They Watch television every evening, (present simple) They (watched television yesterday evening, (past simple) watched is the past simple: I/we/you/the he/she/it ‘The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For example: work > worked dance = danced clean ~* cleaned stay —* stayed start > started need > needed © I clean my teeth every morning. This morning I cleaned my teeth. © Terry worked in a bank from 1996 to 2003. 12 Yesterday it rained all morning, Ic stopped at lunchtime. (0 We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. ‘The party finished at midnight. Spelling (—* Appendix 5): uy > wied study > studied copy — copied stop stopped plan + planned g Some verbs are imegular (= not regular). The past simple is nor -ed. Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2-3) begin > began | fall —* fell | leave = left sell > sold break broke | find — found | lose ost 4 sat bring brought | fly flew | make made sleep slept build built forget forgot | mect met speak spoke buy bought | get got | pay paid sand stood catch caught | give gave | put put tke took come came | go went | read read (red)*| cell told do did have had | ring rang think thought drink drank | hear heard | say said win won eat ate know knew see saw write wrote * pronounced ‘ed? 10 usually get up early, but this morning I got up at 9 o'clock. 1 We did a lot of work yesterday, 1 Caroline went to the cinema three times last week, © James came into the room, took off his coat and sat down. was/were —> Unit 10 I didn’t / Did you ...? (negative and questions) = Unit 12 ago — Unit 19Exercises Unit 11 11.1 Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box. ; lean die enjoy finish happen open rain. start stay want 1 1... deaned... my teeth three times yesterday. 2 Tt was hot in the room, so T the window. 3. The film was very long, It at 7.15 and at 10 o'clock 4 When Twas a child, 1 to be a doctor. 5 The accident last Sunday afternoon. 6 Its anice day today, but yesterday it all day. 7 We cour holiday last year. We at a very nice place. 8 Anna’ grandfather when he was 90 years old. 11.2. Write the past simple of these verbs. 1 get ...9ot. 4 pay 7 go 10 know 2 see 5 visit 8 think 11 put 3 play 6 bay 9 copy 12. speak 11.3 Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid, Put the verbs in the correct form. oe Al. Ea aR ZV E Dt we Last Tuesday Lisa 1). fl. from London to Madrid. She @ fly, get up at 6 o'clock in the morning and @) a cup of coffee. At 6.30. have she (a home and (3) to the airport. When she leave, drive @ there, she @) the car, ( to the airport get, park, walk building, and in, Then she « breakfast at a café check, have and an) for her flight. The plane (12) on time and wait, depart 03 in Madrid two hours later. Finally she (14) arrive, take a taxi fiom the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid 114 Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc). 1 James always goes to work by car, Yesterday... he went. to work by car, 2 Rachel often loses her keys. She last week. 3 Kate meets her friends every evening, She yesterday evening. 4 Lusually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday 1 5 We often go to the cinema at weekends. Last Sunday we 6 [eat an orange every day. Yesterday I 7 i 8 hower in the morning, This morning he Our friends often come to see us, They last Friday. 11.5 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. 1 ....Lwent, to, the. theatre 4 3 + Additional exercise 10 (page 256) 33‘We use did in past simple negatives and questions: infinitive positive negative question play I played I play 1 | play? start we | started we start we | start? watch | | you | watched you | aa watch you | watch? have they | had they | Gd n0€ | have did | they | have’ see he | saw he | (idn’t) | soe he do she | did she do she go. it | went it go it | go? do/does (present) > did (past OI don’t watch television very often. I didn’t watch television yesterday. 