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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
104 viewsUntitled
Uploaded by
Abhishek SrivastavaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 79
ee
owe AB = BA =I, then B is called inverse of 4
order st .
pee ‘Inverse:
pies of Im oy .
Tab invertible then A*'is also invertible.
i BY = Boat
i ay =!
Elementary Operations :
a matrix are called elementary operations.
The eo rowsor two columns, 28,78, ORC, ec,
i. Maltplication ofa row or column by a non zero number K, e.g
B,+KR, orC, KC,
iit Addition of K times the elements of a row (or column) to the
corresponding elements of another row (or column), K#0,e.g.,
R, +R, +KR,R, > R,-3R, C, > C, + 20,
Note:lfwe rite >, + AR, that means , is replaced by R, + K
times
Rank of a Matrix A numbers sai tobe the rank of a matrix A if
it possesses the following properties
i. There is at least one square sub-matrix of A of order r whose
determinant is not equal to zero.
ii Ifthe matrix A contains any square sub-matrix of order r +1
then the determinant of every square sub-matrix of A of order
+1 should be zero,
‘Therefore the rank of a matrix is the order of T
Tele therkofan order of any highest order non
Ea Matrix by Echelon Form Matrix A is said to be in
i Every row of A which,
has all it
meets ts entries 0
occurs below ever
non-zero entry, ae
Sem}
- Mates
{Toei no 89 iy nec non rosea
% thomumber frre terete fataon soy gee
isha thanthe number ofrchaensinthe nee 2 |
ihe of emaiin a Beer ne
not at ae 7 ‘equal tothenumber of ||
ate |
ant gas anytenaeo mae eabe et ge Semana. |
raoos (6). [6
yamber r denotes the unit
‘ea an ofthe mar
icteric |
vO _
Questions-Answers
=
TT
oie
‘GAA Compute the inverse of the matrix |1 2 3| by
° 311)
employing elementary row transformation,
(AKTU 2017-18, Marks 83]
We know that, = A=IA
012) fi00
12 al=\o 1 ola
311) joo1
123) [o10
o 1 2|=|1 0 ola RoR
311) loot
j1 2 3] foro
o 1 2]=\1 0 ola R>R-3
\o 5 -8} |o 1)Ry
3
Ba 4
234
on ‘hs
ing eleestary transformation.
— [ARTU 2018-14, Manis]
TERI sae 9110, Page 1-100, Unie.
fi-1 0
wala 3-4
2 3-3]
32
BERR] xa. [ §] eneatatthe vale of the expresian
(As 51424-, AKTU 2016-17, Marks 33]
ot
alt -3]
sqating the value of A”, A and Fin given equation,
ober $2), ,[t 0), 2/0 -2) fo}
[1 of**lo aJ*|1 -3]=[o 2}~
| prove that the point (x,,
he matrix | =, 3, 1) ioless than 3.
reve rank Of a 1.
0s &y9,) and (xy,) are collinear
DD, .... gon matinis ns tn 3, en he strioc ot
Hae tet
jn vm
It Ys 1) =0 (L13.1)
iY
[Now the area of triangle whose vertices are (x,,,), (ry.y,) and (xy 9,)
- 1M
1
Ye =0 (From eq, (1.13.1))
ee
Since the area ofthis triangle is zero, soit vertices (x.y), (Ry-2R,,
| nm 6-3 a wee
on 8 {
pet)
1 -5 9 RyRy +R,
-; me ean
loo oe
lee
jos -5/1t 3/11
“Roo BR
loo 0 0
ting Echelon form,
Cintra ofA = Number of NOn-2eF0 rows
WA)
GET] Fed the rank ofthe matrix by reducing 10 nop
( 2-1)
form|4 2 6 AKTU 2015-16, Miz
ane ark 0)
$2 -1
=/42 6
Sa RRR +R)
pie
[22 6
Ba a 696,-¢,
bis
Fil 1 3
00 9 RRL
40 On
C70 -20,
Corey sc
Cy +Cy Cy
Cy Cy
Fii6: | Using elementary transformation:
find the rank of the
Rank of matrix = 2.
following matrix:
Ae
Answer |
A=
2
1
1
o
-1 3-1
2-3-1
61d
all‘Number of non-zer0 TOWS
Rank of given matrix = $
went] State Rank-Nullity theorem with example.
‘A. RankNullity Theorem :
The rankenullity theorem states that the rank and the nullity
dimension of the kernel) sum to the number of columns in a 7
suatrix M If there is a matrix M with x rows and y columns over, bea
then felt
rank (M) + nullity = y
‘Therank-nulty theoremis useful in calculating either one by cale
i ul
the eter instead, which is usefal as itis often much easier to find ti,
rank than the nullity (or vice versa)
B, Example : Consider the matrix :
(62)
Here, the rank is 1, si is { 3) ( 2
since the basis | (3 can be reduced to
i}
The kernel of A i
{ 2 ‘ernel of is vectors such that Av = 0, which is a vector
space spanned by { 1] snd has air
Cayley He
PAI
‘system of Linear Equations, Characteristi
ns, Characteristic Equation,
eres tt,
igen Vectors, Diagonalisation ofa Matrie *°"*
CONCEPT OUTLINE: PART-a
ition for Consistency : The system
Content, possestes solution ifthe covincicurmatinn aa
consented matrix (AB) are of same rank. sock)
guegmedure to find the Solution of AX
oeetot Une coeficient matrix be of type m xn
3, Write the augmented matrix (AB and reduce
by applyingslementary row operation. beta
3, From the Echelon form we ean find the rank of
piety Plea re a
Now the following eases arse: :
Nome Ts If rank (Al
aes Se a nad — eee
ta} ~
sour etlt 3
| ene eta ttAO is satisfied by X= A, Caan vs
| vote : es
| oe sole shri e &:
——— oot ol 7 ae
RoR
eee Rakien
; PR M-2)
14
a ai 2
,ooj fia.
ooet,|2 2 °
ene save by calealating the inverse by elemen, stad jpeg spe
operations | fBEY roy mee “
regents chs tt OF FAAS, a
a (ARTO 2014.
