COSH

CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY &
HEALTH COURSE
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
Objectives

 distinguish the appropriate type of PPE you

need in your workplace
 To know the importance of PPE and the
proper use
 know the limitation of PPE
 develop program to introduce PPE for your
company
Rule 1080 Personal Protective
Equipment and Devices
1081 GENERAL PROVISIONS:

1081.01 EVERY EMPLOYER:

1. Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with
protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet,
protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by
reason of the hazardous nature of the process or
environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical
irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment
in the function of any part of the body through absorption,
inhalation or physical contact.

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Rule 1080 Personal Protective
Equipment and Devices
1081.02
All protective equipment shall be of approved design and
construction appropriate for the exposure and the work to be
performed.

1081.03
The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper
maintenance of personal protective equipment used in his
workplace.

1081.04
No person shall be subjected or exposed to hazardous
environmental condition without protection.

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Defining hazards

 A hazard is anything that produces adverse

effects on anyone.
 Examples:
 slippery floors
 falling objects
 chemicals
Classification of hazards
1. Direct
* Unguarded Machines
* Falling/Flying Materials
* Slippery Floors, etc.
2. Physical
* Noise
* Temperature Extremes
*Ionizing/Non-Ionizing Radiation
* Extreme Pressure
* Vibration
Classification of hazards

3. Chemical 4. Biological
* vapors * bacteria
* gas * virus
* dust * Fungi
* fumes
* mists
5. Ergonomic
Hazard control measures

 Engineering
 Administrative
 PPE
PROGRAM TO INTRODUCE PPE

1. Written Policy
2. Proper Selection of PPE
3. Proper Training
4. Maintenance Program
5. Incentive System
6. Enforcement
Proper Training
1. Describing what hazards
and/or conditions in the
workplace
2. Telling what can be /cannot
be done about it
3. Explaining why certain type
of PPE has been selected
4. Discussing the capabilities
and/or limitation of the PPE
Proper Training

5. Demonstrating how to use,

adjust or fit PPE
6. Practicing using PPE
7. Explaining company how to
deal with emergencies
8. Discussing how PPE will be
paid for, maintained, repaired
and cleaned.
 Should be taken as the last thin line of
defense.

 Does not reduce the hazard.

 Merely set up a frail barrier.

 Must be constantly maintained.

 The NEED for personal protective equipment
must be established.
Present the need for the device, based on exposure and
nature of works
 The problem of SELECTING the right type. Two
criteria should be used:
The degree of protection which a particular piece affords
under varying conditions, and
The ease with which it may be used.
• Degree of protection must be proportional to seriousness of
hazard.
• Balance between protection and interference.
• Quality of PPE & Factor of Cost.
 The next problem is that of having workers
WEAR personal protective equipment once it has
been chosen.
Acceptability of PPE to worker.
 Present the need for  Keep stockroom neat
the device. and clean.
 Inform worker on  Replace worn-out
area demands and PPE immediately.
how to use the  Set Example.
equipment.
 Disciplinary sanctions
 Give worker are there to protect
opportunity to select. the worker.
 Keep stock of PPE
available.
 HEAD AND EAR PROTECTION

 protective or hard hats, caps

 hair protectors

 ear protectors

 Ear plugs

 Ear Muffs
TYPES OF HARD HAT
Hard hats are divided into three industrial classes:
Class A hard hats provide impact and penetration resistance along with limited
voltage protection (up to 2,200 volts).
Class B hard hats provide the highest level of protection against electrical
hazards, with high-voltage shock and burn protection (up to 20,000 volts). They
also provide protection from impact and penetration hazards by flying/falling
objects.
Class C hard hats provide lightweight comfort and impact protection but offer no
protection from electrical hazards.

Another class of protective headgear on the market is called a “bump hat,” designed for
use in areas with low head clearance. They are recommended for areas where
protection is needed from head bumps and lacerations, but don’t protect against falling
or flying objects and are not ANSI-approved.
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TYPES OF HARD HAT
Each hat should bear a label inside the shell that lists the manufacturer, the ANSI
designation and the class of the hat.

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Noise Reduction

EAR PLUGS: 7 – 10 dBA

EAR MUFFS: 20 – 25 dBA

HEARING PROTECTION
Some types of hearing protection include:
Single-use earplugs are made of waxed cotton, foam, silicone rubber or
fiberglass wool. They are self-forming and, when properly inserted, they work
as well as most molded earplugs.
Pre-formed or molded earplugs have to be fitted for you by a professional,
and can be disposable or reusable. Reusable plugs should be cleaned after
each use.
Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear. Glasses, facial hair, long hair
or facial movements such as chewing can reduce the protective value of
earmuffs.