0 Does she often go away? Did she go away last week? We use did/didn’t + infinitive (watch/play/go etc. Twatched but [didn’t watch (no! T didn’t watched) they went _ did they go? (not did they went?) he had he didn’t have ae you did did you do? eZ | 1 I played tennis yesterday, but | didn’t win. © ‘Did you do the shopping?” ‘No, | didn’t have time? (0 We went to the cinema, but we didn’t enjoy the film. Study the word order in questions: did + subject + infinitive Did | your sister | phone | you? What | did | you do last night? How | did | the accident | happen? Where | did | your parents | go for their holiday? Short answers Iwe/yousthey | gig No, | 1/ve/you/they Yes. | he/sherit he/she/it didn’t “Did you sce Joe yesterday?” ‘No, I didn’t.’ “Did it rain on Sunday? “Yes, it did.” “Did Helen come to the party?” ‘No, she didn’t.’ “Did your parents have a good holiday?” “Yes, they did.’ noog worked/got/went etc. (past simple) —> Unit 11Exercises 124 12.2 12.3 124 125 Unit 12 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative. 1 1 saw Barbara, but T 2 They worked on Monday, but they 3 We went to the post office, but we 4 She had a pen, but she 5 Jack did French at school, but he Write questions with Did ... ? 1 I watched TV last night. How about you? 2 L enjoyed the party. How about you? 3 Thad a good holiday. How about you? 4 [finished work carly. How about you? 5 Tslept well last night. How about you? didn't see. Jane. on Tuesday, to the bank, any paper. German. Did you watch TV last night What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences. 1 (watch TV) 2 (get up before 7 o'clock) I 3 (have a shower) 4 (buy a magazine) 5 (eat meat) 6 (go to bed before 10.30) Write B's questions. Use: arrive cost go go to bed late | watched, TV or didn't, watch, TV. happen have a nice time stay. win 1a: We went to New York last month, b: Where did you stay, A: With some friends, ‘We came home by taxi How much a: Ten pounds 5A: a: E was late for the meeting, What time A: Half past nine # 6 A: I'm tired this morning, A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well played tennis this afternoon, A: No, I lost. We went to the beach yesterday: A: Yes, it was great 4A: Thad a nice holiday. n: Good, Where A: To the mountains, : The window is broken. How a: Edon't know. Put the verb in the correct form — positive, negative or question. 1 We went to the cinema, but the film wasn't very good. We some new clothes yesterday ~ ewo shirts, a jacket and a pullover. (buy) Tim. yesterday?” We were tired, so we Ie was very warm in the room, so T “Did you phone Chris this morning?” ‘L-cut my hand this morning’ ‘How waa — Additional exercises 10-13 (page 256) “Why weren't you at the meeting yesterday?” ‘1 didn’t, enjoy. it "No, it was a nice day’ (rain) long at the party. (stay) a window. (open) No, I about it! (enjoy) (know) 35.A Past Simple (I walked, she rang) 1 We form the Past Simple of regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb: walk walked watch - watched | open opened ask-sasked ‘There are some exceptions: > verbs ending with -e: | +-d: live-lived like + liked > verbs ending with a consonant and [“yo-led: apply applied trys > most verbs ending with one vowel and one consonant: ~po-pped: stop stopped plan planned (or more details on the form of the Past Simple, see Table D on page 95.) 2 The Past Simple form of many verbs is have-shad buy-+bought come+came _ stand stood find found ring + rang go went say-4 said (For more details, see Table E, page 96.) A 3 We form the negative with didn't and the infinitive (e.g. do, take, understand): Ididn’t understand, (Not didrrtsunderstood ) We form questions with did and the infinitive (e.g, watch): Did you watch the film? The Past Simple of be is like this: The/she/it was/wasn’t | You/we/they were/weren’t J Was lhe/shefit Were you/we/they J very good. very good? ‘We use the Past Simple to talk about a completed event in the past. We often say when it happened (e.g, yesterday, last night): Chris phoned me yesterday. He wanted to discuss something with me. Did you enjoy the concert last night? ‘We can use the Past Simple with for to talk about something that continued for a period of time, and ended in the past: Ilived in Rome for two years. Then I went to work in Japan. ith, een Le for 2 years| (now) Practice Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form and the words in brackets (). 