= (ARTUROIETS Marea a3
2.
o100) /3 ° °
1 1s i
‘aswer an oo1o0}-fa 4 -
oi
0001oo ——
225 oe aolution
wee : - wat
fe i na umber of solution [ARTO 2015-1; Marks 10)
i.
ml ro
3:0)
ane POO aes
3 3 2 p+ 2y +32 = 10
UsBle|y -g -1: 5 pady seen
tao:4 samt fo,
rao: 41 1x] [6
[ gail 12 3lly|=/10)
ie RoR, ale) Lo
2-3 - AX=B
jo 10 350 11
1 2 0 4 C=lA:Bl=|1 2 eae
o-3 2 Ror. 12 RoR
"lo -r-1: -3 Rona 11 6
9 0 3: 9 =|o1 4|R +R -R,
120 4 oat o1 wo
clo-3 2: -0 BoR-TR 1a 6
“ly 9-7/3: 68/3 RoR sR slo. 4
lo 0 29/8 : -110/3, 3 so coal
12 0: 4 solution
0-3 a: -11 R - Bee
. =00ri.=3 and u-10#00r we
fo ant ea] ROR BR | aac azgenedenn-1Oederuern
}.* BA) = RO)=3
lo 0 Oo: 2,
‘plA) # (A : B), equations are inconsistent.
THEIR] vestigate for what values of 2 and p, the aystem of
ORIEL, 1406427686010 ands + 2y +224 haw i )
ii, Unique solution, e1.21. | ‘State and prove Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
i Inia mumberofscitions, [ART 3018-14, Mania Wy Bez
‘A. Cayley-Hamilton Theorem : Every square matrix satisfies its own
Deternine oR charactriatic equation.
sation tar” "M8 and ¥ for which the followin TAHA] = DPD +, 2° 4020+ sn +0,) be the characteristics
s4yse0 stadt! polynomial of (n x n) matrix A = ¢,, then the matrix equation,
40K 0X4... +0. = is satiated by X=A
F+ys8e010
Hysar0b ie, Ata, AM +aA™ +... ta=0
ie,h-8400rA#3 and may have any value.1
eens Het ~~
ests” ements HT a8 BE Oto SO
Mathene — the f
goa ne me are at most of degree ce St
oe gh et Tika clit Matrices
waa a fl 2 api 23) [as 25 or
ian sence mean waad=|2 4 ale 4 5| -\25 45 56
‘oe Ia os 6a 86) [mem
xa 248) C7 B+ aks 14 25 ™) [154 275. a4
ai BP sot powes om both sides, ta), Ate 11/25 45 wl 275 495 616
‘comparing oo na 31 56 70] [341 616 770.
By Be 14 25 31}f1 2 3]
18,3, eee ele
f i a1 56 70l|3 5 6]
Bra ser at asa
caput ving these equations bY A" = |283 510
pplAteaA™ +a Ant a] ™
c promen. (12.1), we have
157 283 353) [154 275. 341]
fe 2_aaet=|283 510 636|-|275 495 616
7 eat
verity Cayley Hamilton theorem for Aw | * 2) an 353 636 793] |341 616 770
Quei22. 44]
4 AKTU 2014-15, Mi, li ie able 2 ol. 000
find A’. 1 Ma
ma Ccayley-Hamilton theoremis verified.
atc equation, [A-2] =0 Bend A uliplying ea (1.22. bth sides by A 1, we get
iG (eetA-d+A*=0
2 4-4 5 [20 “Le (a? 114-40,
1 t ‘14 25 31] [11 22 33} [4 0 e
25 45 56|+|22 44 55|+\0 4 0
(1-1) (44-1) 6-2)-251-21216-)-15] +3 110-3 (4-23) =9 31 56 70| [33 55 7 004
(1-2) 24~102-422-25] -2 [12-24-15] +3 [-2+ 3d) =0 1-3 2
(1-4) 02-1021) +2(8 +24) + 3(8A-2) = 0 os ie . 1
anersvaissivecan 816-0 eed
B+ 44-10 | 7
catty | ry
: , ‘
or verification of Cayley Hamilton theorem we need to verify, | Que 123, | Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for A = \° : |
BAUA-4A 6120
(1.22.1) -
‘liz 20 24] |Fgycasertaniton rem for hey,
wel pat ty
melt a at
AA Gat OA*— 4A + AA? 249 — 1242 250 —
2A op - 6At + 9A 4D + 24°— 124" 204 ar
TAQ) + 2A GAP + BAAD 4 BAT
243(0) +2(0) + 5A-T
2-11] [100
ofa 2 al i ‘|
a 2 2) \o 0 1
(2-1) (QAP + 142-2) +141 (1-2-2) =0 10-8 5] [1 00) [9 +5 5
(2-19(8-1)(1-2)-201-1)=0 5 10 “| 1 ‘ls 9
(1-1)(6-5.+38-2] =0 | o1
(1-1)08-8144)=0
5
124
2-6249-420 Gusis.| Show that row vectors of the matrix |-1 3 9 |are
‘To verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem le 2
AHH 9A-A = 0 weneed to prove, lo 2 1]
| tinearly independent.
w(2 2)[2 217 [6 ss ao
ages ace 4 | 12-2
Tilt at 2} ls 6 6 1300
ag 2 SR a 021
feel 1 2 2]
ns 4
1 oo. \ay=[-2 a 0| 210-240-220
sae 0-21
=|-0 |
a Hence given matrix is non-singular.
= 122
Now, A=|-1 3 a
o 21]12 2
alo 5 2/2 >e +R,
lo 21
2 2
alos 2/2 >R+ 2p,
lo 0 15 is
23
‘Order of matrix.
