m away from centre of axis of shaft.
a) 4.32
b) 9.64
c) 10.64
En

d) 11.64

Answer: a
arn

Explanation: I = πd4/64 = 30.7×10-12 m4

d = 13.32×10-3m.
48) Fluid resistance causes damping which is known as ______
Le

a) Resistance damping
b) Fluid damping
c) Viscous damping
w.

d) Liquid damping

Answer: c
ww

Explanation: Damping due to the resistance offered by the fluid is known as viscous damping.
This is because of the reduction in the amplitude caused by the viscous forces of the fuild.
49) In damped vibrations, the amplitude of the resulting vibration gradually diminishes.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Since a certain amount of energy is always dissipated while overcoming the

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resistance forces, In damped vibrations, the amplitude of the resulting vibration gradually
diminishes.
50) In damped vibrations, the amplitude of the resulting vibration gradually reduces. This is due to
the reason that an amount of energy is always dissipated to overcome the ________
a) Frictional resistance
b) Work done
c) Fluid pressure
d) Air pressure

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: In case of damped vibrations, the amplitude of the resulting vibration gradually
diminishes. This is due to the reason that a certain amount of energy is always dissipated to

ng
overcome the frictional resistance.
51) The resistance to the motion of the body is provided by ______
a) Medium of vibration

eri
b) Speed of vibration
c) Length of the material
d) External friction

e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: The resistance to the motion of the vibrating body is provided partly by the
medium in which the vibration takes place and partly by the internal friction.
52) In which direction does the damping force acts?
En

a) Opposite to the motion

b) Along the motion
c) Perpendicular to motion
arn

d) Variable

Answer: a
Le

Explanation: It is assumed that the frictional resistance to the motion of the body is directly
proportional to the speed of, therefore Damping force or frictional force on the mass acts in
opposite direction to the motion of the mass.
w.

53) In which direction does the accelerating force acts?

a) Opposite to the motion
b) Along the motion
ww

c) Perpendicular to motion
d) Variable

Answer: b
Explanation: It is assumed that the frictional resistance to the motion of the body is directly
proportional to the speed, therefore accelerating force on the mass acts in same direction to the
motion of the mass.
54) In which of the following cases, overdamping occurs?
a) Roots are real

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b) Roots are complex conjugate
c) Roots are equal
d) Independent of the equation

Answer: a
Explanation: If the roots k1 and k2 are real but negative the case is of overdamping or large
damping and the mass moves slowly to the equilibrium position. This motion is known as
aperiodic.
55) In which of the following cases, underdamping occurs?

.in
a) Roots are real
b) Roots are complex conjugate
c) Roots are equal

ng
d) Independent of the equation

Answer: b

eri
Explanation: If the roots k1 and k2 are complex, the case is of underdamping or small damping
and the mass moves slowly to the equilibrium position.
56) A flywheel is mounted on a vertical shaft. The both ends of a shaft are fixed and its diameter is

e
50 mm. The flywheel has a mass of 500 kg, the modulus of rigidity for the shaft material is 80
gin
GN/m2 and its radius of gyration is 0.5 m. Find the natural frequency of torsional vibrations.
a) 5.32
b) 5.86
c) 5.65
En

d) 6.66

Answer: a
arn

Explanation: We know that J = πd4/32 = 0.6×10-6 m4

q1 = 56×103
q2 = 84×103
q = 140×103
Le

therefore using the formula for fn

we get fn = 5.32 Hz.
w.

57) If a mass whose moment of inertia is Ic/3 is placed at the free end and the constraint is assumed
to be of negligible mass, then the kinetic energy is ______
a) 1/6 Icω2
ww

b) 1/2Icω2
c) 1/3Icω2
d) 1/12Icω2

Answer: a
Explanation: Kinetic energy is given by the equation
0.5Iω2
inserting Ic/3 in place of I will give kinetic energy as
1/6 Icω2.

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58) If Ic = 125 Kg-m2 and ω= 20 rad/s, calculate the kinetic of the constraint.
a) 8333 J
b) 7333 J
c) 6333 J
d) 9333 J

Answer: a
Explanation: The kinetic energy of the constraint is given by the equation:
K.E = 1/6 Icω2

.in
substituting the value we get
K.E = 8333J.
59) If Ic = 500 Kg-m2 and ω = 10 rad/s, calculate the kinetic of the constraint.

ng
a) 8333 J
b) 7363 J
c) 4578 J

eri
d) 9333 J

Answer: a

e
Explanation: The kinetic energy of the constraint is given by the equation:
gin
K.E = 1/6 Icω2
substituting the value we get
K.E = 8333J.
60) If the mass of the constraint is negligible then what is the kinetic energy of the system?
En

a) 0
b) Half the value
c) Double the value
arn

d) Infinite

Answer: a
Le

Explanation: If the mass of the constraint is negligible, then the mass moment of inertia will be
0. As a result the expression of the kinetic energy will become 0.
61) If the mass of the constraint is negligible and a mass is attached at the end of the rod having
w.

following values: Ic = 500 Kg-m2 and ω= 10 rad/s, then calculate the kinetic of the constraint
system.
a) 8333 J
ww

b) 7363 J
c) 4578 J
d) 9333 J

Answer: a
Explanation: The kinetic energy of the constraint system in the absence of mass of constrant is
given by the equation:
K.E = 1/6 Icω2

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substituting the value we get
K.E = 8333J.
62) Free torsional vibrations will occur in a two rotor system only if both rotors have same
frequency.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: In a two rotor system the free torsional vibration will occur only if both the rotors

.in
have the same frequency of vibration, it follows the following relation between length and mass
moment of inertia: L(A)I(A) = L(B)I(B).
63) Increasing which of the following factor would result in increase of free torsional vibration?

ng
a) Radius of gyration
b) Mass moment of inertia
c) Polar moment of inertia

eri
d) Length

Answer: c

e
Explanation: The free torsional vibration frequency of a single rotor system depends by the
gin
following relation
f = (1/2) √ (C.J/Il)
Hence increase in polar moment of inertia results in increase in vibration frequency.
64) Which of the following relation is correct regarding free torsional vibrations of a single motor
En

system?
a) Independent of modulus of rigidity
b) Independent of polar moment of inertia
arn

c) Dependent on mass moment of inertia

d) Independent of length of shaft
Le

Answer: c
Explanation: The free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depends on the following
factors:
w.

Modulus of rigidity, Polar moment of inertia, mass moment of inertia and length of the shaft.
65) Free torsional vibrations of a single motor system increases with increase in polar moment of
inertia.
ww

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depends on the following
factors:
√Polar moment of inertia as directly proportional to the square root of polar moment of inertia.
66) If the polar moment of inertia is increased to four times, then what will be the effect on free
torsional vibrations of a single motor system?

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a) Increases 4 times
b) Increases 2 times
c) Decreases 4 times
d) Decreases 2 times

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depend on the square
root of the polar moment of inertia of the system, increasing 4 times will lead to increase in two
times the initial vibration.

.in
67) If the mass moment of inertia is increased to four times, then what will be the effect on free
torsional vibrations of a single motor system?
a) Increases 4 times

ng
b) Increases 2 times
c) Decreases 4 times
d) Decreases 2 times

eri
Answer: d
Explanation: Since the free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depend on the inverse

e
of square root of the mass moment of inertia of the system, increasing 4 times will lead to
gin
decrease in two times the initial vibration.
68) Calculate the free torsional vibrations of a single motor system from the following data:
C = 8 GN/m2, L=9m, I = 600 Kg-m2, J = 8×104 m4
a) 162,132
En

b) 172,132
c) 182,132
d) 192,132
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: The free torsional vibrations of a single motor system is given by
Le

12(C.J÷l.I)−−−−−−−−−√
Substituting the given values gives f = 172132 Hz.
69) If the length inertia is decreased to nine times, then what will be the effect on free torsional
w.

vibrations of a single motor system?

a) Increases 3 times
b) Increases 9 times
ww

c) Decreases 9 times
d) Decreases 3 times

Answer: a
Explanation: Since the free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depends on the inverse
of square root of the length, decreasing 9 times will lead to increase in 3 times the initial
vibration.
70) Calculate the Polar moment of inertia in m4 of a single motor system from the following data:
C = 8 GN/m2, L=9m, I = 600 Kg-m2, f=10 Hz

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a) 0.00027
b) 0.00032
c) 0.00045
d) 0.00078

Answer: a
Explanation: The free torsional vibrations of a single motor system is given by
(1/2) √ (C.J÷l.I
Substituting the given values gives J = 0.00027 m4.

.in
71) If radius of gyration increases then the torsional free vibration increases.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: Increase in the radius of gyration will result in increase in mass moment of inertia

eri
since mass moment of inertia is not directly dependent, the given statement is false.
72) Consider P and Q as the shaft having two rotors at the end of it, what is the point N known as in
the given figure?

e
gin
En
arn

a) Node
b) Elastic point
Le

c) Inelastic point
d) Breaking point
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: The torsional vibrations occur in a two-rotor system only if the rotors move in the
opposite direction, at point N there is no vibration hence it is known as node.
ww

73) In a two rotor system, torsional vibration occurs only if the rotors are moving in the same
direction.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: For a two rotor system, the torsional vibration will occur only if the rotors are
moving in the direction opposite to each other.

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74) In the given figure representing a two rotor system, what is the line LNM called?

.in
a) Node line
b) Elastic line

ng
c) Inelastic line
d) Breaking line

eri
Answer: b
Explanation: The given figure represents the shaft PQ with rotors attached to the end of it

e
making it a two rotor system, in the figure, the line LNM is known as the elastic line of the shaft.
75) For occurrence of free torsional vibration which of the condition is necessary?
gin
a) Rotors moving in same direction
b) Rotors having same frequency
c) Rotors having different frequency
En

d) Rotors rotate in the same sense

Answer: b
arn

Explanation: In a two rotor torsional vibration system, the system will rotate if the rotors are
rotating in opposite direction with the same frequency.
76) In the given figure, considering PN as one shaft, If the mass moment of inertia is increased to
four times, then what will be the effect on free torsional vibrations of a rotor at P?
Le
w.
ww

a) Increases 4 times
b) Increases 2 times
c) Decreases 4 times
d) Decreases 2 times

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Answer: d
Explanation: If N is the node then PN can be considered as a shaft of single rotor system, since
the free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depends on the inverse of square root of
the mass moment of inertia of the system, increasing 4 times will lead to decrease in two times
the initial vibration.
77) In the given figure if N is the node then NQ acts as which of the following system?