0 We went. (go) on holiday to Scotland last year. 1 1____ (take) a taxi from the airport to the city centre. 2 We ___(walk) to the park and then we (play) tennis. 3A __ (belyour meal) good? B: No, it (not/be). 1 _____—_ (nnot/like) the vegetables. 4 Themanin the shop (say) something to the woman, but she (not/hear) him, 5 1 (ring) the doorbell and a woman (open) the door. 61 (write) a letter to a friend, and then I (post) it. TA (you/understand) the film? B: No.l (try) to understand it, but the actors (speak) very quickly. 8 He (not/go) to school last Tuesday. He — (be) ill, 9 A: —_____ (you/buy) some clothes at the market? B: Yes,1 (buy) a pair of trousers and a shirt. PAGE 120 A: (you/enjoy) the festival? B: Yes. It_____(not/rain) and the music __ (be) very good. Make sentences using the correct form of the Past Simple. 0 (When/ you / leave / the party?) 1 (When / you/ finish / your exams?) 2 (I/wait/ foran hour, but he / not/ phone.) 3. (you/-watch / the news on TV last night?) 4. (Mark//stop / smoking last month, and he / start / playing tennis again last week.) 5 (He/ask/ mea question, but! / not / know / the answer.) 6 (I/live/ there for a few years, but I/ not / like / the place.) 7 (She/ come /to my house yesterday, but she / not / stay.) 8 (What/you/say?/1/ not / hear / you.) 9 (What /you / do / yesterday? / you / go / to school?) It’s the beginning of a new term at college. Two students, Nick and Eric, are talking about the summer holidays. Complete their conversation using the correct Past Simple form of the words in brackets ( ). Nick: What ° did you do __ (you/do) in the summer? Eric. 11 (take) a trip around Europe by train. Nick: 2 ____(it/be) expensive? Eric: No,I3 (buy) a railcard, and it 4 (be) quite cheap. ick: 8 (you/go) on your own, or with some friends? Acoupleoffriends® (come) with me. Nick: How many countries? _(youvisit)? Eric: 18 ____ (go) to six or seven countries. I? ____ (have) agreat time, and I really © (love) all of them. Nick: Which one # (youlike) most? Eric: Sweden, I think. The countrysid (take) lots of photographs. Nick: When #4 (you/arrive) back home? Last week. I’m still rather tired. (be) marvellous, and I! PAGE 13Past Simple (I walked) ‘We form the Past Simple like this: [ posrrive Iyoushe/she/it/we/they walked, NEGATIVE Hyoushelshelit/welthey didn’t walk. | questions Did L/you/he/she/it/we/they walk? SHORT ANSWERS | Yes, I/you/he/shefit/we/they die No, Vyou/he/she/itiwe/they didn't. ‘For information on how to form Past Simple verbs, see Tables E and F on page 96.) We use the Past Simple for single complete events in past time. We often use it with time expressions like at 4 o'clock, yesterday, when?, in 1993 etc: A: When did you win the cup? B: We won the cup in 1993. We went to a concert yesterday. Practice Use the words in brackets () to make a questi ‘We use the Past Simple for complete events, even when they continued for a long time: ‘A: How long did the First World War last? B: Itlasted for about 5 years, I think. My parents lived in Japan for three years. Then they went to live in Australia, Wealso use the Past Simple to talk about repeated events, or habits in the past: Teesdy. bide oy pS gorge det, When George was young, he always walked to school. ‘We use the Past Simple to tell a story in past time: We left home early on Saturday morning and drove, without stopping, to the Scottish border. It took about 6 hours to get there. After we crossed the border, we stopped ina little village, and had something to eat... jon and an answer. Use the Past Simple. 