‘are linearly independent,
[Number of non-zero ro¥s
"Rank (A) = 3
Hence the given raw vectors
‘Gae 19] Find the eigen values of the matrix
a
(8a) [7-1)(8-2)~ 16] -6 - 63-2) +8] + 2 (24-272) = 9
(Bi) [2171-3 +12~ 16] + 618-62 —8] + 2124-14 + 24] =9
(8~ 2) 101 +5] + 108-962 — 48 + 48-28 + 42
8)?—B0) +40-~12+ 102" —61.- 32. +80=0
~i84 1812117 + 120 0
33-1824 1171 -120=0
d= L248
(other eigen values are in complex form)
310 5
‘Que 127. Show that the matrix =|-2 -3 -4|, has less than
8 5 7
equation of giy -_
Mare mattis,
By solvin
:
gota aR Tat sRant ts eBags m9
3a 162 + 12= 0
Sas 1. 12= 0
ig above equation, we get
igen vector for i= 2
346-4
Soy te=8
ee
foreret) -
ginger Mehipetonin oy 272 andea 212) weg
Ox + Sy +42 = 0
Using cross multiplication in eq, (1.27.4) and eq. (1.27.5), we get
x y
=40+30 - 10-0 0+20Matrices
Eigen vector =
~oriatic equation of matrix Pis [Pi =0
-4 on?
roots 80 their ei a
“Asthere are two ropeating their eigen vecton
As thee pblembasessthan thee linearly inde eg, ae A
Sine te eigen vectors andy aro not nearly jgMcgamy, gn) MEW, * ag -BCI ARN
similarity transformation is not possible, eben (a -n02-2.~3)
5 G-DO+DO-De0
diagonal matrix isthe identity matrix with eigen values
know that
2 il Wertgonal, $0
mri, fraiagonal, f ao
101) rixP=|0 -1 |
tote sige vector) STEER mada ew
Be [GATT Find a mati P which dagonatzes the matrix
a(t 3 vent Ps aP=D
42) i
a-[ Bien vstor mae oy 2
ae : Ge i] qpore Dia the diagonal matrix,
Weknow that, AX=3X s
‘Where, ts the eigen value matrix. tt )
4 2pior] fa, 0 Jfsox Alea]
2 4fuor)*[o 4, |[s01 sme characteristic equation ofthe matrix Ais
sme ee
rorx2+101x4) * [1012, (4-2-0220
33-7h.+10= 0
101A,= 1016 = A, o-2)0-5)=0
11i,=101x6 > A,=6 Rad
Bigen vector for 4=2
TB] namteaurnr-[t 2 2 GE) G)
to diagonal form,
= 2 6
|AKTU 2016-17, Marks 04 cae
Answer |
, 1)
Eigen vectoris | _9|
Eigen vector for 2. = 5
(EGPe Fs 1]
mld
easy
ALE
a ii ] =D (Diagonal matrix)
00
ren (220 to 270)
Introduction to Limits, Continuity and Differentabitiy
Rolle’s Theorem
rrange’s Mean Value Theorem
Cehy’s Mean Value Theorem
A. Concept Outlin«
. 2-20
‘B. Long and Medium Answer Type Questions
2-3C
wm (2A7C to 2-140)
nn (n** Order Derivatives)
‘Theorem and its Application
2-70
2-8C
Part-3..
wmmunnnne (2A15C to 2-270)paccem)
smits, Continuity and Differentiaby,
vs Mean Value Theorem and Cay, Ray,
Value Theorem ‘chy Met
Introduction t0 Lit
Theorem,
ee
———GoNGEPT OUTLINE : PART.) —~_
————
Tmt : The fanetion flr, y) tends to the limit taza >~
Limit Maly ttelimit/isindependent ofthe path falas a)
Join (,y)asx >a andy +6. Then byt
lim, y) =!
1, ») in region R tends to the limit )
i aad only if corresponding to a postive nqigtt
ther positive number 6such that"
‘The function fl
x-vaandy 0 i
(a,b) there exists anot
[fz,y) I] a,» +6
Rolle's Theorem :If tx) is
i Continuous in fa,
fi, Derivablein(a, 6) and |
ii, Aa)=f. |
‘Then there exists atleast one value c ¢ (a, 5) such that /”(
Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem : Let / be a
i, Continuous in 6] and
i Derivablein (a, 8),
‘Then there exists at least one value ¢ ¢ (a, b) such that
£0)- fla)
Bere, |
Cauchy's Mean Value Th
‘which are th dria Let tx) and gix) be two functions |
{a,b1. Then there ia 6) and g') # 0 for any value of x in |
that atleast one value. in between @ and’ such | |
Tower |
Bey tim lim
lays
Let (a,b) € R* then fla,
iftz.9)- fa, B)|= [ee -9) (2 P
= [xa 40-9) ;
Yea) sofa al 23
beta 0 Choe 6 £ then for [--al 0
‘sz
-=fle)2fle+ for values of both,
wx HENLE oth 0
Siete oboe, (2 :
is dilerentable in, b)fromeq. (2.4,
such Nando. 24.)
rasan stati
= Orme vale ino, Siary itm
Sebati ainegatet ao a 3
[40-1 hy 9
2 (ea
fds
at EBL Ofek co
Ah 0d >and id)
wart.x. Tis type of differentiation is called successive differentiation
1 differential coefficient can be denoted by various ways as
ay
£2, Dy, yy fete
Some Standard Results for n'* Derivative are :
a beta + bye = min Hn ~2h..m-=n + Laas +)
2 Diiax ¢by!=(~1P nba lax +61"
a
4
(ay n= bla
5. Dr log tax +) = ;alnt
1 prsin(ae+b)=0'sn (n3 rar+0)
8. D* cos (ax +) =a" cos (ng+ax+0)
a, Drew sin (bx +0) = re sin (bx ++ n§)
where r= \ahaBP
= tan (6/2)
10, Diet cos bx +e) =e e08 (br +6 + n6)
Leibnite Theorem :Ifu and are any two Functions oy
their desired diferetialcoefcients exist, then the noth
coefficient of ther products given by iter
Deut) ="C,D" w0 +°C, Dw Dos, pes
tent CDM UDV + ot Dry Oe
Deerination ofthe Value ofthe Derivative of Pang
Simplify the expression by taking LCM if possible
i. Square both sides to avoid square root.