.in
ng
eri
a) Single rotor system
b) Two rotor system
c) Three rotor system
d) Four rotor system e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: If N is the node in the given figure, then N can act as a fixed end of the shaft NQ
En

where the rotor is connected at Q, hence it acts like a single rotor system.
78) Keeping the mass moment of inertia of both the shafts in a two rotor system same, if the length
of one shaft is doubled what should be the effect on the length of other shaft?
arn

a) Doubled
b) Halved
c) Constant
d) Increased to 4 times
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: The vibration will occur in a two rotor system only if the frequencies of both the
w.

rotors are same, hence L(a)I(a) = L(b)I(b). Therefore the relation is directly proportional.
79) For a two rotor system, the mass moment of inertia of one shaft(A) is twice the other(B), then
what is the relation between the length of the shafts.
ww

a) 2L(A) = L(B)
b) L(A) = 2L(B)
c) L(A) = L(B)
d) 2L(A) = 3L(B)

Answer: a
Explanation: For a two rotor system, we have L(A)I(A) = L(B)I(B)
Now I(A)=2I(B)
Therefore, 2L(A) = L(B).

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80) For a two rotor system, the length of one shaft(A) is twice the other(B), then what is the relation
between the Mass moment of inertia of the shafts.
a) 2I(A) = I(B)
b) I(A) = 2I(B)
c) I(A) = I(B)
d) 2I(A) = 3I(B)

Answer: a
Explanation: For a two rotor system, we have L(A)I(A) = L(B)I(B)

.in
Now L(A)=2L(B)
Therefore, 2I(A) = I(B).
81) In the figure given below, the points N1 and N2 are known as_______

ng
e eri
gin
En
arn

a) Nodes
b) Elastic points
c) Inelastic points
d) Breaking points
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: The torsional vibrations occur in a three rotor system only if there are one node or
w.

two nodes, at points N1 and N2 there is no vibration hence they are known as nodes.
82) In a three rotor system, free torsional vibration cannot occur if there is only one node.
a) True
ww

b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: In a three rotor system there may occur one or two nodes, free torsional vibration
may occur in presence of either one or two nodes.
83) In which of the following condition torsional vibration will not take place, considering 3 rotors A,
B and C. A is rotating in clockwise direction.
a) B in clockwise C in anticlockwise
b) C in clockwise B in anticlockwise

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c) B and C in clockwise
d) B and C in anticlockwise

Answer: c
Explanation: For a three rotor system torsional vibration will occur only if two of the three rotors
are rotating in the same direction and the third one is rotating in the opposite direction.
84) For occurrence of free torsional vibration in a three rotor system which of the condition is
necessary?
a) Rotors moving in same direction

.in
b) Rotors having same frequency
c) Rotors having different frequency
d) Rotors rotate in the same sense

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: In a three rotor torsional vibration system, the system will rotate if the two rotors

eri
are rotating in same direction and the third one with opposite direction all with the same
frequency.
85) the given figure, considering left end has one rotor, If the mass moment of inertia of the shaft

e
till node N1 is increased to four times, then what will be the effect on free torsional vibrations of
gin
a rotor at left end of N1?
En
arn
Le
w.

a) Increases 4 times
b) Increases 2 times
ww

c) Decreases 4 times
d) Decreases 2 times

Answer: d
Explanation: If N1 is the node then left end and N1 can be considered as a shaft of single rotor
system, since the free torsional vibrations of a single motor system depends on the inverse of
square root of the mass moment of inertia of the system, increasing 4 times will lead to
decrease in two times the initial vibration.

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86) In the given figure if N1 is the node then N1Q acts as which of the following system?

.in
ng
eri
a) Single rotor system
b) Two rotor system
c) Three rotor system
d) Four rotor system
e
gin
Answer: b
Explanation: If N1 is the node in the given figure, then N1 can act as a fixed end of the shaft
N1N2 where the rotor is connected at Q and N1, hence it acts like a two rotor system.
En

87) Keeping the mass moment of inertia of left end and the right end shafts in a three rotor system
same, if the length of one shaft is doubled what should be the effect on the length of other
shaft?
arn

a) Doubled
b) Halved
c) Constant
d) Increased to 4 times
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: The vibration will occur in a two rotor system only if the frequencies of both the
w.

rotors are same, hence L(a)I(a) = L(c)I(c). Therefore the relation is directly proportional.
88) Free torsional vibrations will occur in a three rotor system only if all rotors have same frequency.
a) True
ww

b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: In a three rotor system the free torsional vibration will occur only if all the rotors
have the same frequency of vibration and two have common rotation sense.
89) What is the total number of nodes formed in a three rotor system if the rotors at one of the
ends and the one in the middle rotate in the same direction?
a) 0
b) 1

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c) 2
d) 3

Answer: b
Explanation: In a three rotor system, if the rotor at one of the ends and the one in the middle
are rotating in the same direction, then there is formation of only one node.
90) For a three rotor system in the figure given below, the length of one shaft(P) is twice the
other(Q), then what is the relation between the Mass moment of inertia of the shafts.

.in
ng
e eri
gin
a) 2I(P) = I(Q)
En

b) I(P) = 2I(Q)
c) I(P) = I(Q)
d) 2I(P) = 3I(Q)
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: For a two rotor system, we have L(P)I(P) = L(Q)I(Q)
Now L(P)=2L(Q)
Le

Therefore, 2I(P) = I(Q).

91) In a three rotor system, for the middle rotor, if the stiffness of both the length either side of the
rotor is increased to two times what will be the effect on total stiffness of the middle rotor?
w.

a) Remains constant
b) Decreases by two times
c) Increases by two times
ww

d) Increases by 4 times

Answer: c
Explanation: In a three rotor system, each length to either side of the middle rotor is twisted
through the same angle therefore the total stiffness is the sum of individual stiffness.
92) From the following data, calculate the equivalent length of shaft in m.
l1=0.6m, l2=0.5m, l3=0.4m
d1=0.095m, d2=0.06m, d3=0.05m
a) 8.95

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b) 7.95
c) 6.95
d) 5.95

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that torsional equivalent shaft length is given by
l1/(d1)4 + l2/(d2)4 + l3/(d3)4
substituting the values we get
L = 8.95 m.

.in
93) In a system with different shaft parameters, the longest shaft is taken for calculations.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: In a system with different shaft parameters the equivalent shaft length is taken

eri
which depends on the length and diameters of each shaft.
94) From the following data, calculate natural frequency of free torsional vibrations in Hz.
l1=0.6m, l2=0.5m, l3=0.4m
d1=0.095m, d2=0.06m, d3=0.05m
e
gin
Ma = 900 Kg, Mb = 700 Kg
ka = 0.85m, kb = 0.55m
C = 80 GN/m2
a) 3.37
En

b) 7.95
c) 6.95
d) 5.95
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that torsional equivalent shaft length is given by
l1/(d1)4 + l2/(d2)4 + l3/(d3)4
Le

substituting the values we get

L = 8.95 m
w.

now calculating J
we get polar moment of inertia J = 8×106 m4
Now we know that natural frequency is given by the formula
ww

f = 12(C.Jl.I)−−−−−√
f = 3.37 Hz.
95) From the following data, calculate the location of node from the left end of shaft (l1).
l1=0.6m, l2=0.5m, l3=0.4m
d1=0.095m, d2=0.06m, d3=0.05m
Ma = 900 Kg, Mb = 700 Kg
ka = 0.85m, kb = 0.55m
a) 0.855m
b) 0.795m

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c) 0.695m
d) 0.595m

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that for the system to be in vibration, the frequency should be same for
all rotors
therefore,
LaIa = LbIb
Where La is the length of the left end shaft.

.in
Substituting the values we get,
l = 0.855m.
96) For a vibration system having different shaft parameters, calculate which of the following

ng
cannot be the diameter of the equivalent shaft if the diameters of shafts in m are: 0.05, 0.06,
0.07.
a) 0.05

eri
b) 0.06
c) 0.07
d) 0.08

e
gin
Answer: d
Explanation: In a torsionally equivalent shaft, it is assumed that the equivalent shaft has the
diameter which is equal to one of the diameters of the shaft and equivalent length is calculated.
97) A single cylinder oil engine works with a three rotor system, the shaft length is 2.5m and 70mm
En

in diameter, the middle rotor is at a distance 1.5m from one end. Calculate the free torsional
vibration frequency for a single node system in Hz if the mass moment of inertia of rotors in Kg-
m2 are: 0.15, 0.3 and 0.09. C=84 kN/mm2
arn

a) 171
b) 181
c) 191
Le

d) 201

Answer: a
w.

Explanation: For a single node system, the node occurs at a distance 1.146m from left end.
The polar moment of inertia = 2.36×106 m4
La = 0.4356m (from same frequency relation)
ww

Substituting these values into the frequency relation we get

f = 171 Hz.
98) A single cylinder oil engine works with a three rotor system, the shaft length is 2.5m and 70mm
in diameter, the middle rotor is at a distance 1.5m from one end. Calculate the free torsional
vibration frequency for a two node system in Hz if the mass moment of inertia of rotors in Kg-
m2 are: 0.15, 0.3 and 0.09. C=84 kN/mm2
a) 257
b) 281
c) 197

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d) 277

Answer: d
Explanation: For a two node system, the first node occurs at a distance 0.4356 m from left end.
The polar moment of inertia = 2.36×106 m4
La = 0.4356m ( from same frequency relation )
Lc = 0.726 m
Substituting these values into the frequency relation we get
f = 277 Hz.

