Personal Protective

Equipment - PPE
Hierarchy of Control
Personal Protective
Equipment - PPE
• Determine the Different Types of PPE

• Distinguish the appropriate and approved

types of PPE needed in a workplace

• Know the limitations of PPE

Personal Protective
Equipment
PPE is an Equipment which protects the
individual against Health and Safety Risks
at work.
Personal Protective
Equipment

PPE is any Physical material or Equipment

that is placed between the Employee and
Workplace Hazards to reduce the Injury
Potential of the hazard.
OSHS
RULE 1080:
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & DEVICES

1081 General Provisions:

1081.01 Every Employer:
1) Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective
equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields and
barriers whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous nature of
the process or environment, chemical or radiological or other
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through
absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
1081.02
All protective equipment shall be of approved design and construction
appropriate for the exposure and the work to be performed.

1081.03
The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper maintenance
of personal protective equipment used in his workplace.

1081.04
No person shall be subjected or exposed to hazardous environmental
condition without protection.
Rule 1082 - Eye and Face Protection
Rule 1083 - Respiratory Protection
Rule 1084 - Head Protection
Rule 1085 - Hand and Arm Protection
Rule 1086 - Safety Belts, Life Lines and Safety Nets
Rule 1087 – Use of Safety Shoes
Personal Protective
Equipment
Head Protection Eye & Face Protection

Hearing Protection Respiratory Protection

Hand & Arm Protection Foot Protection

Torso Protection Fall Protection

Personal Protective Equipment
Hard Hat Safety Glasses Gloves

Long Sleeve / Vest with high Visibility Safety Boots

Personal Protective Equipment
Additional PPE which may be required by Company depending on the
work environment include:

 Hand protection

 Eye protection

 Hearing Protection

 Coveralls

 Respiratory Protection
Guidelines in PPE Use

1. Identify the hazard

2. Understand the effect
3. Choose the appropriate and approved type of PPE
4. Train Workers:
- When PPE is necessary
- What PPE is necessary
- How to properly wear and adjust the PPE
- The limitations of PPE
- The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of PPE
Head Protection
(ANSI Z89.1 2014)

Hard Hat is a rigid device

that is worn to provide head
protection from falling
materials and which is held
in place by a suitable
suspension.
Head Protection
(ANSI Z89.1 2014)
Occupational Head Hazards & Effects

HAZARDS EFFECTS

• Impact from falling objects • Perforation / fracture of

• Bump against firm the skull
stationary objects • Electrical shock
• Penetration by sharp objects • Burns
• Contact with live electrical
conductors
• Fire hazards
Parts of Hard Hat

• The hard outer shell to protect the head

from falling objects and tools.
• The suspension system to maintain the
hard hat in the correct wearing position on
the wearer’s head.
• The chin strap to secure the hard hat to
the wearer’s head.
• The peak of brim to redirect a falling
object away.
Classes of Hard Hat (ANSI Z89.1)
Classes of Hard Hat (ANSI Z89.1)
Eye & Face Protection
(ANSI Z87.1-2015)

Eye and Face Protective

Equipment is worn to provide
protection to the eye and face
where there is a reasonable
probability of having an injury.
Occupational Eye and Face Hazards

• Large flying particles and fragments from operations /

fabrication works such as metal working, grinding,
cutting, chiseling, hammering and riveting.
• Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles from
woodworking.
Occupational Eye and Face Hazards

• Vapors and liquids from chemicals / solvents and

paints.
• Sparks, Intense heat and radiation from furnace
tending, electric welding and oxyacetylene welding
and cutting.
Effects of Occupational Eye and Face
Hazards

EFFECTS

• Permanent loss of vision

• Temporary loss of vision
• Inflamed eyes
• Skin Burns
• Lacerations
• Fractures
• Broken Teeth
Eye and Face Protection

• Safety Spectacles
• Eye Goggles
• Face Shields
• Safety Spectacles or Glasses are primary
protective devices intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from
flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation
hazards.

• Goggles are primary protective devices intended to fit the

face immediately surrounding the eyes.
Eye and Face Protection
(ANSI Z87.1-2015)

• Safety Glasses must be available on the

person at all times in the workplace.