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HEARING PROTECTION
Generally, the louder the noise, the shorter time employees
can listen to it before they need hearing protection. For
instance, 85 dB (as loud as normal traffic) over a full work
day is the lowest level at which hearing protection is
required.
A noise level of 95 dB is ten times as loud, and your
exposure should be limited to six hours or less.
A noise at 115 dB (what you would hear at the front row
of a rock concert) is only safe to listen to for about 15
minutes.
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 FACE AND EYE PROTECTION

 Hoods

 Spectacles and goggles

 Face shields

 Welding mask
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Many eye injuries occur because workers are not wearing
any eye protection, while others result from wearing
improper or poorly-fitting eye protection.
Always wear whatever eye and face protection is
appropriate; always make sure it fits properly.

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EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Normal prescription corrective lenses are not enough
protection for construction situations. If you usually wear
corrective lenses, your employer should provide PPE that
fits over your glasses or incorporates your prescription.

Protective eyewear should never interfere with the proper

positioning of your prescription, because vision is important
on every worksite.

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TYPES OF EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Some of the most common types of eye and face protection
are listed below.
Safety spectacles have frames constructed of metal or
plastic and impact resistant lenses made of impact-
resistant material (usually plastic). Side shields are
available on some models.
Goggles are tight-fitting eye protection that completely
covers the eyes, the eye sockets, and the facial area
immediately surrounding the eyes. They protect against
impact, dust, and splashes. Some goggles are designed to
fit over prescription corrective lenses.
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TYPES OF EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Some of the most common types of eye and face protection
are listed below.
Welding shields are constructed of vulcanized fiber or
fiberglass and fitted with a filtered lens, and protect eyes
from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light. They
also protect both the eyes and face from flying sparks,
metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding,
brazing, soldering and cutting operations. The shade
number of the lens should be high enough to protect
against the specific dangers of your job.
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TYPES OF EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Some of the most common types of eye and face protection
are listed below.
Face shields are transparent sheets of plastic that extend
from the eyebrows to below the chin and across the entire
width of the employee’s head. Some are polarized for glare
protection. Face shields protect against nuisance dusts and
potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids but will
not provide adequate protection against impact hazards.
Face shields used in combination with goggles or safety
spectacles will provide additional protection against impact
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hazards.
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

 Oxygen or air breathing apparatus

(SCBA)

 Supplied air respirators

 Canister and cartridge respirators

 Dispersoid filter respirators

 HAND, FOOT, AND LEG PROTECTION

 Gloves, mitts, hand leathers

 Safety shoes

 Foot guards

 Leggings
FOOT PROTECTION
Examples of situations in which foot and/or leg protection
are required include:
When heavy objects, like barrels or heavy tools, might
roll or fall on someone’s
feet
When employees working with sharp objects, such as
nails or spikes, that could
pierce the bottom or top of a pair of ordinary shoes
Exposure to molten metal that might splash on feet or
legs PPE 33
FOOT PROTECTION
Examples of situations in which foot and/or leg protection
are required include:
Working on or around hot, wet, or slippery surfaces
Working when electrical hazards are present.

PPE 34
FOOT PROTECTION
Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant
soles that protect the feet against hot work surfaces, like
the ones encountered in paving operations.

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FOOT PROTECTION
Safety-toe footwear for employees shall meet the
requirements and specifications in ASTM F-2412-2005,
Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection, and ASTM F-
2413- 2005, Standard Specification for Performance
Requirements for Protective Footwear,

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SPECIAL PURPOSE SAFETY SHOES
In the rare case where a construction worker is in a location
with an explosive hazard, electrically conductive shoes may
be appropriate. They provide protection against the buildup
of static electricity.

Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes are nonconductive, and

will prevent the wearers’ feet from completing an electrical
circuit to the ground. These shoes can protect against open
circuits of up to 600 volts in dry conditions

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HAND PROTECTION
TYPES OF GLOVES:
Leather, Canvas, or Metal Mesh Gloves
Sturdy gloves made from metal mesh, leather or canvas
provide protection against cuts
and burns. Leather or canvas gloves also protect against
sustained heat.
Leather gloves protect against sparks, moderate heat,
blows, chips and rough
objects.
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HAND PROTECTION
TYPES OF GLOVES:
Leather, Canvas, or Metal Mesh Gloves
Aluminized gloves provide reflective and insulating
protection against heat and
require an insert made of synthetic materials to protect
against heat and cold.
Aramid fiber gloves protect against heat and cold, are
cut- and abrasiveresistant and wear well.

