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Ram (Random Access Memory) : 1. SRAM (Static Ram) 2. DRAM (Dynamic Ram) SRAM (Static Ram)

RAM constitutes the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program and program result. It is read/write memory that allows any location to be accessed in the same amount of time. RAM is volatile and needs power to maintain data. The two main types are SRAM, which retains data as long as power is applied but is expensive, and DRAM, which must be continually refreshed but is cheaper and smaller.

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Pratyush Barik
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167 views

Ram (Random Access Memory) : 1. SRAM (Static Ram) 2. DRAM (Dynamic Ram) SRAM (Static Ram)

RAM constitutes the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program and program result. It is read/write memory that allows any location to be accessed in the same amount of time. RAM is volatile and needs power to maintain data. The two main types are SRAM, which retains data as long as power is applied but is expensive, and DRAM, which must be continually refreshed but is cheaper and smaller.

Uploaded by

Pratyush Barik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ram(Random Access Memory)

RAM constitutes the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program and program result. It is
read/write memory. It is called random access memory (RAM). Since access time in RAM is
independent of the address to the word that is, each storage location inside the memory is as easy
to reach as other location & takes the same amount of time. RAM is volatile, i.e. data stored in it is
lost when we switch off the computer or if there is a power failure. Hence a backup uninterruptible
power system(UPS) is often used with computers. RAM is small , both in terms of its physical size
and in the amount of data it can hold. Two types of Ram

1. SRAM(Static Ram)
2. DRAM(Dynamic Ram)
SRAM (Static Ram)
The word static indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as power remains applied.
However, data is lost when the power gets down due to volatile nature. It has long data life time.
There is need to refresh. Faster . Larger in Size. Expensive. High Power Consumptions.

DRAM (Dynamic Ram)


DRAM, unlike SRAM, must be continually refreshed in order for it to maintain the data. This is
done by placing the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the data several hundred times per
second. DRAM is used for most system memory because it is cheap and small. It has short data
lifetime .Need to refresh continuously. Slower as compared to SRAM.Used as RAM lesser in
size. Less expensive . Less power consumption.

ROM(Read Only Memory)


ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The memory from which we can only read but cannot write
on it. This type of memory is non-volatile. The information is stored permanently in such memories
during manufacture. A ROM, stores such instruction as are required to start computer when
electricity is first turned on, this operation is referred to as bootstrap. ROM chip are not only used
in the computer but also in other electronic items like washing machine and microwave oven.
PROM (Programmable Read only Memory)
PROM is read-only memory that can be modified only once by a user. The user buys a blank
PROM and enters the desired contents using a PROM programmer.Inside the PROM chip there
are small fuses which are burnt open during programming. It can be programmed only once and is
not erasable.
EPROM(Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)
The EPROM can be erased by exposing it to ultra-violet light for a duration of upto 40 minutes.
Usually, a EPROM eraser achieves this function. During programming an electrical charge is
trapped in an insulated gate region. The charge is retained for more than ten years because the
charge has no leakage path. For erasing this charge, ultra-violet light is passed through a quartz
crystal window(lid). This exposure to ultra-violet light dissipates the charge. During normal use the
quartz lid is sealed with a sticker.
EEPROM
(Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)
The EEPROM is programmed and erased electrically. It can be erased and reprogrammed about
ten thousand times. Both erasing and programming take about 4 to 10 ms (milli second). In
EEPROM, any location can be selectively erased and programmed. EEPROMs can be erased one
byte at a time, rather than erasing the entire chip. Hence, the process of re-programming is flexible
but slow.

Motherboard :
The motherboard serves as a single platform to connect all of the parts of a computer together. A
motherboard connects CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card and other
ports and expansion cards directly or via cables. It can be considered as the backbone of a
computer.

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