Centroids and Moment of Inertia

• Outline
• Centroids of Common Shapes
• Compound Figures
• Moment of Inertia
Centroid
• The centroid of an area is situated at its geometrical centre. In each of
the following figures ‘G’ represents the centroid, and if each area was
suspended from this point it would balance.
Centroid Versus Centre of Gravity
Importance of Centre of Gravity
Importance of Centre of Gravity
• In the automotive industry, the center of gravity height is an essential
parameter. The lower the center of gravity is, the more stability the
car or truck has. This explains why SUVs have more rollover issues
than cars, because they are higher off the road so their center of
gravity is higher. Race cars always have a very low center of gravity.
Some racing organizations limit the allowable location of the center of
gravity height of race cars to keep a fair competition.
Tightrope walkers use a slightly different trick to master their
center of gravity. If you've ever watched a tightrope walker,
you'll have noticed they never simply walk across the rope.
Some stretch their arms out or carry a long stick or an
umbrella. Others crouch down or bend their knees. Still others
ride bicycles with weights dangling some way beneath them.
These balancing aids help to give tightrope walkers more
control over their center of gravity. If they can keep their center
of gravity directly above the rope at all times, they will never
fall off. If they start moving to one side, a turning force will start
to topple them in that direction. So they have to quickly move
part of their body to the other side to make a turning force in
the opposite direction and restore their balance.
Centre of Gravity
How to Determine the Centroid of an Area
Centroids of Common Shapes of Lines
Centroids of common Shapes
Two Dimensional Figures
Two Dimensional Figures
Determine the centroid of the shaded area shown in Fig. P-705,
which is bounded by the x-axis, the line x = a and the parabola
y2 = kx.
Determine the centroid of the quarter circle
shown in Fig. P-706 whose radius is r.
Determine the centroid of the quadrant of the ellipse shown in Fig. P-707.
The equation of the ellipse is
How to determine the Centroid of Compound Shapes
Determine the coordinates of the centroid of the area shown in Fig. P-715 with
respect to the given axes.
Find the coordinates of the centroid of the shaded area shown in Fig. P-724.
Locate the centroid of the shaded area in Fig. P-723.
Locate the centroid of the shaded area in Fig. P-722 created by cutting a semicircle of
diameter r from a quarter circle of radius r.
Locate the centroid of shaded plane area as shown in Fig. All dimensions are in mm.

70 60

30

25 Dia

250

130 92

50

100
200
Locate the centroid of shaded 2. Locate the Centroid of the shaded area shown in the Fig. 5,
region as shown in Fig. 6Take R =
with respect to given X and Y axis.
100mm.
Locate the Centroid of the shaded area
shown in the Fig. , with respect to given
X and Y axis. All dimensions are in m
Locate the Centroid of the shaded area shown in the Fig. , with respect to given X
and Y axis. All dimensions are in m
Locate the Centroid of the shaded area shown in the Fig. , with respect to given X
and Y axis. All dimensions are in m

1000 mm Y

1000 mm
650 mm
X
400 mm
Locate the Centroid of the shaded area shown in the Fig. , with respect to given X
and Y axis. All dimensions are in m
Area moment of inertia
• The area moment of inertia is a property of a two-dimensional plane shape
which characterizes its deflection under loading.
• It is also known as the second moment of area or second moment of
inertia. The area moment of inertia has dimensions of length to the fourth
power.
• Beams with higher area moments of inertia, such as I-beams, are so often
seen in building construction as opposed to other beams with the same
area.
•
Area moment of inertia is a measure of the flexural stiffness of a beam. It is
in essence a measure of the resistance offered by a beam to bending
deflections. It is material independent, so you can say it is the capacity of a
cross-section to resist applied bending.
• It must be specified with respect to chosen axis of rotation
Moment of Inertia can be expressed in many ways

• Moment of Axis passing through the centroid.

• Axis passing through the base.
• The axis perpendicular to its base.
• Any other Axis
Area Moment of Inertia
M.I of Rectangle about the centroidal axis
M.I of Triangle about the centroidal axis
M.I of Circle about the centroidal axis
Polar Moment of Inertia

Second Polar Area Moment of Inertia of a shaft's cross section represents that shaft's
resistance to torsion.
Radius of Gyration
• We can define radius of gyration as the imaginary distance from the
centroid at which the area of cross section is imagined to be focused
at a point in order to obtain the same moment of inertia. It is denoted
by k.
Theorems on Moment of Inertia

• Perpendicular Axis Theorem

• Parallel Axis Theorm
Parallel Axis Theorem
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
Moment of Inertia of Common shapes
Find the moment of inertia about the indicated x-axis for the shaded area
shown in Fig. P-821.
A rectangle is 3 in. by 6 in. Determine the polar moment of inertia and the radius of
gyration with respect to a polar axis through one corner.
Determine the moment of inertia and radius of gyration with respect to a polar
centroidal axis of the cross section of a hollow tube whose outside diameter is 6 in.
and inside diameter is 4 in.
Determine the moment of inertia of the T-section shown in Fig. P-819 with respect
to its centroidal Xo axis.
Determine the moment of inertia of the area shown in Fig. P-
819 with respect to its centroidal axes.
•Locate the centroid of shaded plane area as shown in Fig.7
and determine the moment of inertia about its vertical centroidal axis. All dimensions are in mm.

70 60

30

25 Dia

250

130 92

50

100
200
Locate the centroid of shaded region as shown in Fig. 6. Calculate the second
area moment about its vertical centroidal axis. Take R = 100mm.
Locate the Centroid of the shaded area shown in the Fig. 5, with
respect to given X and Y axis. Also determine Second Moment of
Area about vertical centroidal axis.
Locate the Centroid of the shaded area shown in the Fig. 5, with respect to given
X and Y axis. Also determine Moment of Inertia about horizontal centroidal axis.
All dimensions are in mm.
Locate the centroid of shaded area as shown in
Fig. Also calculate the second moment of area
with respect to vertical centroidal axis (IYY).
Locate the centroid of the shaded area as shown in Fig. Determine the
radius of gyration about the horizontal centroidal axis.
Locate the centriod of the composite shape shown
in Fig. Determine the moment of inertia about the
centriodal X-X axis.
Locate the centroid of the shaded area as shown
in the Figure below and determine the Moment of
Inertia with respect to centroidal Y-Axis.

1000 mm Y

1000 mm
650 mm
X
400 mm
Determine the Moment of inertia of the
shaded area about the centroidal axes.
The plane polygonal lamina has one circular cut of 1.6m diameter and
one semi-circular cut of 4m diameter as shown in figure 4. Locate the
centroid of the remainder and find the second moment of its area about
centroidal axis parallel to the base.