‘i Convert, in terms ofy (if possible).
Step II: Find
Step IV: Differentiate n times by Leibnite theorem.
Step V: Puts =0in Steps (D, (ID), (ID and (IV).
Questions Answers
Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions
=e
ii reccomannancaues
L costs
Stop VI:Putn = 1,2, 3, 4in last equation of step V.
‘Step VII: Discuss the cases for n ie., even or odd.
1
asantif aL aston
tents)
iene
oe
26
1g 20+ bende
Horas tont
promtart)=eren(arsbe38)
spa telat oat)
y = cos br sin ax
i
= Le@sinaxcos b2)
y= 30
= Hina +e sin B31
prain(ox+b)= 0" in(ar++%2)
2
Jin x c08 Se
7 sin (a+ b)x+
naglerer { »
y
1
= 2 (in4z-sin2s)
ar)
He a tee) al
2}.
PBA rina tne aeretive of ta? {
awe]
1
uf
ne
att
aw at ae)
+s ee
a7 oa (200 2) 2 (4+
Jeet seve
2-90 (Sem-l)
2x + e082)
=)
(“4
3)
3]beihacaclintinanteieslersds ae
init
aa+x) 2
Saar? le?
‘We know that,
CI ny
Spt intn,
Ma,
(8 etant(2
oot (#}=tant(#
Where te (3) (9 ‘
Nove differentiating y,(~ 1) times
Where
a
= “(x logs), show that I, =n,
‘Que 2.12. |1f/, (x" log: eM + (nay
‘Answer
ent yet
n Sole log al + (nD! = nl,
Teal, ,+(a-D!
Que 2.18. Ifu = sin nx + cos ns, then prove that
' 4, = ntl + C1) sin dae) 4,
where, is the differential coefficient of u wart.
+n)
[AKTU 207
, Marks 33)
‘Answer
' us sinns + cos nx
‘Ther differential coefcient of vs given ag
211C Gem-1)
19) sealer?
rin (n+) one?)
on sqaring and taking the snare root, we get
= ntl + sin (nx + rm?
= n{L + sin ns 608 r+ €08 ne sin ra?
SCOTT] aty en them show that (2 54°88 619
ee y, = and hence calculate y,, when x = 0.
ARTU 2013-14, Marks 10
oR
=, then show (127, .~ (On + Dsy,.~ (n+ my,»
cost logy)" then
conte ml
er once ealelate 7, when r= 0- AKTU 2015-16. Marks 10]
:
ye eneorts 21D
yyeenorts (142)
n”neom
saringonboth et
See eye? ous)
iterating 2142), wept
=) yyy Bey P= mE,
See wou
or (=x) y,-0— mY =|
Differentiating eq, (2.14.4) n times by Leibnitz theorem, we get
nin :
C=, M—W pat oy OBI Me
Fromeq. (214.1) (0) =|
Fromeq.(2.14.2)9)(0)From eq. (2.14.4), 99(0) = m?.
Put =1,2,8,4, 1(0) = my
ineg. (2144
yx) = (2 +m) y,(0)= (17+ m2) {me
[om me)
940) = (22 + m*)y,(0) = if “smu,
! 240) = G+ ms loa), ")
¥4(0) = (9? “ar,
(0) = (82 + m2) 00) yp iM
+m’
¥a.
‘Thus curve does not exist for a 3a, yisimaginary
a le ya
‘oe
lies
ce curve
22 «1.20 (nearly)
xed, yr Beh
= Owill be tangent.
eo hy eq (2300.2
ten ine ofa
i ea he oposite eo
issn
gall above
‘Takingall above P2311
Tarve is showDifferential Caleutug,
ine: Part
Outli
4. Conc eum Answer Type Questions.
B.Longand Medi
Parti ennnnennnncnns (SBE 0316
ules Theorem for Homogeneous Functions
‘A. Conept Outline Port 2 |
B. Long and Medium Answer’
‘Type Questions.
rod » G-14C to 3149)
A.Concept Outline: Part 3 a
3B Long ond Medium Answer Type Ques ot
Part.
‘Masina and Minima of Function of Se
im—“geinde
‘4. Concept Outline: Prt
4.
2 oreand Maun brow Type Question,
3-200)
3-200
“vim (SEC to 9-420)
9-810)
a 3-990)
Bag [|
Oe
ee Different
PART-1
Partial Derivatives.
CONCEPT QUTLINE : PART-1
=
Partial Dif
{ferentiation : Ifa derivative of function of several
Patbondent variables tobe found with respect to any one of them,
indepth olhers as constants itis ni tobe partial derivative, The
‘oP ito offindng the partial derivatives function of more than
cperaependent variableis called partial differentiation.
2,2 ete, the symbol used for partial derivatives
ay
‘alsobe denoted
#u du
1 8 oy
ae
su, u, Second order partial derivatvesare denoted
a
| ote fu = /¢t,y) and its partial derivatives are continuous, then |
J
ae
ey
Questions. Answers
‘Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions
(1)
say
wwe have
Differentiating w.r. tx,
nye"! 4y logy
‘Agua differentiating w.rt y, we got
= sartayrtlngx ear tlogy oy
1 (1 +y logs) +9" + x logy)
Now, differentiating eq. (3.1.1) wart-y, we get
fe ea logs tayBt syringe +? 2 ty ye
& ® lor
No
set eT
pc sem) Differential Caleulus-I1
saciem) oe
a
© tn (3 cos? 0-1
Ine (3 cos? 81)
oe = n(n+1) r* (3.008? 6-1) (3.3.2)
‘Thos, x Now, (Beosto—t=r* (Sia+ cos 8)-1)
ae 008 0,9 =e" si
eae ite ay) wheres =e" 0088,9 =e sin rong binning met
. ead 3-2sin20) «27 sin 26
oo (af -oef-] (este
ary ™
de 6r* sin? @ cos 8 (+ sin 26 = 2 sin 8 cos 6)
scorer (sin 0S!) «6 sin net sinto(-sin0)
tf, ¢y 5
au oe Guy (sin 0 4) = - 64 (2sin cost 0—sin?)