• Be sure to have the RIGHT eye

protection for the task.
Face Shield is a protective device
intended to shield the wearer’s face, or
portions thereof from striking objects or
chemical, heat and glare hazards.
Use of Face Protections

"A a general rule, face shields should be

worn over suitable basic eye protection."

- National Safety Council

Use of Face Protections

Welding Mask
Eye Protections
Face Protections
Hearing Protection

Benefits:
• Prevent loss of hearing
• Lessen noise distraction
Occupational Ear / Hearing Hazards

Hazard or failure to wear:

• Hearing loss
• Tinnitus – Permanent ringing
Hearing Protection

“ You should wear a Hearing Protection

Device whenever you are exposed to noise
that is 85 - 90 decibels (dbl) or greater for
an 8-hour period of time.”
Hearing Protection

Duration of Noise Exposure:

 82dbl - 8 hrs up to 12 hours (max.)
 85dbl - 4 hrs
 88dbl - 2hrs
 91dbl - 1 hour
• Once hearing is lost, it’s gone FOREVER
ARM’S LENGTH RULE

“If two people with no hearing impairment have to

raise their voices or shout to be heard in a distance of
less than an arm’s length from each other, the sound
level is potentially hazardous.”

blah, blah, blah…

Types of Hearing Protectors
Earplugs
Hearing protectors placed inside the ear to block
out noise. To work effectively, they should fit
snugly into the ear canal.
Ear Plugs
Types of Hearing Protectors
Earmuffs
A device composed of a headband with two
cushioned ear cups that form a seal around the
outer ear, covering it completely and blocking out
the noise.
Ear Muffs
Ear Pods
Ear Protection
Occupational Respiratory Hazards

• Acids / Mists
• Solvents/ Vapors
• Gases / Smoke
• Dusts / Particulates
• Heavy Metals / Fumes
FILTRATION RESPIRATORS or
MECHANICAL RESPIRATORS
screen out dust and some form of mist.
Such Filters need to be replaced at
frequent intervals.

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE
DEVICES remove contaminants by
passing the tainted air through
material that traps the harmful
portions. There are specific cartridges
for specific contaminants.
AIR-SUPPLYING EQUIPMENT
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) - Supply air from an
air tank is strapped at the person’s back.
Respiratory Protection
Hand and Arm Protection
Occupational Hand and Arm
Hazards
• Extreme Temperature
• Chemical exposures and splashes
• Sharp objects
• Fire
• Abrasive materials
• Live electrical conductors
Common Hand & Arm Injuries
• Burns
• Bruises
• Abrasions
• Cuts
• Punctures
• Fractures
• Amputations
• Electrocution
Different Kinds of Gloves (D120-14A ASTM)
Class 00 to Class 4

Metal-meshed gloves Leather gloves shield Vinyl & neoprene

resist sharp edges your hands from gloves protect your
and prevent cuts rough surfaces and hands against toxic
heat chemicals
GLOVES continued…

Rubber gloves protect Welder’s gloves protect

you when working your hands from heat
around electricity. and flames
GLOVES continued…

Cotton gloves help

Latex disposable Lead-lined gloves grasp slippery
gloves are used to are used to protect objects and protect
protect your hands your hands from against slivers,
from germs and radiation sources dirt,, moderate heat
bacteria or cold
GLOVES continued…
GLOVES continued…
Foot & Leg Protection
Occupational Foot & Leg Hazards

• Falling or rolling objects

• Sharp objects
• Live Electrical conductors
• Hot surfaces
• Wet and slippery surfaces
• Slips and Trips hazards
Occupational Foot & Leg Injuries
• Fractures
• Punctures
• Burns
• Cuts
• Amputations
• Electrocution
Foot & Leg Protection

Safety Shoes
Protective Toe Cap
footwear protects your toes
from being crushed by
falling objects.