.in
99) Frequency is independent of the no. of nodes.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: The frequency of the free torsional vibration depends on the number of nodes it

eri
forms, it also depends on the no. of rotors as the no. of rotors have an effect on the number of
nodes.
100) For the free torsional vibration of a geared system which of the following statement is true?
a) Backlash in geared system
e
gin
b) High inertia of shaft
c) Gearing teeth always in contact
d) High inertia of gear
En

Answer: c
Explanation: For the free torsional vibration of a geared system there should be no backlash in
geared system and the inertia of the shaft, gears should be considered negligible and the
arn

gearing system should always be in contact.

101) In a geared system free torsional vibration will take place when the Inertia of gear is taken into
consideration.
Le

a) True
b) False
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: In a geared system free torsional vibration will take place when the Inertia of gear
and shaft is not taken into consideration.
ww

102) If the pinion has 20 teeth and the gear has 32 teeth, then what is the gear ratio?
a) 5/8
b) 8/5
c) 25/64
d) 64/25

Answer: a
Explanation: Gear ratio is defined as the ratio of no. of teeth on the pinion to the no. of teeth on
the gear, there in this question the gear ratio is 5/8.

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103) A geared system possessed a kinetic energy if 200kJ, later it was converted into a two-rotor
system connected by a shaft. The kinetic energy of the equivalent system will be_____
a) 200 kJ
b) less than 200 kJ
c) more than 200 kJ
d) Dependent on the length of the equivalent shaft

Answer: a
Explanation: If the geared system is converted into an equivalent system of rotors connected by

.in
a shaft then the kinetic energy of the original and the equivalent system must be same.
104) A geared system possessed a strain energy if 150kJ, later it was converted into a two-rotor
system connected by a shaft. The Strain energy of the equivalent system will be _____

ng
a) 150 kJ
b) less than 150 kJ
c) more than 150 kJ

eri
d) Dependent on the length of the equivalent shaft

Answer: a

e
Explanation: If the geared system is converted into an equivalent system of rotors connected by
gin
a shaft then the Strain energy of the original and the equivalent system must be same.
105) When inertia of gearing is taken into consideration, then which of the following should be
taken into account.
a) Addition of rotor
En

b) Addition of gear
c) Addition of shaft
d) Addition of pump
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: When inertia of gearing is taken into consideration, then an additional rotor must
Le

be introduced in the equivalent system of the rotors connected by the shaft.

106) In a gearing system, pump speed is one third of the motor. Shaft from motor is 6 cm in
diameter and 30cm long, the impellar shaft is 10cm diameter and 60cm long. Mass moment of
w.

inertia is 1500 Kg-m2, C = 80Gn/m2. Neglecting the inertia of shaft and gears calculate the
frequency of free torsional vibrations in Hz.
a) 4.7
ww

b) 5.7
c) 4.5
d) 5.5

Answer: a
Explanation: Moment of inertia of rotor B : Ib = 166.7 Kg-m2
total length of equivalent shaft = 1000mm = 1m
Position of node = 294mm from left end (from same frequency condition)
J = 1.27×106 m4

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substituting the values into the free torsional vibration relation we get
f = 4.7 Hz.
107) When inertia of gearing is taken into consideration, then an additional shaft must be
introduced in the equivalent system of the rotors connected by the shaft.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: For gearing system, if the inertia of the gear is taken into consideration then an

.in
additional rotor must be placed in the equivalent system of vibration.
108) At a nodal point in the shaft, the frequency of vibration is _________
a) Zero

ng
b) Double than at the ends
c) Minimum
d) Maximum

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: A point of zero vibration is known as a node, hence at a nodal point the amplitude

e
of frequency of free torsional vibration is zero.
gin
109) For a gearing system, the equivalent system is made consisting of two rotors. How many nodes
will this new equivalent system will have?
a) 0
b) 1
En

c) 2
d) 3
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: When a gearing system is converted into an equivalent system consisting of two
rotors, it will have only a single node on the shaft as the two rotor systems only produce one
Le

node.
110) For a gearing system, the equivalent system is made consisting of three rotors. How many
nodes will this new equivalent system will have?
w.

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
ww

d) 3

Answer: c
Explanation: When a gearing system is converted into an equivalent system consisting of three
rotors, it will have two nodes on the shaft as the three-rotor system produces two nodes.

UNIT – IV FORCED VIBRATION

1) The ratio of the actual damping coefficient (c) to the critical damping coefficient (cc ) is known as
_________

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a) Damping factor
b) Damping coefficient
c) Resistive factor
d) Resistive coefficient

Answer: a
Explanation: The ratio of the actual damping coefficient (c) to the critical damping coefficient
(cc) is known as damping factor or damping ratio given by c/Cc.
2) Calculate critical damping coefficient in Ns/m from the following data.

.in
mass = 200Kg
ω = 20rad/s
a) 25,132

ng
b) 26,132
c) 27,132
d) Not possible

eri
Answer: d
Explanation: We know that critical damping coefficient is given by the relation
Cc = 2πxmxω
e
gin
inserting the values we get
Cc = 25132 N/m/s
The above value is in N/m/s and damping factor cannot be calculated in Ns/m.
3) Calculate critical damping coefficient in N/m/s from the following data:
En

mass = 100Kg
ω = 40rad/s
a) 25,132
arn

b) 26,132
c) 27,132
d) 28,132
Le

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that critical damping coefficient is given by the relation
w.

Cc = 2πxmxω
inserting the values we get
Cc = 25132 N/m/s.
ww

4) Calculate critical damping coefficient in N/m/s from the following data:

mass = 100Kg
ω = 10rad/s
a) 5,132
b) 6,283
c) 7,132
d) 8,132

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Answer: a
Explanation: We know that critical damping coefficient is given by the relation
Cc = 2πxmxω
inserting the values we get
Cc = 6283 N/m/s.
5) Calculate damping ratio from the following data:
mass = 200Kg
ω = 20rad/s
damping coefficient = 800 N/m/s

.in
a) 0.03
b) 0.04
c) 0.05

ng
d) 0.06

Answer: a

eri
Explanation: We know that critical damping coefficient is given by the relation
Cc = 2πxmxω
inserting the values we get
Cc = 25132 N/m/s
e
gin
ratio = 800/25132.
6) Calculate damping ratio from the following data:
mass = 200Kg
ω = 20rad/s
En

damping coefficient = 1000 N/m/s

a) 0.03
b) 0.04
arn

c) 0.05
d) 0.06
Le

Answer: b
Explanation: We know that critical damping coefficient is given by the relation:
Cc = 2πxmxω
w.

inserting the values we get

Cc = 25132 N/m/s
ratio = 1000/25132 = 0.04.
ww

7) Unit of damping factor is N/m/s.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Damping factor is a ratio of damping coefficient to the critical damping coefficient
hence, it has no unit and is a dimensionless quantity.
8) Magnification factor is the ratio of the maximum displacement due to forced vibrations to the
deflection due to _______

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a) Static force
b) Dynamic force
c) Torsion
d) Compression

Answer: a
Explanation: Magnification factor or the Dynamic magnifier is the ratio of maximum
displacement of the forced vibration to the deflection due to the static force.
9) Maximum displacement due to forced vibration is dependent on deflection due to static force.

.in
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: Maximum displacement due to forced vibration is directly proportional to the
displacement due to static force, hence it is dependent on deflection due to static force.

eri
10) In which of the cases the factor c = 0?
a) When there is damping
b) No damping
c) Resonance
e
gin
d) c is never 0

Answer: b
Explanation: When there is no damping, the factor c becomes 0 and magnification factor
En

becomes independent of the damping coefficient.

11) A body of mass 20 kg is suspended from a spring which deflects 20mm under this load. Calculate
the frequency of free vibrations in Hz.
arn

a) 3.5
b) 5
c) 6
Le

d) 7

Answer: a
w.

Explanation: Frequency of free vibrations is given by (1/2π)√(g/d)

substituting the value, we get
f = 3.5 Hz.
ww

12) If the mass increases, then the frequency of the free vibrations increases.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Frequency of free vibrations is given by (1/2π)√(g/d), from the given formula it is
evident that it is independent of mass, Hence the given statement is false.
13) Which of the following systems produce a vibration in the foundation?
a) Unbalanced machine

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b) Balanced machine
c) Coupled machine
d) Uncoupled machine

Answer: a
Explanation: It has been observed that when an unbalanced machine is installed on the
foundation, it produces vibration in the foundation which needs to be countered to create
smooth working of the machine.
14) When a periodic disturbing force is applied to a machine, the force is transmitted to the

.in
foundation by the means of spring.
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: a
Explanation: Springs or dampers are mounted on the machine in order to reduce the vibrations

eri
produce but however they also transmit the disturbing periodic force to the machine.
15) Which of the following is correct regarding isolation factor?
a) Dimensionless quantity
b) Has Newton as its unit
e
gin
c) Has joule as its Unit
d) Has Hz as its unit

Answer: a
En

Explanation: Isolation factor is a ratio of transmitted force to the applied force, since it is a ratio
of two quantities having same dimension, it is a dimensionless quantity.
16) Which of the following is a type of transmitted force to the foundation?
arn

a) Damping force
b) Undamping force
c) Tensile force
Le

d) Torsional force

Answer: a
w.

Explanation: The transmitted force consists of the following two forces which are perpendicular
to each other namely: Spring or elastic force and damping force. This happens as both spring
and damper is used in order to minimize vibrations.
ww

17) If the damper is not provided and the system is in resonance, which of the following is the
correct isolation factor?
a) 0
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) Infinity

Answer: d
Explanation: When the damper is not involved, the damping coefficient c becomes zero and

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isolation factor is given by:
1/(1-(ω/ωn))
Since during resonance, ω=ωn
isolation factor becomes infinite.
18) If isolation factor is negative, then what is the phase difference between transmitted and
disturbing force?
a) 180°
b) 90°
c) 450°

.in
d) 360°

Answer: a

ng
Explanation: If the isolation factor is negative then the ratio ω/ωn is greater than 1, in this case
the phase difference between the disturbing force and the transmitted force is 180°.
19) Which of the following is true regarding Ɛ>1?

eri
a) Transmitted force is greater than applied force
b) Transmitted force is less than applied force
c) Spring force is less than applied force
d) Damping force is less than applied force
e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: if the isolation factor is greater than 1, then the ratio ω/ωn < √2, this means that
there is a phase difference between the transmitted force and the disturbing force, where the
En

transmitted force is greater than the applied force.