Ff LHe cosr)+ Fe sin
au ae sin) (22y sino) «6 2ens?0- sink)
F LF or sinnye Lee
sata, T= Pee sin Lier ame) “12 eing dt) «6 Bente (333)
‘Squaring and adding eq, (3.2.1) and eq. (3.2.2), we get sin 0.00 =
+
J
x =a
au
a
(
(
}
ay +e
Z
3
3D
au
at)
a
‘Que83. | For what value ofr, w = + (3 cost 8 ~ 1) satisties the
a
1
won S82,
=0?
(sia
(330)
a
Gent
ay Bees? 1] = nt (9 e052 6 1)
B.east a4)
[Now put all these values in eq (8.9.1, we get
n+ D7 (8 cos? O~ 1)—6r*(3 cos? 8-1) =0
77(B cos? 8-1) in? +n —
Since, (ons? 0-D# 0
Queda, | lew = fir) where r* =. +y*, show that
oe = riot rin ARTO 2016-16 Marks 05
| Rextey 4.)
Differentiating partially w.r-t.x, we get
z
ero
Differentiating again w.r.t. x, we get1
3
20 e5(-3 Diferential Callus It
@ a
2 tuo) =o 5 + ww & nos (xiv gta andx=ucos,y=usin oz!
be aor Geet ftw eee yeu sino mo then
ac sem)
[ARTU 2016-17, Marke 3.5)
2
ie asad spottro-5 1S
e tstro§ “prone
cn
slay, 57 ring, eae) pee in 4
te! one a 4 Bayer Pryor Payee
By 1 ae = eeu sine su
Bresnahan ee
eos vu'sint vru'ot we!) _ whee)
“Wek ie
zu
wi ge
Baar iase yen show that 9.2 as
os
uv sin v + yuvcosv+ zu
Gia: oF samy ee
‘Taking logon both sides, we get i: an te
lg xy) . wie
(e!-yog(e-3) |
Now, tay) tog |
2 teva
yey) + log ey) De} aay
ed
le 2S ete -y) 2)
a
506) + Bry log tx —y) lB
seen
2 Ao ey) 543) 2 og)
sHte43)
MH + yet ytot tan"(
Dita - “(Dree()
(ARTO 2017-48 Marea
een
1718, Mary
2): 7+ 0 prove,
Differential Caleulus-I1
Geass, | teva 7 28-97.99- 42, 42-20) prove that
/24V,43V, [ARTO BONE, Marks 05]
*,
aay
‘Similarly,
onl ‘aga
,% a
a = Loa
p= on Booey
yi :
oye a (aan
z= a oral
On adding eq, (3.9.1), ¢9. (3.9.2) and eq, (3.9.3), we get
6V, +4V, +3¥,=0anon! Mey
PART-2
sve Boers Theorem for Homogeneoyy p,
Total: ~
cos Fein: A THEN hich yg
geneous
ieee degree is Pregl
) ie vi(3) is a homogeneous function,
Maleds homogeneous function, Ane?
my
| wine 27(2 Q,
bi
ales Theorem: Ifu i « homogeneous Function of x tay
then 328s yMe.
degre then 35. * 79
Prop 1: Ifusahomagneos function of degree nin andy, yg
22 oy 2H pH etn De
Poa
Prop. 2:1fFu)=V 3,2), where
suzof deren then
fa, ye
Fa ly
‘Total Derivatives:
homogeneous functioning
Fu)
)
u=/a,y), wherex=/,(0,y =f, (0, then
du
aude au dy
iu ats called the total ferential coefficient of u w.r.t.
Prop.1:Ifuise function of and y and y is a function of x, then
duu tudy
a
a ay
Prom teltusfla rafts ty = filly) then
a
aed ya |
100 (Sem-1) Differential Caleulus-I1
Questions-Answers
Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions
quate] Find Fa ‘as a total derivative and verify the result by
direct substitution if u = 2" + y*+ 24 and x = e% y = e¥ cos 3t,
peetsin st. [ARTO 3074-15 Marks 08
‘anne |
axon)
JB ele ae
4 = 22M sin B+ Se% cos 3t
i
‘ating al values in eg (3.10.1, we get
Hale + Rye cs 1S sin 3 + Re sin +e 8 3)
= dae + dye cos 3t - Gye sin 3¢ + dze™ sin 3¢ + Gze™ cos Bt
= de™[x + y cos 3¢ +2 sin 3¢] - Ge*ly sin 3t—2 cos 34]
= de%s + dele cos? 3t + e™ sin? 3] - 6e%[e* cos 3t sin 3t ~e* cos 3¢ sin 3¢)
(sy = eos 8¢and2 =e sin 3]
= et + dele] = dt et 4 de +2
au ae
te ate
Now from direct substitution
= (2? +(e cos Se? + (e% sin Se?
u = eM +e [cos? 3¢ + sin? 3]
et
Now differentiating, w.rt.'?
du _ gw
Gh =e
So, the result is verified.. ae
i ng
avons — Ney = at
oe Euler's theorem for, gsc sem? Differential Caleulus-II
=m qa and Prove me a
Buler’s theorem, we get
we
+ y 2 tain) = m (sin)
‘aoe _afuisahomogeneous function of Ginny
Boles TOE : Ady : a
sroosu + yoosu St = 5 sinu
0 yh em mugen
a (2) shay aj me
y
ext) a
ee : ie
a Geet | Verity Buter's theorem fors= Sy
‘ARTO 2015-14, 2015-16; Marks 05
Tower |
ag
ay
puget ane 12) et
pepe
photon ae
so. atmogencous neon of degen 6. Thus wing Euler’
thoren
QeeHAE] Prove that ru, +.9u,= 5 tan wif
Set 1
ins( Bs) ag TDG Ge
ese ee '
(real (aeomreieme | & iF
“Anuwer Vag gu yy 2 a(t yy)
ae eet beet)
' | a
xty) 1
cee vg yt) Lyte 9"
itt magn Weep Similarly, 3” * quantal
fun funtion, so frst we convert it into a homoge Now, wy
£ 2 v2, yl 7
tay Gye a yale Bettas H ey
Gir ey)a
XM
&,,%__1, e
Tus, Ey 6
ear
Geese | teu = sin as m, 7) Mmm
an 2, 24)
(Bras SF
xP 4 ye
Itisnot a homogeneous functi
function,
'On50 we convert it into
Now, ita homogeneous fanetion of degree 1
By Euler's formula, +t tS ry@ . fw)
aye "Flu
tei Where, n = Degree
‘Att. by Euler's forma, Boar ine
vous oy
tee te
Few) —3y
* Beag natant
ust 19]
. Taylan aay
ae (Sepeay
Ter R yee Ne) move hae
ae "tan y,
3-14€ (Sem-1)
faa
Differential Calculus-II
(22222)
on ae + by +ez,
Payee
ax+bysez
So, v is a homogeneous function of degree 2.