0 (When/Kennedy/die?) ~ (Hefin 1963) _When did Kennedy die? _ ~ _He died in 1963. _ 1 (What/Marie Curie/discover/in 18982) ~ (She /radium) 2 ~ (He /in Florence) 3. (When/Margaret Thatcher/become/Prime Minister?) ~ (She/Prime Minister in 1979) 4 (What/Alexander Bell/invent?) ~ (He /the telephone) 5 (How many books/Agatha Christie/write?) ~ (She /overa hundred books) 6 (When/Greta Garbo/movelto the United States.) ~ (She /there in 1925) PAGE 14B_Ineach case the two facts were true many years ago. Write a sentence to describe the past situation, as in the example. 0 (itis 1984.) Sally is at school. She plays in a football team. When _ ally was at school, she played in a football team_ 1. (Itis 1987.) Bob's sister is at university. She writes alot of poetry. When 2. (Itis 1990.) Fred is in the army. He goes to many different countries. When _ — 3. (Itis 1992.) Jane and Michael are at school. They don’t do much homework. When — - — — 4 (Ittis 1985.) Anna isa teenager. She wears very long skirts. When C. Put the right form of the best verb from the box in each sentence. Use each verb once. Then write the sentences in the correct order so they tell a story. be believe decide eat enjoy get talk go last deave- make see take tell _left___ school, took _ a job on the railways. by train, of course. Inparticular, we some mushrooms that asbigas plates. We everyone about the size of the mushrooms when we back home. But nobody —____us. Of course, we — all the famous buildings in Rome. They were fascinating. We to go together to Rome. 1_____ friends with a man called Harry. But most ofall, we the delicious Italian food. Sometimes, we — - about our ideas for a holiday. ‘The journey ___ over 24 hours. 0. _After left school, | took a job on the railways. _ —__ 1 —_ a oe ——_ =— —————e = 3 __ ——_ — —— —_ — —— 4 - ~ _ _ 5 —— —— —— —— — 6 — —— —— — 7 - 8 a —— a 9 — — 10 — PAGE 15UNIT 8 8. 1 No, she isn't Yes, she does. She's playing the piano, Yes, he does Yes, he is He’ cleaning a window. No, they aren't. Yes, they do. ‘They teach. 82 3 4 5 don’t 6 do are 7 does does 8 doesn’t Wis... don't 83 10 1 12 15 14 is singing She wants do you read you're sitt {don’t understand I'm going ... Are'you coming does your father finish I'm not listening He¥/He is cooking doesn’t usually drive usually walks doesn't like ... She prefers UNIT 9, 9. 4 5 6 9 2 2) 4 1 he’s got they've got she hasn't got its gor Thaven't got 2 He's gota computer. or He has a computer He hasn't got a dog, or He doesn’t have a dog, He hasn't got a mobile phone. or He doesn’t have a mobile phone. He's got a watch. or He has a watch. He's got two brothers and ister. oF He has two brothers and a sister. ve got a computer. / 1 have a computer. or Thaven't got a computer. / I don't have a computer. 8 9 10 T've got a dog. / T have a dog. or Thaven't got a dog. / T don’t have a dog, T've got a bike. / I have a bike. or Thaven't got a bike. / 1 don't have a bike (Example answer) P've got a brother and a sister. 9.3 3 4 He’ got a new job, They haven’: got much money. Have you got an.umbrella? We've got a lot of work to do. Thaven’e got your phone number. Has your father got a car? How much meney have we got? 94 3 a 5 6 7 % got / has got. (or has) haven't got. (or don’t have) ‘ve got / have got (or have) haven't got (er don't have) hasn't gor (or doesn't have) 9.5 have got four wheels or have four wheels got / has got alot of friends or has a lot of friends haven't got a key. or don’t have a key hhas got six legs or has six legs t gor much time or don't have much time UNIT 10 10.1 3 4 6 Jack and Kate were at/in the cinema. Sue was at the station Mr and Mrs Halll were in/at a restaurant. Ben was on the beach / ona beach / at the beach / at the seaside. (Example answer) 1 was at work. Key to Exercises 6 ‘re/are 7 Was 8 was 9 are... were 3 was ... were 4 ‘Were Kate and Bill at the party?” ‘Kate was there, but Bill wasn’t! or “Kate wasn’t there, but Bill was! 5 were 6 weren't... were 10.4 2 Was your exam difficult? 