Mid-Sole Protective Device

protects the foot from puncture
hazards.
Safety Shoes Classification

(ASTM F 2412-11 & ASTM F 2413-11)

Heavy Duty or Class 75

Body Suit / Protection
Benefits:
• Prevent injury
• Protects body from skin
rashes, irritation &
dermatitis

When to wear them:

• Grouting
• Welding
• Handling oils and
lubricants
• Handling chemicals
Body Suit / Protection

Hazard or Failure to wear:

• Skin Infections
• Minor Lacerations
• Chemical Burns

Check the SOP / SDS as to the RIGHT

body suit for the task.
Body Suit / Protection
Underground PPE
Cap Lamp
Hard Hat

Safety Glasses

Earplugs/Ear muffs

Body Protection(Long sleeves(rolled

down)/pants with reflectorized stripe)

MST Beacon Self Rescuer

Personal Lock
and Tags Miners Belt

Hand Gloves

Safety Shoes / Boots

Proper PPE usage?
Proper PPE usage?
Proper PPE usage?
Proper PPE usage?
Fall Protection
Benefits:
• Fall protection
• Prevent injury
When to wear them:
• Working at a Height ‘where a risk of
falling exists’
• Working Near Open Holes
Remember:
• Check you Harness if fitted correctly
• You must be Trained and Competent prior
to use Harness
Fall Protection
Hazard or Failure to wear:

• Fitted incorrectly - injury

• Fall
• Minor to major Injury
• Permanent disability
• Fatality

“The only time you are allowed to fall is for

LOVE”
Use of Body Belts
• Effective January 1, 1998, body belts
are prohibited as a fall arrest device.
(OSHA)
• Body belts can still be used as a travel
restraining device.
Personal Fall Arrest System
(ANSI/ASSE Z359.1-2007)

Fall Arrest System are designed to minimize stress

forces on an employee's body in the event of a fall,
while providing sufficient freedom of movement to
allow work to be performed.
Components of the Personal Fall
Arrest System (PFAS)
• Approved fall arrest equipment is used
and involved personnel are familiar or
trained with the use of the equipment
• A – Anchorage Point
• B - Body
• C- Connector
• D - Descending Devices
• When using fall arrest equipment, at
least one person shall be present nearby
at all times. That person can send alert
when necessary in case of a fall.
Components of the Personal Fall
Arrest System (PFAS)
Anchorage / Anchor Points

• These attachments can be

mounted through bolt holes on
steel members &/or concrete .
• They are rated at 5,000 lbs. or
2,500 kgs. in all directions
Horizontal Lifeline

• Provide maneuverability
• Must be designed, installed and used under
the guidance of a qualified person
Vertical Lifeline

• Must be designed, installed and used under

the guidance of a qualified person
Full Body Harness
It consists of straps passed
over the shoulders, across
the chest, and around the
legs. In a fall, a full body
harness protects you more
than a safety belt, because it
distributes the force of
impact over a greater area of
your body.
Full Body Harness Inspection
• The fall arrest equipment, system and anchor
point has been visually inspected and
checked by a co-worker and any damaged is
taken out of service
• Safety harness shall be inspected and tagged
by a competent person at least every quarter.
(Quarterly Color Code Inspection / Red-
Green-Blue-Yellow)
• The user shall always visually check his/her
safety harness before and after use.
Lanyard Inspection
Sample Worn-out Body Harness Parts
Harness Pressure Points

Spread load Excess pressure

across butt here can cut blood
strap and belt flow to the legs
strap if on the
harness

Some studies have indicated permanent damage to the lower extremities when the worker
hangs for more than twenty (20) minutes
Limitation Of PPE

1. The hazard still exists.

2. A defective PPE offers no protection.
3. The PPE may introduce additional hazard.
4. Most PPE are not for continuous use.
5. Improper wearing may not give maximum
protection.
PPE Program

1. Written PPE Policy / Procedure

2. Proper Selection of PPE
3. Proper Training
4. Maintenance Program
5. Incentive System
6. Enforcement
Summary
• Assess the workplace for hazards
• Use Engineering and Work Practice Controls to
eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE
• Select appropriate and approved PPE to protect
employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated
• Inform employees why PPE is necessary, how and
when it must be worn
• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE,
including how to recognize deterioration and failure
• Require employees to wear selected PPE
Any Questions?
Thank you for Listening!