Using Euler's theorem,
mw, ov,
sents
sinu= = (say)
a
2 sin ude y Qteinwde2 2 Goin u)=2 sin
sQeinw+yZoinu)s 2 2tsinw)=2 si
ou ou
seosu tt + yeosu et + ecosu St 2 sine
& oy
tu
2h
ay
oH = otanu
&
PART-3
Taylor and Maclaurin’s Theorems for a Function
of One and Two Variables,
SONCEPT OUTLINE: PART-3
Expansion of Function of One Variable :
Taylor’s Seri
orders in the interval a,
of m,
* fF @) possesses continuous deri
'@ + hl, then for every positive int
teger value
fas Warasnpiars™ pray,
Note:
i Puta+h=borh=b~a,ineq, (1)
tives of all |
|
onaF |
F(0)= fla) +(b~a) f(a) + Fia)+
i Puthax— ince wee
FR) = fla)+(x—afiayy Sa(aa eee
fu) =fO)+3f'O+ FPO
‘Tisis the Maclaurin series,
Macaurin Series: Suppose () possesso,
eordesnth interval, 51. Then oe gp,
value of, Pasi
# ‘ny
fed=fOesf O45 Fro) ‘4,
‘The series (2) is known as Maclaurin infinjt “
ff) in powers of. ime series ony,“
| Expansion of «Function of TWo Variables jn,
| fora faneton of two variables, Tens
| \
| é ‘
fixthy+h=ftx,y) + 2
| 3) lL
orally 1:Putx=0,y =
| FOrhbeD= FOVsth had+k faa,
Lay
3h TolOB)* 28k f(0.0)+4%7 cay +
Sma Inverse shae,b44-,
| (62)-Fadle-0¥60)60-o ,b)6
16C (Sem-D) Differential Caleulus-I1
cS
‘GueG.6.] Find the Taylor's series expansion of f(s, 9) =.= + ay!
about point (2,1).
Taower |
fley)ex aay",
f(t) = Bi +92,
f(y) = 6
Fey) = 297,
fey) = 2%,
f.te,9) =
Using Taylor's theorem,
fla, 9) =F, 10+ Wee-2Y, (2, D+ DF 2, V)
£20210
+ Hun 2Pf, 0428-29-01, 2.0 60 -19F, tI.
1
0h 2) 449-194 F862 6 eB. -1) yt
Quesa7. | Expand log x in powers of (x - 1) by Taylor's theorem
and hence find log (1.1).
‘Answer
Fe) =logx= log (1 +21)
fay=0
fast
ra
1
re=2
c
fx) =f) +e DPD +
Putting values in above eq
f(a) =bgx=042-D1+
1 1 L
loge = (D2 (a+ 2-2 ev
logar= (211-3 6-1 +5 6-0 =F
Putr=11,wegetPa sxpand FG
a ei
0, Det tanty.
San (1, D= wel
cane,
e1aey
Fee ns id4y
ae fy D= 02
fen ie
Using Taylor's
a a D4 (@- DLA, D+o~
DAA, 1)
2 te DPD 428 -DO~ vp,
Sf,
+O-PIZ Gy,
= 2 e4 -y
Eon FOND ple wt E+ me-Do-ve
+-DF ~{)
Dts
= ee-pZ+y-vE
f,y)= 7 x opty D3
Afe-w 2 e
be" +ee-D-D-$0-1],,
Quek | Obtain Taylors expansion of tan! (2) -about , Dap
to and including the second degree terms. .
Differential Calculus It
).
ale 7(3) -0+0- ood]
ed
5) ase Beo-P FH
ode a Ga- a
x
= 8 Ag-p+do-
pe) ae »
ue 320. pxpand e"log (169) 0 powers and yur rms oh
third degree ART 2016-16, Marks 10
Tamer |
fiz y)= eg 149)
aclogtiey, — ff0.0nstlontne
Jog(1+9), f(s)
er1og(1 #9). fas) *
+S fr, (0.0 ea
z
a 700,021
"iy
fo* Gey
fox Tey
aee
fy Tey?
‘According to Maclaurin's series,
=f, 0) +f, 0 +9f, 0, O+ 2 igs — Differential Cleutus-IL
fy 2 AO, 0) +H1 01436). 0¥ 95 If, (0, 0 | —
utall these values in Maclaurin’s series, a. ne 44 PART-4
r
flog (+9)
‘Maxima and Minima of Function of Several Variables,
14
sayy des, ,
ay B98 Lay Lagrange’s Method of Multipliers.
r
QueRA] Express the function ts ») = 22 5,5 3
‘Taylor series expansion about the point (1,9)
“GONCEPT OUTLINE: PART-4
\d Minima of Functions of Single Independent
a idtobe |
seat (2) ssid tobe maximum st x=, thee exiss apie
newer Aber 5 euch that, a
“ 1) fr al values of hy ober than zero inte interval |
Cae
Working Rule for Maxima and Minima of f(s):
i. Find f’(x) and equate it to zero,
4 Sotve the raulting equation fors. Latta eotsbeo ethan
Payisatationary tts =, dye Thusx ayant are the |
|
‘only points at which f(x) can be maximum oF minimum.