3 Where were Sue and Chris last wee! 4 How much was your new 5 Why were you angry yesterchy? 6 Was the weather nice last week? UNIT 11 WA 2 opened 3 started ... finished 4 wanted 5 happened 6 rained 7 enjoyed ... stayed 8 died 1.2 2 saw 8 thought 3 played 9 copied 4 paid 10 knew 5 visited 11 pur 6 bought 12 spoke 7 went 11.3 2 gor 9 checked 3 had 10 had 4 left 11 waited 5 drove 12 departed 6 gor 13 arrived 7 parked 14 took 8 walked 285Key to Exercises 286 14 wudnE en lost her keys met her friends bought two newspapers went to the cinema ate an orange had a shower came ((0 see us) U5 Example answers: 2 3 I gor up late yesterday. | met some friends at lunchtime. 4 I went to the supermarket. 5 I phoned a lot of people. 6 Llost my keys. UNIT 12 12.4 2 didn't work 4 didn't have 3 didn't go 5 didn’t do 12.2 , 3 we Did you enjoy the party? Did you have a good holiday? Did you finish work early? Did you sleep well last night? 12.3 6 T got up before 7 o'clock. or I didn’t get up before 7 o'clock. Thad a shower. or 1 didn’t have a shower. Thought a magazine. or I didn't buy a magazine. Tate meat. or 1 didn’t eat meat I went to bed before 10.30, or I didn't go to bed before 10.30. 12.4 4 6 7 8 did you arrive Did you win did you go did it cost Did you go to bed late Did you have a nice time did it happen / did that happen 12.5 2 bought 6 didn't have 3 Didit rain 7 did you do 4 didn't stay 8 didn't know 5 opened UNIT 13 13.1 2 6 Jack and Kate were at the cinema. They were watching a film. Tim was in. his car. He was driving ‘Tracey way at the station, She was waiting for a rain Mr and Mrs Halll were in the park. They were walking. (Example answer) L was ina café. [_was having a drink with some friends. 13.2 she was plying tennis she was reading a/the newspaper she was cooking (lunch) she was having breakfast she was cleaning the kitchen 13.3 3 4 5 What were you doing Was it raining Why was Sue driving Was Tim wearing 13.4. He was carrying a bag. He wasn’t going to the dentist. He was eating an ice~ cream, He wasn't carrying an umbrel He wasn't going home. He was wearing a hat. He wasn't riding a bicycle. UNIT 14 141 1 3 happened ... was painting fell arrived ... got ... were waiting was walking ... met .. was going ... was carrying - stopped 14.2 was studyir did the post arrive .. came ... was having didn’t go were you driving stopped ... wasn't driving 6 Did your team win ... didn't play 7 did you break ... were playing ... kicked ... hit 8 Did you see ... was wearing 9 were you doing 10 lost ... did you get climbed UNIT 15 15.1 2 She has/She’s closed the door. 3 They have/They've gone to bed. 4 Ithas/Ies stopped raining, 5 He has/He’s had a shower. 6 The picture has fallen down 15.2 2 "ve bought / have bought 3S gone / has gone 4 Have you seen 5 has broken 6 ‘ve told / have told 7 has taken 8 haven't seen 9 has she gone 10 've forgotten / have forgotten 11. invited / has invited 12 Have you decided 13 haven't told 14 've read / have read UNIT 16, 16.1 2 He's/He has just got up. 3. They've/They have just bought a car. 4 The race has just started. 16.2 2 they've/they have already seen it. 3 Tve/T have already phoned him. 4. He¥/He has already gone (away). 5 ['ve/T have already read it. 6 She’/She has already scarted (it). 16.3 2 ‘The bus has just gone. 3. The train hasn't left yet. 4 He hasn't opened it yet1 1 1 1 1 Unit 4 took walked ... played ‘Was your meal ... wasn't... didn’t like said... didn’thear rang... opened wrote... posted Did you understand ... tried ... spoke didn’t go... was, Did you buy ... bought Did you enjoy... didn’t rai was 1 When did you finish your exams? 2. Iwaited foran hour, but he didn’t phone. 3. Did you watch the news on TV last night? 4 Mark stopped smoking last month, and he started playing tennis again last week. 5. Heasked mea question, but I didn't know the answer. 