20) Isolation factor is twice the transmissibility ratio.
a) True
arn

b) False

Answer: b
Le

Explanation: The given statement is false as the isolation factor and the transmissibility ratio
have the same value which is given by ratio of Transmitted force to the Applied force.

UNIT-V MECHANISMS FOR CONTROL

w.

1) The height of a Watt’s governor (in metres) in equal to

a) 8.95/N2
ww

b) 89.5/N2
c) 895/N2
d) 8950/N2

Answer: c
Explanation: Height of a Watt governor = g/ω2
= 9.81/(2πN/60)2
= 895/N2
where N = Speed of the arm and ball about the spindle axis.

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2) The ratio of the height of a Porter governor (when the length of arms and links are equal) to the
height of a Watt’s governor is
a) m/m+M
b) M/m+M
c) m + M/m
d) m + M/M

Answer: c
Explanation: Mass of the central load (M) increases the height of governor in the ratio m + M/m

.in
where m = Mass of the ball, and
M = Mass of the load on the sleeve.
3) When the sleeve of a Porter governor moves upwards, the governor speed

ng
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains unaffected

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: When the loaded sleeve moves up and down the spindle, the frictional force acts

e
on it in a direction opposite to that of the motion of sleeve. The + sign is used when the sleeve
gin
moves upwards or the governor speed increases and negative sign is used when the sleeve
moves downwards or the governor speed decreases.
4) A Hartnell governor is a
a) pendulum type governor
En

b) spring loaded governor

c) dead weight governor
d) inertia governor
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: Since in hartnell governor spring is used, therefore it is the spring loaded governor.
Le

5) Which of the following governor is used to drive a gramophone ?

a) Watt governor
b) Porter governor
w.

c) Pickering governor
d) Hartnell governor
ww

Answer: c
Explanation: A Pickering governor is mostly used for driving gramophone. It consists of three
straight leaf springs arranged at equal angular intervals round the spindle. Each spring carries a
weight at the centre. The weights move outwards and the springs bend as they rotate about the
spindle axis with increasing speed.
6) Which of the following is a spring controlled governor?
a) Hartnell
b) Hartung
c) Pickering

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d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: None
7) For two governors A and B, the lift of sleeve of governor A is more than that of governor B, for a
given fractional change in speed. It indicates that
a) governor A is more sensitive than governor B
b) governor B is more sensitive than governor A
c) both governors A and B are equally sensitive

.in
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a

ng
Explanation: The greater the lift of the sleeve corresponding to a given fractional change in
speed, the greater is the sensitiveness of the governor. It may also be stated in another way that
for a given lift of the sleeve, the sensitiveness of the governor increases as the speed range

eri
decreases.
8) The sensitiveness of a governor is given by
a) ωmean/ω2 – ω1
b) ω2 – ω1/ ωmean
e
gin
c) ω2 – ω1/ 2ωmean
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
En

Explanation: Let N1 = Minimum equilibrium speed,

N2 = Maximum equilibrium speed, and
N = Mean equilibrium speed = N1 + N2 / 2
arn

Sensitiveness of the governor = N1 – N2 / 2

= 2(N1 + N2) / N1 + N2
= ω2 – ω1/ ωmean
Le

where ω1 and ω2 = Minimum and maximum angular speed, and

ωmean = Mean angular speed.
9) In a Hartnell governor, if a spring of greater stiffness is used, then the governor will be
w.

a) more sensitive
b) less sensitive
c) isochronous
ww

d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Stiffness is directly proportional to sensitiveness. Therefore, it stifness is greater,
the governor will be less sensitive.
10) A governor is said to be hunting, if the speed of the engine
a) remains constant at the mean speed
b) is above the mean speed
c) is below the mean speed

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d) fluctuates continuously above and below the mean speed

Answer: d
Explanation: A governor is said to be hunt if the speed of the engine fluctuates continuously
above and below the mean speed. This is caused by a too sensitive governor which changes the
fuel supply by a large amount when a small change in the speed of rotation takes place.
11) A hunting governor is
a) more stable
b) less sensitive

.in
c) more sensitive
d) none of the mentioned

ng
Answer: c
Explanation: None
12) Isochronism in a governor is desirable when

eri
a) the engine operates at low speeds
b) the engine operates at high speeds
c) the engine operates at variable speeds
d) one speed is desired under one load
e
gin
Answer: d
Explanation: The isochronous governor is not of practical use because the sleeve will move to
one of its extreme positions immediately the speed deviates from the isochronous speed.
En

13) The power of a governor is equal to

a) (c2/1 + 2c )(m + M) h
b) (2c2/1 + 2c )(m + M) h
arn

c) (3c2/1 + 2c )(m + M) h
d) (4c2/1 + 2c )(m + M) h
Le

Answer: d
Explanation: None
14) The height of a Watt’s governor is equal to
w.

a) 8.95/N2
b) 89.5/N2
c) 895/N2
ww

d) 8950/N2

Answer: c
Explanation: If N is the speed of the arm and ball about the spindle axis, then the height of the
governor (h) is given by
h = 895/N2 metres
15) The height of a Watt’s governor is
a) directly proportional to speed
b) directly proportional to (speed)

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c) inversely proportional to speed
d) inversely proportional to (speed)

Answer: d
Explanation: If N is the speed of the arm and ball about the spindle axis, then the height of the
governor (h) is given by
h = 895/N2 metres
From this expression, we see that the height height of a Watt’s governor is inversely
proportional to N2

.in
16) A Watt’s governor can work satisfactorily at speeds from
a) 60 to 80 r.p.m
b) 80 to 100 r.p.m

ng
c) 100 to 200 r.p.m
d) 200 to 300 r.p.m

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: A watt’s governor may only work satisfactorily at low speeds i.e. from 60 to 80
r.p.m.

e
17) The ratio of height of Porter governor to the height of Watt’s governor is
gin
a) m/m + M
b) M/ m + M
c) m + M/m
d) m + M/M
En

Answer: c
Explanation: The ratio of height of a Porter governor (when length of arms and links are equal)
arn

to the height of Watt’s governor is m + M/n, where m and M re the masses of the ball and
sleeve respectively.
18) When the sleeve of a porter governor moves upwards, the governor speed
Le

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains unaffected
w.

d) first increases and then decreases

Answer: a
ww

Explanation: When the sleeve of a porter governor moves upwards, the governor speed
increases and when the sleeve moves downwards, the governor speed decreases.
19) When the sleeve of a Porter governor moves downwards, the governor speed
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains unaffected
d) first increases and then decreases

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Answer: b
Explanation: When the sleeve of a porter governor moves upwards, the governor speed
increases and when the sleeve moves downwards, the governor speed decreases.
20) In a Porter governor, the balls are attached to the extension of lower links.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Porter governor is a modification of Watt’s governor, with a central load attached

.in
to the sleeve.
21) A Hartnell governor is a
a) dead weight governor

ng
b) pendulum type governor
c) spring loaded governor
d) inertia governor

eri
Answer: c
Explanation: A Hartnell governor is a spring loaded governor.

e
Watt’s governor is a pendulum type governor.
gin
22) A Watt’s governor is a spring loaded governor.
a) True
b) False
En

Answer: b
Explanation: A Hartnell governor is a spring loaded governor.
Watt’s governor is a pendulum type governor.
arn

23) Which of the following is a pendulum type governor?

a) Watt’s governor
b) Porter governor
Le

c) Hartnell governor
d) None of the mentioned
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: Watt’s governor is a pendulum type governor.
ww

24) When the relation between the controlling force (FC) and radius of rotation (r) for a spring
controlled governor is FC = a.r + b, then the governor will be
a) stable
b) unstable
c) isochronous
d) none of the mentioned

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Answer: b
Explanation: For the governor to be stable, the controlling force (FC) must increase as the radius
of rotation (r) increases, i.e. FC / r must increase as r increases.
25) For a governor, if FC is the controlling force, r is the radius of rotation of the balls, the stability of
the governor will be ensured when
a) dFC /dr > FC/r
b) dFC /dr < FC /r
c) dFC /dr = 0
d) none of the mentioned

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: None

ng
26) In a Hartnell governor, the lift of the sleeve is given by
a) (r1 + r2y/x
b) (r1 + r2x/y

eri
c) (r1 – r2y/x
d) (r1 – r2x/y

Answer: c
e
gin
Explanation: h = (r1 – r2y/x
and stiffness of the spring, s = S2 – S1/h
27) In a Hartnell governor, the compression of the spring is ______________ the lift of the sleeve.
a) equal to
En

b) less than
c) greater than
d) none of the mentioned
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: None
Le

28) In a Hartnell governor, the stiffness of the spring is given by

a) S1 + S2/h
b) S2 – S1/h
w.

c) S1 + S2/2h
d) S1 – S2/2h
ww

Answer: b
Explanation: h = (r1 – r2y/x
and stiffness of the spring, s = S2 – S1/h
29) Which of the following is a spring controlled governor?
a) Hartnell governor
b) Hartung governor
c) Wilson-Hartnell governor
d) All of the mentioned

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Answer: d
Explanation: None
30) A pendulum type governor is a Watt governor.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: A Hartnell governor is a spring loaded governor.
Watt’s governor is a pendulum type governor.