ai, Find” () and substitute in it by turnsx=0,.a,,
iv, Iff"a,)is negative we have a maximum at:
positive, we have a minimum at x =a,
1 HEF
is |
Ief"(a,)=0, find f'"(x) and put x=a, init. 1f/""(a,) #0, there is
neither a maximum nora minimum atx=a,.Iff""a,)=0,fnd |
fi fe) and put x =a, init. 17" isnegatve, vehavea maximum |
oN Pereass [aL aad] atx =a, ifitis positive, there is minimum at:
ad
lef" (ais
zero, we must find f””"(x), and so on,
Repeat the above process foreach rot ofthe equation f(x) =0
Al 2 Maxima and
“a le arren Se oul |
ls
ma of Functions of Two Independent |
2 i Variables:
Fey ty ay I Let f(x, ) be any function of two independent variables x and y
supposed to be continuous for all values of these variables in the
neighbourhood oftheir values a and b respectively. Then (a,b) is said
tobe a maximum or a minimum values of f(x,y) according to/\a +h
D+ ~2) xg]
N24 Oy.
= Dy
ere M2) x0+ (9-2) 6]
b+ isless or greater than f(a, b) fr al sufficiently small independent
values of h and k, positive or negative, provided both of them are not
equal to zero.ticg-1
ea
‘Minima of, te
for Maxima and Tea ~ a
‘Working Rule ; =
ie dy. Find ang Pe
ina given fetion af ad Y- n
| ions 120 and £
amtancous equations £.
ay either eliminate one ofthe Variables, :
i nthe ater cseeath factor ofthe frg gf
eer nui With each factor of the certo
ving these equations We get the pairs of ,
Ser ay) then hese pars foots wi telat
y
values off)
‘Todiseuss the maximum or minimum atx =a,, y =,
‘Thenealeuatert—s#
i Wrt=s*> Oand ris negative, /(x, y)is maximum at
y=b, 0)
A Hrt-s's Oandrispositive,/(,y)is minimum at =a, x5
ii 11-80 s9)isneither maximam nor minimum at "}
ye ty
8: }
iv. If rt-s*=0, the case is doubtful and further investigatic |
| bereqiredta dee it none
|, Uatrange's Method of Undetermined Multipliers :
‘etfs, y,2) bea function oft it
reconnected iy the elton ables ¥ and and the variable
- £6,y,2) = 0,
ig Sssconition for, y,2) tobe maximum or miniou
equations we
+ Showa
a)
m
————____ Differentia! Cateutus.11
= roti Calculus tt
[Baliye a lee wren
a
solving the above three equations, the values of,
: and
seve which f 9,2) is maximum oF minimum, —
‘Gaodas. | Find the extreme values of :f(s,y) a2 +y*-Sary,
Tawer |
Here 9)
Now, fe
x-ay=0 (922.1)
(8.222)
Fromeq. (3.22.1),
Fromeg. (3.22.2),
‘
H gee0 or xet-a%20 or 20,0
@
When x= 0,y =0; whens =2,y =a
‘There are two stationary points (0, 0) and (a,a)
Now, rts? = 36x) ~ 90?
At): rt=s*==9a 0
fx, y) has extreme value at (,a)
Now, r= 6a
Ifa>0,r>0.0 that fx, y) has a minimum value at (a, a)
Minimum value = a? + a° ~ 80° =—a?
IfaO andr w i
% 100 = 934 100 = 155%
TS
ingibeperoentage crror MONS the yy
je Ch
sehen the error of 1% is made in me, wey,
bth sides,
‘Taking 8 Lore Jog 1 + log + og h
‘Now, diferentiating the above,
we.
yoiob
100+ «100+
= Zeros 100+5° 100
is
h
Borin vaune, 100 = 14141=9%
[eA] A balioon in the form of right circular cylinder ofradiy
1.5 m and length 4 m is surmounted by hemispherical ends. If thy
radius is increased by 0.01 m, find the percentage change in th,
volume ofthe balloon. [ARTO BOT7-T8, Markey
5m, Length (h) = 4 m, 6r = 0.01 m, 6h = 0
Volume, Var + 2 wy 2 m=nth+ 4 ad
On differentiating, e 3
= Qh + 8h + 4rér) _ ghbr + r8h + 4rd
| 4
=) msi?‘A. Concept Outline Part «
A Tong and Medium Answer Type ‘Questions
Paarrted anne
mn ee ;
of Gravity (Constant and Variable
mes
‘Center of Mass and Center
a EE EOrrA
‘A.Concept Outline: Part-2 7a
Blongand Medium Answer Type Questions: an
4:10 (Sem-1)
0 ee
a et
[PART 7] —
il, Triple Integral,
pouble nteara | Change o
Change of Variablee, 2" °f near
GONCEPT OUTLINE: PA
R
ole Integrals Over Rectangles
)bedetined om ene ei gen
arsine pe tate yt mings. |
Se fy dA= lim fay) oa, |
ties of Double Integrals:
he Kf (zy dA =K [ff (9) dA (any number k) |
Se (fantacy =[J, Fndaeff ets yaa |
ff, 4820 if Fz 0008 |
Se fs 9)AA2 |,8 9 4A if FO 22869) on
vf hr =ff,fendas ff, Flayda
Jehotds when R is the union of two non-overlapying rectangles
A
iv.
