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Cape Chemistry Unit 1 Worksheet Date ... : Chemical Kinetics (Rates of Reactions)

This document provides information and exercises about the kinetics and rate of reaction for the decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid when heated. It describes an experiment where the concentration of the acid was measured over time as it decomposed. Graphs are to be drawn of concentration versus time and rate versus concentration from which the rate equation, order of reaction, and rate constant can be determined. Further questions evaluate using this information to analyze the rate of other reactions.

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Janae Carter
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147 views

Cape Chemistry Unit 1 Worksheet Date ... : Chemical Kinetics (Rates of Reactions)

This document provides information and exercises about the kinetics and rate of reaction for the decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid when heated. It describes an experiment where the concentration of the acid was measured over time as it decomposed. Graphs are to be drawn of concentration versus time and rate versus concentration from which the rate equation, order of reaction, and rate constant can be determined. Further questions evaluate using this information to analyze the rate of other reactions.

Uploaded by

Janae Carter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JESUS CHRIST - SAVIOUR AND LORD


Cape Chemistry Unit 1 Worksheet Date ………………...

Chemical Kinetics (Rates of Reactions)

2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid in aqueous solution decomposes when heated to produce carbon dioxide and 2,4,6-
trinitrobenzene. See the equation below.

One of the products, carbon dioxide is gaseous, hence this reaction’s kinetics can be followed and studied by measuring
he volume of gas produced per unit time. Alternatively, the decrease in the concentration of the acid can be followed by
quenching the reaction, and by titration at specific time intervals. Such an experiment was done by Hughes and Hinshelwood in 1931.
They set up several mixtures at 90 0 C. At various reaction times they withdrew a sample and added a large volume of iced water to quench (stop) the
reaction. Each mixture was then titrated with 5.0 x 10 -3 mol dm -3 barium hydroxide solution using bromothymol blue as the indicator.

See below the figures from their results.

Time/min. Concentration of Exercise 1 – Plot a graph of concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid (vertical


2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic axis) against time (horizontal axis). Use a large piece of graph paper, as you will
acid/ 10 -4 mol dm-3 have to draw tangents to the curve. This will require much working space.
0 2.77
18 2.32
Exercise 2 – Place your ruler under the curve at time 0, with the long edge of the
31 2.05 ruler hugging the curve. Notice the slope of the ruler. Move the ruler slowly
55 1.59 along the curve, checking how its slope changes as you go. Answer the following
questions.
79 1.26
157 0.58 a. When is the rate of the reaction greatest and when is it the
Infinity 0.00 least?
b. Suggest a reason why the rate of reaction is changing.

Exercise 3 – Use the graph that you drew in Exercise 1 and construct tangents (See attachment on how to draw tangents
to a curve) to the curve at 10, 50, 100 and 150 minutes. Calculate their slopes and complete the table below.

Time/min. Concentration/ Slope / Rate/ Exercise 4 – Plot a graph of rate of reaction


mol dm -3 mol dm -3 min -1 mol dm -3 min -1 (vertical axis) against concentration of 2,4,6-
trinitrobenzoic acid (horizontal axis) using the
values from the table you completed in exercise 3.

Answer the following questions.


a. Does your graph go through the origin? Explain
why it should.
b. Use your graph to state the relationship between rate of reaction an concentration of reactant:
i. in words ii. mathematically

Exercise 5 – Use the rate equation which you worked out in exercise 4 to state:
a. the order of reaction with respect to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid.
b. the overall order of reaction.

Exercise 6 – Using both your graph and rate equation from exercise 4 calculate the value for the rate constant (k) of
decarboxylation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid at 90 0 C. State the units.

Exercise 7
a. Use your graph from exercise 1 to calculate the value for the rate of reaction at zero time (the initial rate).
b. Calculate the rate constant k for each of the times (0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 minutes) using your values from the table in
exercise 3. Average the results.
c. Which of the two values of k that you calculated is likely to be more accurate? Explain your answer.

Work the following question.

The table below shows the data obtained form the reaction between nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen at 700 0 C. The
stoichiometric equation for the reaction is:

2H2 (g) + 2 NO (g) 2H2O (g) + N2 (g)

Experiment Initial concentration/ mol dm -3


Initial rate /mol dm-3 s-1
number
H2 NO

1 0.01 0.025 2.4 x 10 -6

2 0.005 0.025 1.2 x 10 -6

3 0.01 0.0125 0.6 x 10 -6

Determine the order of reaction with respect to NO and H2. Write the rate equation for the reaction.

(Show all your working and reasoning below.)

adapted from ILPAC P5

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