.in
31) A Porter governor is a
a) dead weight governor
b) pendulum type governor

ng
c) spring loaded governor
d) inertia governor

eri
Answer: b
Explanation: A Hartnell governor is a spring loaded governor.
Watt’s governor is a pendulum type governor.

e
As Porter governor is the modification of Watt’s governor, so it is also a pendulum type
gin
governor.
32) Which of the following governor is used to drive a gramophone?
a) Watt’s governor
b) Porter governor
En

c) Pickering governor
d) Hartnell governor
arn

Answer: c
Explanation: A Pickering governor is mostly used for driving gramophone. It consists of three
straight leaf springs arranged at equal angular intervals round the spindle. Each spring carries a
Le

weight at the centre.

33) The sensitiveness of a governor depends upon the lift of the sleeve.
a) True
w.

b) False

Answer: a
ww

Explanation: In general, the greater the lift of the sleeve corresponding to a given fractional
change in speed, the greater is the sensitiveness of the governor.
34) For two governors A and B, the lift of sleeve of governor A is more than that of governor B, for a
given fractional change in speed. It indicates that
a) governor A is more sensitive than governor B
b) governor B is more sensitive than governor A
c) both governors A and B are equally sensitive
d) none of the mentioned

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Answer: a
Explanation: In general, the greater the lift of the sleeve corresponding to a given fractional
change in speed, the greater is the sensitiveness of the governor.
35) The sensitiveness of the governor ____________ as the speed range decreases.
a) remains unaffected
b) decreases
c) increases
d) none of the mentioned

.in
Answer: c
Explanation: For a given lift of the sleeve, the sensitiveness of the governor increases as the
speed range decreases.

ng
36) Sensitiveness of the governor is defined as the ratio of the
a) mean speed to the maximum equilibrium speed
b) mean speed to the minimum equilibrium speed

eri
c) difference of the maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean speed
d) sum of the maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean speed

Answer: c
e
gin
Explanation: The sensitiveness is defined as the ratio of the difference between the maximum
and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean equilibrium speed.
37) A governor is said to be stable, if the
a) radius of rotation of balls increases as the equilibrium speed decreases
En

b) radius of rotation of balls decreases as the equilibrium speed decreases

c) radius of rotation of balls increases as the equilibrium speed increases
d) radius of rotation of balls decreases as the equilibrium speed increases
arn

Answer: c
Explanation: A governor is said to be stable when for every speed within the working range
Le

there is a definite configuration i.e. there is only one radius of rotation of the governor balls at
which the governor is in equilibrium. For a stable governor, if the equilibrium speed increases,
the radius of governor balls must also increase.
w.

38) When the radius of rotation of balls ______________ as the equilibrium speed increases, the
governor is said to be unstable.
a) remains constant
ww

b) decreases
c) increases
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: A governor is said to be unstable, if the radius of rotation decreases as the speed
increases.
39) A governor is said to be isochronous when range of speed is zero for all radii of rotation of the
balls within the working range, neglecting friction.

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a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: A governor is said to be isochronous when the equilibrium speed is constant (i.e.
range of speed is zero) for all radii of rotation of the balls within the working range, neglecting
friction. The isochronism is the stage of infinite sensitivity.
40) A Porter governor can not be isochronous.
a) True

.in
b) False

Answer: a

ng
Explanation: None
41) In a Hartnell governor, if a spring of greater stiffness is used, then the governor will be
a) less sensitive

eri
b) more sensitive
c) unaffected of sensitivity
d) isochronous

e
gin
Answer: a
Explanation: In general, the greater the lift of the sleeve corresponding to a given fractional
change in speed, the greater is the sensitiveness of the governor.
42) When the speed of the engine fluctuates continuously above and below the mean speed, the
En

governor is said to be
a) stable
b) unstable
arn

c) isochronous
d) hunt
Le

Answer: d
Explanation: The isochronous governor is not of practical use because the sleeve will move to
one of its extreme positions immediately the speed deviates from the isochronous speed.
w.

43) A very sensitive governor will cause hunting.

a) True
b) False
ww

Answer: a
Explanation: A governor is said to be hunt if the speed of the engine fluctuates continuously
above and below the mean speed. This is caused by a too sensitive governor which changes the
fuel supply by a large amount when a small change in the speed of rotation takes place.
44) For isochronous Hartnell governor
a) mg + S1 / mg + S2 = r1/r2
b) mg – S1 / mg – S2 = r2/r1
c) S1/S2 = r1/r2

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d) S2/S1 = r1/r2

Answer: a
Explanation: None
45) Effort of a governor is the
a) mean force exerted at the sleeve for a given percentage change of speed
b) workdone at the sleeve for maximum equilibrium speed
c) mean force exerted at the sleeve for maximum equilibrium speed
d) none of the mentioned

.in
Answer: a
Explanation: The effort of a governor is the mean force exerted at the sleeve for a given

ng
percentage change of speed (or lift of the sleeve).
46) Power of a governor is the
a) mean force exerted at the sleeve for a given percentage change of speed

eri
b) workdone at the sleeve for maximum equilibrium speed
c) mean force exerted at the sleeve for maximum equilibrium speed
d) none of the mentioned

e
gin
Answer: d
Explanation: The power of a governor is the work done at the sleeve for a given percentage
change of speed. It is the product of the mean value of the effort and the distance through
which the sleeve moves. Mathematically,
En

Power = Mean effort × lift of sleeve

47) The effort of a Porter governor is equal to
a) c(m – M)g
arn

b) c(m + M)g
c) C/(m + M)g
d c/(m – M)g
Le

Answer: b
Explanation: The effort of a Porter governor is equal to c(m + M)g.
w.

The power of a Porter governor is equal to 4c2/1 + 2c (m + M)gh.

48) The power of a Porter governor is equal to
a) c2/1 + 2c (m + M)gh
ww

b) 2c2/1 + 2c (m + M)gh
c) 3c2/1 + 2c (m + M)gh
d) 4c2/1 + 2c (m + M)gh

Answer: d
Explanation: The effort of a Porter governor is equal to c(m + M)g.
The power of a Porter governor is equal to 4c2/1 + 2c (m + M)gh.
49) For the isochronous Porter governor, the controlling force curve is a straight line passing
through the origin.

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a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: For the isochronous governor, the controlling force curve is a straight line passing
through the origin. The angle φ will be constant for all values of the radius of rotation of the
governor.
50) The controlling force diagram for a spring controlled governor is a curve passing through the
origin.

.in
a) True
b) False

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: The controlling force diagram for the spring controlled governors is a straight line.
51) A spring controlled governor is said to be unstable when the controlling force

eri
a) increases as the radius of rotation decreases
b) increases as the radius of rotation increases
c) decreases as the radius of rotation decreases

e
d) remains constant for all radii of rotation
gin
Answer: c
Explanation: If the equilibrium speed of the governor decreases with an increase of the radius of
rotation of balls, then the governor is said to be unstable.
En

52) In a spring controlled governor, when the controlling force _____________ as the radius of
rotation increases, it is said to be a stable governor.
a) remains constant
arn

b) decreases
c) increases
d) none of the mentioned
Le

Answer: c
Explanation: For the governor to be stable, in spring controlled governor, the controlling force
w.

must increase as the radius of rotation increases.

A spring controlled governor is said to be isochronous when the controlling force remains
constant for all radii of rotation.
ww

53) A spring controlled governor is said to be isochronous when the controlling force
a) increases as the radius of rotation decreases
b) increases as the radius of rotation increases
c) decreases as the radius of rotation decreases
d) remains constant for all radii of rotation

Answer: d
Explanation: For the governor to be stable, in spring controlled governor, the controlling force
must increase as the radius of rotation increases.

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A spring controlled governor is said to be isochronous when the controlling force remains
constant for all radii of rotation.
54) A spring controlled governor is found unstable. It can be made stable by
a) increasing the spring stiffness
b) decreasing the spring stiffness
c) increasing the ball mass
d) decreasing the ball mass

Answer: b

.in
Explanation: For the governor to be stable, in spring controlled governor, the controlling force
must increase as the radius of rotation increases.
55) A spring controlled governor is said to be stable if the controlling force line when produced

ng
intersects the Y-axis
a) at the origin
b) below the origin

eri
c) above the origin
d) any of the mentioned

Answer: b
e
gin
Explanation: A spring controlled governor is said to be stable if the controlling force line when
produced intersects the Y-axis below the origin.
If the controlling force line for a spring controlled governor when produced intersects the Y-axis
at the origin, then the governor is said to be isochronous.
En

56) If the controlling force line for a spring controlled governor when produced intersects the Y-axis
at the origin, then the governor is said to be
a) stable
arn

b) unstable
c) isochronous
d) none of the mentioned
Le

Answer: c
Explanation: If the controlling force line for a spring controlled governor when produced
w.

intersects the Y-axis at the origin, then the governor is said to be isochronous.
A spring controlled governor is said to be stable if the controlling force line when produced
intersects the Y-axis below the origin.
ww

If the controlling force line for a spring controlled governor when produced intersects the Y-axis
at the origin, then the governor is said to be unstable.
57) If the controlling force line for a spring controlled governor when produced intersects the Y-axis
at the origin, then the governor is said to be unstable.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: A spring controlled governor is said to be stable if the controlling force line when

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produced intersects the Y-axis below the origin.
If the controlling force line for a spring controlled governor when produced intersects the Y-axis
at the origin, then the governor is said to be unstable.
58) The relation between the controlling force (Fc) and radius of rotation (r) for a stable spring
controlled governor is
a) Fc = ar + b
b) Fc = ar – b
c) Fc = ar
d) Fc = a/r + b

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between the controlling force (FC) and the radius of rotation (r) for the

ng
stability of spring controlled governors is given by the following equation
FC = a.r – b
59) A spring controlled governor is said to be unstable, if the relation between the controlling force

eri
(Fc) and radius of rotation(r) is Fc = ar
a) True
b) False

e
gin
Answer: b
Explanation: A governor is said to be unstable and the relation between the controlling force
and the radius of
rotation is, therefore
En

FC = a.r + b
60) When the relation between the controlling force (Fc) and radius of rotation (r) for a spring
controlled governor is Fc = ar + b, then the governor will be
arn

a) stable
b) unstable
c) isochronous
Le

d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
w.

