Scribd
Upload
858 views

Ee1101 - LEARNING ASSESSMENT 3

This document contains two activities and an essay on Kant's philosophy of freedom, morality, justice and fairness. [1] The first activity asks the reader to choose one of Kant's philosophies and write a reaction paper. [2] The second activity asks the reader to provide 5 examples on the principle of taxation in uniformity and equity and explain each example. [3] The essay then discusses Kant's philosophies in more detail through discussing their key characteristics and analyzing concepts like autonomy, categorical imperative, and the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties.

Uploaded by

Bea Cabatay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
858 views

Ee1101 - LEARNING ASSESSMENT 3

This document contains two activities and an essay on Kant's philosophy of freedom, morality, justice and fairness. [1] The first activity asks the reader to choose one of Kant's philosophies and write a reaction paper. [2] The second activity asks the reader to provide 5 examples on the principle of taxation in uniformity and equity and explain each example. [3] The essay then discusses Kant's philosophies in more detail through discussing their key characteristics and analyzing concepts like autonomy, categorical imperative, and the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties.

Uploaded by

Bea Cabatay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ACTIVITY 1

Choose one of Kant’s philosophy (freedom, morality, justice and fairness) and write a reaction
paper.

ACTIVITY 2

Write 5 examples on the principle of taxation in uniformity and equity. Explain each example.

ESSAY

1. Discuss briefly the characteristics of Kant’s philosophy on freedom, morality, and


principles of justice and fairness.

Immanuel Kant is a philosopher in Germany during the Enlightenment era in the late 18 th

century. He is known for his work titled the “Critique of Pure Reason”. Other than any of his
work, he is also known for his philosophy and definition of freedom, morality and the principles
of justice and fairness.

         For Kant’s definition of freedom, he said that freedom can be characterized as the right to
control one’s action based on reason, and not desire. Herewith, it can be reduced to the word,
“Autonomy” which means self-legislation or self- governance. In a narrow sense, it simply means
that freedom is about the person’s ability to act on his own depending on his interests, principles
and values. A further characteristic is included by Kant’s definition of freedom- it is to abide by
the rules they follow. Based on Kant’s perception, it is said that people are not born to live with
what they truly want to do but rather, this principle of freedom is to live with the laws and
regulations enforced on us since we are born. Third characteristic of freedom in Kant's definition
is that it is limited and it coexists with each other’s freedom. He claims that freedom is
characterized as the independence from being limited by the option of another and our freedom
can coexist with the freedom of each other following the universal law.  Another one
characteristic is that freedom is the first and foremost among the various freedoms and freedom is
the only inherent power. All human beings are born equal in dignity and rights making it as the
first among various freedoms and the only power innate in us. Under Kant’s definition, there are
three concepts of freedom which are the freedom of a human being as a member of a state, the
dignity of each person as a subject and the freedom of any member of the commonwealth as a
resident. Lastly, from Kant’s philosophy of freedom, he pointed out that individuals have the
autonomous right of the people to be happy in their own way intervention of another’s freedom
exemplifies forcing others to be happy.  

        In terms of Kant’s philosophy on morality, his ethics are mostly organized in the notion
of “Categorical Imperative” which is a universal ethical principle that binds us to act in
accordance with respecting humanity in others and with accordance with the rules that could hold
for everyone. With this, regardless of hopes and wants, categorical imperative attaches us to have
the responsibility to do things even though we already have the interest to do so. In simpler terms,
this golden rule of categorical imperative says to people to act as they would want all other
people to act towards all other people making it looks like a universal law. Connecting to the
categorical imperative, Kant’s idea of morality is based on the idea of obligation. For Kant, to act
out of good will is to act based on the sense of moral duty. We do our duty when our motive is set
on by a principle recognized by a reason or cause more willingly than our desire. Another
component that can be characterized in Kant's philosophy on morality is the perfect and imperfect
duties. In Kant’s point of view, all humans are innately worthy of dignity and respect. He claimed
that all morality arises from duties, which from him is referred to as a duty based to act under the
series actions of right and wrong rather than looking into the consequences of the action itself. He
stated that a perfect duty is one that one should and always do while an imperfect duty is the duty
that one must not disregard but must acknowledge to feel the purpose of accomplishment.

  In the course of Kant’s philosophy about justice and fairness, he stated three corollaries
in terms of it. First is (a) justice involves external acts through which an individual may directly
and indirectly influence others. Second, (b) justice does not affect the desires, wishes or needs of
others and third (c) justice is concerned primarily with the nature of interpersonal relationships
and not with their substance. In a wider sense of Kant’s view of justice and fairness, on the first
corollary, he pointed out that the external actions that derived from our moral values that came
from our internal acts can influence other people either in a direct or indirect way. Likewise, in
the second, our kindness and charity came from our voluntary actions, morality and goodness and
our perception of other people’s freedom is not concerned with it. Lastly, from the third corollary,
it only states that our association between people or our interpersonal relationship is the only
thing concerned in justice and not with their content.

2. Define the following terms in your own words: freedom, morality, justice and fairness,
and relate your definition to Kant’s philosophy.

3. Analyze Article 6 Section 28 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution regarding taxation.

You might also like