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HAND PROTECTION
TYPES OF GLOVES:
Leather, Canvas, or Metal Mesh Gloves
Synthetic gloves of various materials offer protection
against heat and cold, are cut- and abrasive-resistant and
may withstand some diluted acids. These materials do not
stand up against alkalis and solvents.

PPE 40
HAND PROTECTION
TYPES OF GLOVES:
Fabric and Coated Fabric Gloves
Fabric and coated fabric gloves are made of cotton or
other fabric to provide varying degrees of protection.
Fabric gloves protect against dirt, slivers, chafing
and abrasions. They do not
provide sufficient protection for use with rough, sharp
or heavy materials.

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HAND PROTECTION
TYPES OF GLOVES:
Fabric and Coated Fabric Gloves
Coated fabric gloves are normally made from cotton
flannel with napping on one side. By coating the
unnapped side with plastic, fabric gloves are
transformed into general-purpose hand protection
offering slip-resistant qualities.

PPE 42
HAND PROTECTION
Chemical- and Liquid-Resistant Gloves
Chemical-resistant gloves are made from rubber or
plastic.

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D - ring

Safety Belts

Safety
Harness
BODY PROTECTION
Protective clothing comes in a variety of materials,
each effective against particular hazards, such as:
Paper-like fiber used for disposable suits provide
protection against dust and splashes.
Treated wool and cotton adapts well to changing
temperatures, is comfortable, and fire-resistant and
protects against dust, abrasions and rough and
irritating surfaces.

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BODY PROTECTION
Duck is a closely woven cotton fabric that protects
against cuts and bruises
when handling heavy, sharp or rough materials.
Leather is often used to protect against dry heat and
flames.
Rubber, rubberized fabrics, neoprene and plastics
protect against certain
chemicals and physical hazards. When chemical or
physical hazards are
present, check with the clothing manufacturer to
PPE 49
Working Over or Near Water
Employees working over or near water, where the
danger of drowning exists, shall be provided with
approved life jacket or buoyant work vests.

PPE 50
 All PPE must be kept clean and
properly maintained.
 PPE should be inspected, cleaned
at regular intervals.
 PPE shall not be shared between
employees until it has been
properly cleaned and sanitized.
Occupational Safety and
Health Center

Safety Control
Division

TEST REPORT submitted by supplier of PPE shall be

in original form and in current year.
OBJECTIVES:

1. Verifying issuance of PPE’s.

2. Protection of the organization against liability in the event

of litigation.

3. Controlling cost by identifying over-use and abuse of

equipment.

NOTE: Recommended RETENTION PERIOD for PPE RECORD

KEEPING is 1 year to 10 years.
• Written records shall be kept of
the names of persons
trained.
• Supervisors shall maintain
training records for at least 3
yrs.
• H&S Committee shall maintain
HAC form for each site
evaluation for at least 3 yrs.
• PPE shall be properly stored to
protect against environmental
conditions that might reduce the
effectiveness of the equipment.
• PPE, having a shelf-life
limitation, shall be checked
periodically to ensure
compliance with the expiration
date.
1 MANAGEMENT shall:
• Provide PPE and training for personnel.
• Post areas requiring PPE with signs.
• Ensure full compliance of responsibilities
of employees set forth in the safety
program and/or policies.

2 SUPERVISORS shall:
• Ensure that appropriate PPE is available
to employees.
• Ensure PPE is properly used.
3 EMPLOYEES shall: 4 H&S COMMITTEE shall:
• Use PPE in accordance • Conducts workplace
with instruction & training hazard assessments to
received. determine the need for
• Guard against damage to PPE. Maintains records of
PPE. hazards assessments.
• Care for their PPE properly. • Provides training
assistance to supervisors
• Report PPE malfunctions or on the proper use, care, &
problems to supervisor. cleaning of approved PPE.
• Follow safe work practices • Provides guidance to the
while working with supervisor for the selection
hazardous materials & & purchase of approved
wastes. PPE.
• Periodically re-evaluates
the suitability of previously
selected PPE. Reviews,
updates, & evaluates the
overall effectiveness of the
PPE program.