Explanation: A governor is said to be unstable and the relation between the controlling force
and the radius of
rotation is, therefore
ww

FC = a.r + b
61) A Hartnell governor has its controlling force (Fc) given by Fc = ar + b, where r is the radius of
rotation and a and b are constants. The governor becomes isochronous when
a) a is + ve and b = 0
b) a = 0 and b is +ve
c) a is +ve and b is -ve
d) a is +ve and b is also +ve

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Answer: a
Explanation: None
62) Calculate the vertical height of a Watt governor when it rotates at 60 r.p.m.
a) 0.248 m
b) 0.248 m
c) 0.448 m
d) 0.548 m

Answer: a

.in
Explanation: Given : N1 = 60 r.p.m. ; N2 = 61 r.p.m.
Initial height
We know that initial height,

ng
h1 = 895/(N1)2
= 895/602 = 0.248 m
63) The power of a governor is the work done at

eri
a) the governor balls for change of speed
b) the sleeve for zero change of speed
c) the sleeve for a given rate of change of change

e
d) each governor ball for given percentage change of speed
gin
Answer: c
Explanation: Power of Governor: The work done by the governor on the sleeve to its equilibrium
position for the fractional change in speed of governor is known as power of governor.
En

It is actually a work done. Power = Main force × Sleeve movement.

64) In a governor, if the equilibrium speed is constant for all radii of rotation of balls, the governor is
said to be
arn

a) Stable
b) unstable
c) inertial
Le

d) isochronous

Answer: d
w.

Explanation: The governor is said to be Isochronous if the equilibrium speed is constant for all
radii of rotation of balls.
65) A governor is said to be isochronous when the equilibrium speed is
ww

a) variable for different radii of rotation of governor balls

b) constant for all radii of rotation of the balls within the working range
c) constant for particular radii of rotation of governor balls
d) constant for only one radius of rotation of governor balls

Answer: b
Explanation: Isochronism in governor means constant equilibrium speed for all the radii of
rotation.

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66) For a given fraction of change in speed, a more sensitive governor will have a ______
a) Higher lift
b) Lower lift
c) More effective length
d) Less effective length

Answer: a
Explanation: For an independent governor, the greater the lift of the sleeve corresponding to a
given fractional change in speed, the greater is the sensitiveness of the governor. Hence the

.in
sleeve lift is directly proportional to the fractional change in speed.
67) For a given lift of the sleeve, the sensitiveness of the governor increases as the speed range
decreases

ng
a) True
b) False

eri
Answer: a
Explanation: The greater the lift of the sleeve corresponding to a given fractional change in
speed, the greater is the sensitiveness of the governor, this is for an independent governor.
Hence the given statement is true.
e
gin
68) The equilibrium speed of a governor varies from 30 rpm to 20 rpm, find the sensitiveness of the
governor.
a) 0.4
b) 1.5
En

c) 0.66
d)1.25
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: Mean speed = (20+30)/2 = 25 rpm
Difference in max and min speed = 30-20 = 10 rpm
Le

sensitiveness = 10/25 = 0.4.

69) When a governor is fitted into an engine, then sensitiveness is defined as the ratio of ________
of maximum and minimum speed to the mean speed.
w.

a) Sum
b) Difference
c) Product
ww

d) Root mean square

Answer: b
Explanation: For an independent governor, steadiness can be defined in terms of sleeve lift and
change in speed, but however when the governor is fitted into an engine then the sensitiveness
is defined as the ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum equilibrium
speeds to the mean equilibrium speed.
70) Consider two governors A and B running at the same speed. When this speed increases or
decreases by a certain amount, the lift of the sleeve of governor A is greater than the lift of the

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sleeve of governor B. Which of the following statement is true for the above situation?
a) Governor A is more sensitive than B
b) Governor B is more sensitive than A
c) Governor A is equally sensitive as B
d) Lift does not affect sensitivity

Answer: a
Explanation: For an independent governor, the greater the lift of the sleeve for a given fractional
change in speed, the greater will be the sensitiveness of the governor. As a consequence, we

.in
can establish a relation in which the sensitiveness of the governor is related to sleeve lift and
fractional change in speed.
71) For a governor, the sensitivity is 0.5 and the mean speed is 20 rpm, find the maximum speed.

ng
a) 15 rpm
b) 25 rpm
c) 30 rpm

eri
d) 40 rpm

Answer: b

e
Explanation: 20 = (N1+N2)/2 :: 40 = N1 + N2
gin
0.5×20 = N1-N2
therefore N1 = 25 rpm.
72) For a governor, the sensitivity is 0.5 and the mean speed is 20 rpm, find the minimum speed.
a) 15 rpm
En

b) 25 rpm
c) 30 rpm
d) 40 rpm
arn

Answer: a
Explanation: 20 = (N1+N2)/2 :: 40 = N1 + N2
Le

0.5×20 = N1-N2
10 = N1-N2
therefore N1= 25 rpm
w.

N2 = 15 rpm.
73) For a stable governor, if the equilibrium speed increases, the radius of governor balls must also
increase.
ww

a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: For a stable governor: the radius of governor balls increases with increase in
equilibrium speed, a governor is said to be unstable if the radius of rotation decreases with
increase in speed.
74) On which of the following factors, the stability of governor does not depend?
a) Speed

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b) Radius of rotation
c) Governor equilibrium
d) Mass of the engine

Answer: d
Explanation: For the stability of the governor, with the increase in the equilibrium speed, the
radius of governor balls should also increase, a governor is said to be unstable if the radius of
rotation decreases with increase in speed.
75) When the governor is too sensitive, then which of the following process occurs?

.in
a) Hunting
b) More stability
c) Less variation in speed

ng
d) Increased steadiness

Answer: a

eri
Explanation: Hunting is a process in which the speed of the engine is continuously fluctuating
above and below the mean speed. This is something which happens when a governor is too
sensitive.

e
76) When equilibrium speed is constant, then the governor is called ______
gin
a) Pickering
b) Hartung
c) Porter
d) Isochronous
En

Answer: d
Explanation: Pickering, Porter and Hartung are different categories of governor whereas
arn

Isochronous describes the property of the governor by the virtue of which the range in
equilibrium speed is zero.
77) For isochronism, range of speed should be equal to mean speed.
Le

a) True
b) False
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: Isochronism describes the property of the governor by the virtue of which the
range in equilibrium speed is zero.
ww

78) The sensitiveness of an isochronous governor is ______

a) 0
b) 2
c) 1/2
d) 1

Answer: a
Explanation: For isochronisms N1 – N2 = 0, since this range is 0, the sensitiveness will also be

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equal to as
sensitiveness = (N1 – N2)÷N.
79) Which of the following type of governor cannot be isochronous?
a) Pickering
b) Porter
c) Hartung
d) Hartnell

Answer: b

.in
Explanation: For a porter governor it is impossible to have the two balls moving at the same
speed, thus the range cannot be 0 which makes it impossible to be an isochronous governor.
80) An isochronous governor is not practical because of the following reason.

ng
a) Friction at the sleeve
b) Weight of the spring
c) Impossible to achieve 0 range

eri
d) High use of porter governors

Answer: a

e
Explanation: The isochronous governor is not of practical use because the sleeve will move to
gin
one of its extreme positions immediately the speed deviates from the isochronous speed.
81) The sensitivity of a governor is 0, and the mean speed is 25 rpm, then it is not possible that the
governor will be ________
a) Pickering
En

b) Porter
c) Hartung
d) Hartnell
arn

Answer: b
Explanation: For a porter governor it is impossible to have the two balls moving at the same
Le

speed, thus the range cannot be 0 which makes it impossible to be an isochronous governor.
Since sensitiveness is 0, therefore range is 0 hence the governor cannot be porter.
82) A disc is spinning with an angular velocity? rad/s about the axis of spin. The couple applied to
w.

the disc causing precession will be

a) 1/2Iω2
b) Iω2
ww

c) 1/2 Iω ωp
d) Iω ωp

Answer: d
Explanation: Since the rate of change of angular momentum will result by the application of a
couple to the disc, therefore the couple applied to the disc causing precession,
Iω ωp
where I = Mass moment of inertia of the disc, and
ωp = Angular velocity of precession of the axis of spin.

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83) A disc spinning on its axis at 20 rad/s will undergo precession when a torque 100 N-m is applied
about an axis normal to it at an angular speed, if mass moment of inertia of the disc is the 1 kg-
m2
a) 2 rad/s
b) 5 rad/s
c) 10 rad/s
d) 20 rad/s

Answer: b

.in
Explanation: Gyroscopic couple acting on the disc,
C = I. ω. ωp
100 = 1 . 20. ωp

ng
ωp = 100/1.20
= 5 rad/s
84) The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail end and the

eri
aeroplane takes a turn to the left. The effect of the gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane will be
a) to raise the nose and dip the tail
b) to dip the nose and raise the tail
c) to raise the nose and tail
e
gin
d) to dip the nose and tail

Answer: a
Explanation: When the engine or propeller rotates in anticlockwise direction when viewed from
En

the rear or tail end and the aeroplane takes a left turn, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic
couple will be to dip the nose and raise the tail of the aeroplane. When the aeroplane takes a
right turn, the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the nose and dip the tail of the
arn

aeroplane.
85) The air screw of an aeroplane is rotating clockwise when looking from the front. If it makes a left
turn, the gyroscopic effect will
Le

a) tend to depress the nose and raise the tail

b) tend to raise the nose and depress the tail
c) tilt the aeroplane
w.

d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
ww

Explanation: When the engine or propeller rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from the
front and the aeroplane takes a left turn, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to
raise the tail and dip the nose of the aeroplane. When the aeroplane takes a right turn, the
effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be to raise the nose and dip the tail of the aeroplane.
86) The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from the stern and the ship takes
a left turn. The effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on it will be
a) to raise the bow and stern
b) to lower the bow and stern
c) to raise the bow and lower the stern

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d) to lower the bow and raise the stern

Answer: c
Explanation: When the rotor rotates in the clockwise direction when viewed from the bow or
fore end and the ship is steering to the left, then the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple will be
to raise the stern and lower the bow.
87) When the pitching of a ship is upward, the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be
a) to move the ship towards port side
b) to move the ship towards star-board

.in
c) to raise the bow and lower the stern
d) to raise the stern and lower the bow

ng
Answer: b
Explanation: The effect of the gyroscopic couple is always given on specific position of the axis of
spin i.e. whether it is pitching downwards or upwards. The pitching of a ship produces forces on

eri
the bearings which act horizontally and perpendicular to the motion of the ship.
88) In an automobile, if the vehicle makes a left turn, the gyroscopic torque
a) increases the forces on the outer wheels
b) decreases the forces on the outer wheels
e
gin
c) does not affect the forces on the outer wheels
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
En

Explanation: The gyroscopic couple will act over the vehicle outwards i.e. in the anticlockwise
direction when seen from the front of the vehicle. The tendency of this couple is to overturn the
vehicle in outward direction.
arn

89) A motor car moving at a certain speed takes a left turn in a curved path. If the engine rotates in
the same direction as that of wheels, then due to the centrifugal forces
a) the reaction on the inner wheels increases and on the outer wheels decreases
Le

b) the reaction on the outer wheels increases and on the inner wheels decreases
c) the reaction on the front wheels increases and on the rear wheels decreases
d) the reaction on the rear wheels increases and on the front wheels decreases
w.