6 lived there for a few years, but I didn't like the place. She came to my house yesterday, but she didn't stay. 8 What did you say? I didn’t hear you. 9 What did you do yesterday? Did you go to school? took ‘Was it bought was Did you go came did you visit went 9 had 10. loved 1 did you like 2 was 3 took 4 did you arrive Unit 5 wasn't listening was talking were waiting was living ‘was coming were winning were sitting were you staying wasn't driving wasn’t raining were you doing EB Sceuausune aU Anan e eu aMeoNe was eating were playing was watching was sitting was writing was brushing was listening ‘was painting was living was studying was doing left... was working, met ... was working was working ... met was running was running ... married has/’s visited has/’s been has/’s written has/’s climbed haven’t/have not read *ver/have lost ‘s/has bought *velhave booked *velhave made hasn’t/has not happened Have you replied Yes, in fact I have worked abroad, P've worked in Ireland and Brazil. ‘What about you? Have you ever had a job abroad? No, I've never wanted to leave my home town, ve lived here for twenty years, and I've never thought of working abroad, Really? Well, 've applied for another job abroad. T’ve/l have known her for more than ten years. Thaven't eaten anything since lunchtime. Have you lived in this town for a long time? Jill has been a good friend since we were at school together. Have you seen Jack since the party last week? answer key PAGE 103Unit 4 issitting is listening is playing think like understand Do... want drink: arelistening ... islooking are counting ... do not/don’t know likes .. fit is sitting ... does not/doesn’t matter costs ... includes Do you recognize the woman in this photo? ... Do you mean the woman who islooking straight at the camera? Hello, David. Why are you standing here? Are you waiting for me? ... Yes, I want to speak to you. Listen to the engine. Do you think it is all right? ... It sounds all right, but it smells ofoil. 1 isthinking 2 has 3 istasting 4 feels 5 tastes 6 ishaving 7 thinks Unit 5 1 What did Marie Curie discover in 1898? ~ 2 Where did Michelangelo live? ~ He lived in Florence. 3. When did Margaret Thatcher become Prime Minister? ~ She became Prime Minister in 1979. 4 What did Alexander Bell invent? ~ He invented the telephone. 5 How many books did Agatha Chris write? ~ She wrote over a hundred books. 6 When did Greta Garbo move to the United States? ~ She moved there in 1925. When Bob's sister was at university, she wrote a lot of poetry. When Fred was in the army, he went to many different countries. A 1 eeyansun 3. When Jane and Michael were at school, they didn’t do much homework. 4 When Anna was a teenager, she wore very long skirts. 1 Imade friends with aman called Harry, 2. Sometimes we talked about our ideas for aholiday. 3 We decided to go together to Rome. 4° Wewent by train, of course. 5. The journey lasted over 24 hours, 6 Of course, we saw all the famous buildings in Rome. They were fascinating 7 But most of all, we enjoyed the delicious Italian food. 8 In particular, we ate some mushrooms that were as big as a plate. 9 Wetold everyone about the size of the mushrooms when we got back home. 10 But nobody believed us. Unit 6 The storm started while they were driving home. I saw an accident while I was waiting for the bus. Mary went to several concerts while she was staying in London, My father was cooking the dinner when he burnt his fingers. The soldiers were preparing to leave when the bomb exploded. made ... was making ... arrived .. helped designed ... started .... was working ... died escaped ... were taking ... caught locked were losing... won sang ... played ... recorded ... was preparing ... shot were coming ... were hurrying standing ... grabbed was did you do you were reading rang were you doing was drinking drank went did you put wwas raining answer key PAGE 103