Answer: b
Explanation: When the engine is rotating in the same direction as that of wheels, then the
ww

positive sign is used in the above expression and if the engine rotates in opposite direction, then
negative sign is used.
90) The axis of precession is ____________ to the plane in which the axis of spin is going to rotate.
a) parallel
b) perpendicular
c) spiral
d) none of the mentioned

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Answer: b
Explanation: The axis of precession is perpendicular to the plane in which the axis of spin is
going to rotate. The gyroscopic principle is used in an instrument or toy known as gyroscope.
91) A disc is a spinning with an angular velocity ω rad/s about the axis of spin. The couple applied to
the disc causing precession will be
a) 1/2 Iω2
b) Iω2
c) 1/2 Iωωp
d) Iωωp

.in
Answer: d
Explanation: None

ng
92) The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail end and the
aeroplane takes a turn to the left. The effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane will be
a) to dip the nose and tail

eri
b) to raise the nose and tail
c) to raise the nose and dip of the tail
d) to dip the nose and raise the tail

e
gin
Answer: c
Explanation: The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail
end and the aeroplane takes a turn to the left. The effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane
will be to raise the nose and dip of the tail.
En

The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail end and the
aeroplane takes a turn to the right. The effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane will be to
dip the nose and raise the tail.
arn

93) The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail end and the
aeroplane takes a turn to the right. The effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane will be to
dip the nose and raise the tail.
Le

a) True
b) False
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail
end and the aeroplane takes a turn to the left. The effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane
ww

will be to raise the nose and dip of the tail.

The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail end and the
aeroplane takes a turn to the right. The effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane will be to
dip the nose and raise the tail.
94) The steering of a ship means
a) movement of a complete ship up and down in vertical plane about transverse axis
b) turning of a complete ship in a curve towards right or left, while it moves forward
c) rolling of a complete ship side-ways

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d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: The steering is the turning of a complete ship in a curve towards right or left, while
it moves forward.
95) The rolling of a complete ship side-ways is known as pitching of a ship.
a) True
b) False

.in
Answer: b
Explanation: The pitching is the movement of a complete ship up and down in a vertical plane
about transverse axis.

ng
96) The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and the ship takes a
left turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be
a) to raise the bow and stern

eri
b) to lower the bow and stern
c) to raise the bow and lower the stern
d) to raise the stern and lower the bow

e
gin
Answer: c
Explanation: The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and the
ship takes a left turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be to raise the bow and
lower the stern.
En

The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and the ship takes a
right turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be to raise the stern and lower the
bow.
arn

97) The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and the ship takes a
right turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be to raise the stern and lower the
bow.
Le

a) True
b) False
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and the
ship takes a left turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be to raise the bow and
ww

lower the stern.

The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and the ship takes a
right turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be to raise the stern and lower the
bow.
98) The pitching of a ship is assumed to take place with simple harmonic motion.
a) True
b) False

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Answer: a
Explanation: None.
99) When the pitching of a ship is upward, the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be
a) to move the ship towards star-board
b) to move the ship towards port side
c) to raise the bow and lower the stern
d) to raise the stern and lower the bow

Answer: a

.in
Explanation: When the pitching of a ship is upward, the effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it
will be to move the ship towards star-board.
When the pitching of a ship is downward, the effect of gyroscopic couple, is to turn the ship

ng
towards port side.
100) A uniform disc of diameter 300 mm and of mass 5 kg is mounted on one end of an arm of
length 600 mm. The other end of the arm is free to rotate in a universal bearing. If the disc

eri
rotates about the arm with a speed of 300 r.p.m. clockwise, looking from the front, with what
speed will it precess about the vertical axis?
a) 14.7 rad/s
b) 15.7 rad/s
e
gin
c) 16.7 rad/s
d) 17.7 rad/s

Answer: c
En

Explanation: Given: d = 300 mm or r = 150 mm = 0.15 m ; m = 5 kg ; l = 600 mm = 0.6 m ;

N = 300 r.p.m. or ω = 2π × 300/60 = 31.42 rad/s
We know that the mass moment of inertia of the disc, about an axis through its centre of gravity
arn

and perpendicular to the plane of disc,

I = m.r2/2 = 5(0.15)2/2 = 0.056 kg-m2
and couple due to mass of disc, C = m.g.l = 5 × 9.81 × 0.6 = 29.43 N-m
Le

Let ωP = Speed of precession

We know that couple (C),
29.43 = I.ω.ωP = 0.056 × 31.42 × ωP = 1.76 ωP
w.

ωP = 29.43/1.76 = 16.7 rad/s

101) An aeroplane makes a complete half circle of 50 metres radius, towards left, when flying at 200
km per hr. The rotary engine and the propeller of the plane has a mass of 400 kg and a radius of
ww

gyration of 0.3 m. The engine rotates at 2400 r.p.m. clockwise when viewed from the rear. Find
the gyroscopic couple on the aircraft.
a) 10.046 kN-m
b) 11.046 kN-m
c) 12.046 kN-m
d) 13.046 kN-m

Answer: a
Explanation: Given : R = 50 m ; v = 200 km/hr = 55.6 m/s ; m = 400 kg ; k = 0.3 m ;

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N = 2400 r.p.m. or ω = 2π × 2400/60 = 251 rad/s
We know that mass moment of inertia of the engine and the propeller,
I = mk2 = 36 kg-m2
and angular velocity of precession,
ωP = v/R = 55.6/50 = 1.11 rad/s
We know that gyroscopic couple acting on the aircraft,
C = I. ω. ωP = 36 × 251.4 × 1.11 = 100 46 N-m
= 10.046 kN-m
102) The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 8 tonnes and a radius of gyration 0.6 m. It rotates at

.in
1800 r.p.m. clockwise, when looking from the stern. Determine the gyroscopic couple, if the ship
travels at 100 km/hr and steer to the left in a curve of 75 m radius.
a) 100.866 kN-m

ng
b) 200.866 kN-m
c) 300.866 kN-m
d) 400.866 kN-m

eri
Answer: b
Explanation: Given: m = 8 t = 8000 kg ; k = 0.6 m ; N = 1800 r.p.m. or ω = 2π × 1800/60

e
= 188.5 rad/s ; v = 100 km/h = 27.8 m/s ; R = 75 m
gin
We know that mass moment of inertia of the rotor,
I = mk2 = 2880 kg-m2
and angular velocity of precession,
ωP = v / R = 27.8 / 75 = 0.37 rad/s
En

We know that gyroscopic couple,

C = I.ω.ωP = 2880 × 188.5 × 0.37 = 200 866 N-m
= 200.866 kN-m
arn

103) The heavy turbine rotor of a sea vessel rotates at 1500 r.p.m. clockwise looking from the stern,
its mass being 750 kg. The vessel pitches with an angular velocity of 1 rad/s. Determine the
gyroscopic couple transmitted to the hull when bow is rising, if the radius of gyration for the
Le

rotor is 250 mm.

a) 4.364 kN-m
b) 5.364 kN-m
w.

c) 6.364 kN-m
d) 7.364 kN-m
ww

Answer: d
Explanation: Given: N = 1500 r.p.m. or ω = 2π × 1500/60 = 157.1 rad/s; m = 750 kg;
ωP = 1 rad/s; k = 250 mm = 0.25 m
We know that mass moment of inertia of the rotor,
I = mk2 = 46.875 kg-m2
Gyroscopic couple transmitted to the hull (i.e. body of the sea vessel),
C = I.ω.ωP = 46.875 × 157.1 × 1= 7364 N-m = 7.364 kN-m
104) The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 3500 kg. It has a radius of gyration of 0.45 m and a
speed of 3000 r.p.m. clockwise when looking from stern. Determine the gyroscopic couple upon

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the ship when the ship is steering to the left on a curve of 100 m radius at a speed of 36 km/h.
a) 11.27 kN-m
b) 22.27 kN-m
c) 33.27 kN-m
d) 44.27 kN-m

Answer: b
Explanation: Given : m = 3500 kg ; k = 0.45 m; N = 3000 r.p.m. or ω = 2π × 3000/60 = 314.2 rad/s
When the ship is steering to the left

.in
Given: R =100 m ; v = km/h = 10 m/s
We know that mass moment of inertia of the rotor,
I = mk2 = 708.75 kg-m2

ng
and angular velocity of precession,
ωp = v/R = 10/100 = 0.1 rad/s
Gyroscopic couple,

eri
C = I.ω.ωp = 708.75 × 314.2 × 0.1 = 22 270 N-m
= 22.27 kN-m
105) Maximum couple during pitching is given by : (ω: angular velocity of rotor & ωpmax: Maximum
angular velocity of precession).
e
gin
a) Cmax = I.(ωpmax)2
b) Cmax = I.(ω)2
c) Cmax = I. ω. ωpmax
d) Cmax = I2. ω. ωpmax
En

Answer: c
Explanation: Maximum couple depends on both angular velocity of rotor and angular velocity of
arn

precession, therefore it is maximum when ωp is maximum.

106) During upward pitching, Gyroscopic couple will tend to move the ship towards ________
a) Star-board
Le

b) Port side
c) Ship movement is unaffected by upward pitching
d) Left side
w.

Answer: a
Explanation: During upward pitching, angular displacement of axis of spin from mean position is
ww

positive i.e Anti clockwise, therefore gyroscopic couple moves it towards right side or star board.
107) During downward pitching, Gyroscopic couple will tend to move the ship towards ________
a) Star-board
b) Port side
c) Ship movement is unaffected by upward pitching
d) Right side

Answer: b
Explanation: During downward pitching, angular displacement of axis of spin from mean

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position is negative i.e Clockwise, therefore gyroscopic couple moves it towards left side or port-
side.
108) If the movement of the ship were to occur about a vertical plane about a parallel axis then
which of the following factors will be affected while pitching?
a) Upward pitch
b) Downward pitch
c) Pitching will not occur
d) Change in angular velocity of rotor

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Answer: c
Explanation: For pitching to occur, motion should be about a vertical plane about a Transverse
axis, else the motion will not be considered pitching. If the movement is about the parallel axis

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then it is called Rolling.
109) Which of the following relation is correct regarding the net gyroscope couple C acting on a four
wheel vehicle?

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a) ωw.ωp (4 Iw ± G.Ie)2
b) ωw.ωp (4 Iw* G.Ie)
c) ωw.ωp (4 Iw ± G.Ie)
d) ωw2(4 Iw ± G.Ie)
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Answer: c
Explanation: When a four wheeled vehicle undergoes a motion along a curved path, the
gyroscope couple acts on the vehicle. This effect depends on angular velocities of precession &
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wheels and moment of inertia of wheels and rotating parts of engine.

110) The positive sign is used to determine the gyroscope couple in which of the following cases?
a) When the wheels and rotating parts of the engine rotate in the same direction
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b) When the wheels and rotating parts of the engine rotate in the opposite direction
c) When the precession is clockwise
d) When the precession is anticlockwise
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Answer: c
Explanation: The positive sign is used when the wheels and rotating parts of the engine rotate in
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the same direction. If the rotating parts of the engine revolve in opposite direction, then
negative sign is used.
111) If the net gyroscope couple is negative then which of the following is true?
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a) The reaction will be vertically downwards on the outer wheels and vertically upwards on the
inner wheels
b) The reaction will be vertically upwards on the outer wheels and vertically downwards on the
inner wheels
c) The reaction will be vertically downwards on the outer wheels and vertically downwards on
the inner wheels
d) The reaction will be vertically upwards on the outer wheels and vertically upwards on the
inner wheels

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Answer: a
Explanation: A negative gyroscope couple would result in opposite direction of the reaction
from the ground in the wheels of the vehicle.
112) The relation between overturning couple and height of centre of gravity is given by_______
a) Co = Fcxh
b) Co = Mv2xh/R
c) Co = Mv2 * (h/R)2
d) Co = Mv2 * h/R2

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Answer: a
Explanation: Centrifugal force is given by : Fc = (Mv2)/R and the overturning couple is the cross
product of h and Fc.

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113) In order to maintain contact between inner wheel and ground the sum of vertical reactions at
each of the outer and inner wheels should be less than______
a) W

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b) W/2
c) W/4
d) W/3

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Answer: c
Explanation: The total vertical reaction at each of the inner wheel will be negative if the sum of
vertical reactions at each of the outer and inner wheels is less than W/2.
114) Let x be the track width of the vehicle, then which of the following expression is correct for
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vertical reaction Q at the two outer or inner wheels?

a) Q = (Mv2. h)/ (R.x)
b) Q = (Mv2)/ R
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c) Q = Mv2. x/ (R.h)
d) Q = (Mv2)/ (x)
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Answer: a
Explanation: Centrifugal force is given by : Fc = (Mv2)/R and the overturning couple is the cross
product of h and Fc, and Q=Co/x. Therefore Q = (Mv2.h)/ (R .x)
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115) The overturning couple acting on the four wheeler vehicle is balanced by which of the following
forces?
a) Centripetal force
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b) Centrifugal force
c) Vertical reactions
d) Horizontal reactions

Answer: c
Explanation: Since the overturning couple tends to overturn the vehicle upside down about a
horizontal plane, the vertical reactions provide stability and helps in preventing the overturn.
116) Overturning couple is independent of the track width.
a) False

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DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
b) True

Answer: a
Explanation: The overturning is the cross product of height of center of gravity and the
centrifugal force. Since the centrifugal force does not depend on the track width, the
overturning couple is independent of the track width.
117) Assuming that a vehicle is taking a left turn, The gyroscopic couple acting on the vehicle has a
tendency to _____ the inner wheels and ____ the outer wheels.
a) Press, Lift

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b) Lift, Press
c) Press, Press
d) Lift, Lift

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Answer: b
Explanation: While taking a left turn, a four wheel vehicle undergoes the action of a gyroscopic

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couple which has an effect on inner and outer wheels. This effect results in lifting of inner wheel
and pressing of the outer wheel. This prevents the overturning of vehicle.
118) Which of the following factor is not responsible for the stability of a 4 wheel vehicle while
negotiating a turn?
e
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a) Pitching
b) Reaction due to weight of Vehicle
c) Effect of Gyroscopic couple due to Wheel
d) Effect of Gyroscopic Couple due to Engine
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Answer: a
Explanation: Pitching effect is not pronounced in four wheel vehicles and thus has a negligible
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effect on the stability of the vehicle while the other 3 factors play a vital role in preventing the
overturning of the vehicle.
119) Which of the following quantity represent the gear ratio “G” for a 2 wheeler vehicle? (w:
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wheels, e: engine, R: radius of track, rw: radius of wheels & I: moment of inertia)
a) ωw / ωe
b) ωe / ωw
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c) rw/ R
d) Ie/ Iw
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Answer: b
Explanation: Gear ratio is defined as the ratio of the angular speed of the initial or driving
member of a gear train or equivalent mechanism to that of the final or driven member
specifically: the number of engine revolutions per revolution of the rear wheels of an
automobile.
120) Which of the following is correct regarding angle of heel?
a) It is inclination of the vehicle to the vertical for equilibrium
b) It is inclination of the vehicle to the horizontal for equilibrium
c) It is the angle between the axis of gyroscope couple and horizontal

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
d) It is the angle between the axis of spin couple and axis of precession

Answer: a
Explanation: The axis of spin is inclined to the horizontal at an angle θ, when a two wheel vehicle
is taking a turn this is the angle it makes with the vertical plane and it is known as angle of heel.
121) Which of the following is correct regarding angle of heel?
a) It is the angle between the axis of spin couple and axis of precession
b) It is the angle between the axis of gyroscope couple and horizontal
c) It is inclination of the vehicle to the horizontal for equilibrium

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d) It is inclination of the axis of spin to the horizontal for equilibrium

Answer: d

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Explanation: While taking a turn, a two wheel vehicle is always at an inclination of an angle θ
with the vertical plane. This angle is known as angle of heel and is denoted by theta. In other
words, the axis of spin is inclined to the horizontal at an angle θ.

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122) When is the positive sign used for the expression of gyroscopic couple?
a) Centre of gravity is lower than the centre of vehicle
b) When the engine is rotating in the opposite direction as that of wheels

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c) When the engine is rotating in the same direction as that of wheels
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d) Centre of gravity is higher than vehicle centre

Answer: c
Explanation: To decide the direction of rotation between wheels and the engine, conventionally
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a positive sign represents the same direction and negative sign represents opposite direction.
123) The centrifugal couple’s tendency is to overturn the vehicle.
a) True
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b) False

Answer: a
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Explanation: When a two wheel vehicle is taking a turn, it experiences a centrifugal force acting
on it which has a tendency to turn the vehicle upside down about a horizontal plane, whereas as
centripetal force would prevent the overturning.
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124) The centrifugal couple affects the stability of a two wheel vehicle taking a turn.
a) True
b) False
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Answer: a
Explanation: While taking a turn a two wheel vehicle experiences a centrifugal couple acting on
it which has a tendency to turn the vehicle upside down about a horizontal plane. This force has
to be balanced by a balancing couple.
125) Balancing couple is given by _______ (θ: angle of heel)
a) m.g.h cos θ
b) m.g.h sin θ
c) m.g.h

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DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
d) (m.v2).h/R

Answer: b
Explanation: The balancing couple required for the stability of the two wheel vehicle taking a
turn is the cross product of height of centre of gravity and weight of the vehicle.
126) Which of the following is true regarding overturning couple?
a) It is the sum of gyroscope couple and centrifugal couple
b) It is the product of gyroscope couple and centrifugal couple
c) It is the difference of gyroscope couple and centrifugal couple

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d) It is the ratio of gyroscope couple and centrifugal couple

Answer: a

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Explanation: Since the centrifugal couple has a tendency to overturn the vehicle, therefore Total
overturning couple Co is given by: Co = Gyroscopic couple + Centrifugal couple.
127) What is the relation between overturning couple and balancing couple for the stability of

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vehicle?
a) Independent of each other
b) Overturning couple is greater
c) Balancing couple is greater
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d) Equal to each other

Answer: d
Explanation: The balancing couple acts in clockwise direction when seen from the front of the
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vehicle. Therefore for stability, the overturning couple must be equal to the balancing couple.
128) In the figure below what is known as the angle “x”?
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w.
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a) Angle of ascent
b) Angle of heel
c) Gyroscope angle
d) Angle of precession

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DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Answer: b
Explanation The vehicle is always inclined at an angle θ with the vertical plane. This angle is
known as angle of heel and is denoted by θ.

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w.
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