R,andR,
Bifograis in Polar Coordinates :
‘The integral is given as
ff rooaa= J 7 F(r,0)dr do
‘triple Integral : Ifthe function (xy, 2) is cotinaous at every
point of a region R then triple integral is defined as : °
[ffj, f G3.20d0 oF 7 ~ “eP f lx,y,2)dz dy dz
sto ri eter
Where the constant limits taken as outer integral and then the ini
‘Fone variable and inner most limit is of two variable,
Change of Order of Integration : With respect (0 = and y we
‘ovaluate a double integral by two ways:
eralaaetcat we integrate with respect tox then with respec 13
4 Fret we integrate with respect toy then with resis"
athe first case we take horizontal strips or strips parallel tox axis
aan rec aecond case we take vertical strips or Stris parallel t9
poMatheratin-1 tae -
— he order of integration, first By, o
[geet ane EGS gE rs
Change of Variables + np an
te double integal be ff, fC 9d dy and the vay
| me me &
| echangedtousvbytherelation = (W027 =y (yy) td zee
| bavetruisaesion & & Peg, [ee Bl eleete scent 0
aay lu a | & % |= |b remy of |
| Bun) "|e me ie oy |
au oo &
Le = 1 (cos $+ sin’) =r
isthe Jacobian of transformation from (x, ) to (u,v),
Teen et |, [ff Remmacardes If. Pecmrsing rari
8) Ss
Choosing x= cos 6, y =r sin @ such that x? + y? = p2
ja a : Questions-Answer
ar 8 8 -rsin' oe -
Wy ae al 7 (cos 0+ sin?@) =r Tong Answer Type and Medium Answer Type
le EE
ff, feandedy [ff (7008 0,rsin 0) rar ae aT Pre tnt foo er dyer verdedy
. 2 is is A hh
‘coordinates (r, 2) to spherical polar ied
i ‘Taking LHS:
[ifer+erdyare f[fier+erdy]ae
+ [Bre lacflare ts
= (Levee) deal een]
Such that 2+ y?+2t= rt
r
wie 212 FIR
ale ae le
21P 2I@ BIR
1a Be
= THe ed Ltt-eieB yea
Taking RHS :
[ferserdeay= [fay serde]ay=[ [vx] ae
E
i
i
&
sin O6ing cos Gi
ease
ring 5
I, ded
8drdo.dg
2) to cylindrical
& y,Retyor pad ayedandz ad
‘So, pint of intersection of two curves is (4,4).
mit of int ofxis
‘Taking horizontal strips, the li it of integration of fi to. 20 and
thelimitofyisOto 4.
‘Therefore the integra is
fjpacoe fy [ana
betf a= jo(oo-2}o-f (2-2) *
= (24s
326
2 UA anton
fig ices
= £2
pee
BERT ra feces.
\
2
dor-{z]-
210
Geet | Bratuate [ff,e+ 9+ 2) ds dy de where
‘ARTO 2015516 Marks 0
ARTU 2017-16 Marks 35)
Ri0sxs11SyS% 25253.
jesyenee-fafa[ee]
dy (x+y +3) ry B= ‘elecn-ne
Af g—[ @e+2945"P 1} Se
Fa 7 [ileneee (ex+2
8ice “104 y
ee
one ne
io er”
|
i
se [0-2 y-ay
os
:
aeteatled-
1(z. at
6) 48
iF
ade ff fz
tee >a Taare
a te tat at
{(loo* (ARTU 201415, Marks 10)
“ [ARTU 2015-16, Marks 05]
OR:
ange the order of integration in T= Jf -7dyacand hence
a oF
evaluate the S8mMe- [AKTU 2018-14, Marks 05|
[ARTU 2016-17, Marks 03
oR
change the order of integration in = [IE te nayas.
(ARTO 2017-18, Marks 335]
es
‘per given integral we have vertical strips but after changing the
A Pr of integration we consider horizontal strips.
Initially limits are
x=0 tol
yexto2-x
After changing the order, we get
yz0tol
Leley
ies -1 —
oi inet ea
io 1d R,, In regior _
Mathers gions Ra mR, theta
Af while in, te limite oar Pay
chore art
ey j]eeor] J vdray
"elope
oily ray tfve- dy
ae
GATE ratne by shangng he order of integration
[fet aear.
wr |
y
en i.»
ex x
ws mtg zee
Fig. 483.
Initially imits are x=2 to and y =0 to 1
After hanging the order limits become
y= Ot Z and =0t02
Tere the iategal is fede dy = [fea
fe tte trea deT
a
1
pede
Lf 7 a dy
Fig. 49.
GeeAA] Changing the order of integration in the dole integral
1 [fff flea) dyes loads to the value= Fires antsy what in
ROT Ma 5)
the value of q?
‘Answer
J fx vrayde
Given:LY
Hence integration becomes, I= [| f(x, y) dxdy (4.03)
‘The above equation is equivalent to this equation,
Ips aay thon
‘Oncomparing eq, (4.10.1) and eq (4.10.2), we get g = 4y
|
("4") dx dy by changing into polar
‘ordinates,
Potting 7208697 ind, we get
& a
Js[® 2)
2% a Z
oe
expression is real,
e ts, 9)
\r
\, y=0 x
neat
Jd9 dr = rdrd8
nyte Peas! 0+ 7 sin Bart
phim of we find the Upper Limit
Bayee
Free yvres rom O10 880s Of uy patch ic
pret : :
ienenpolr for the ilar or r=a.Here rvaties from to
‘qand évaries from 0 to >
= fT waa
!
i
rrdrdo
“Te
ao?
WAR] Provethat ff See © eit sing
eaegey
extended to all positive values of the variables for which the
‘2015-16; Marks 10)
AKTU 2018.oy
dx dy de
1 Sy
vi ey Double Integration:
Me artesian coordinates, v=ff, dz dy
F igral only when 271974271. Hany Inc
sitive values of the vari, Me ical coordinates
1 extended for all posi rariables, ; "Biv |, Incylindrie 3,
intr ances eye t . hey & saame by Trip Integration :
ye? a tion is boundec |
of integra v= dx dy dz (Ce
Hero terion asst ul rtsian cori
oa
: By 2 ff rardede Coys
yee Gea.) ve iff india
a . on : ordinate)
“yh aphorez? +9? +27= 1 in the post, V= [ff 7 sin 0dr d0.d9 (Spherical psa coordina,
‘Thich is the volume of 2 = Lin the positive
i oI polar co-ordinates by putting x= y gi ot Double Integration :
Changing that x2 +y? +22 = 1?
=a area agh ct Lin ee posit Area PY Cartesian Coordinates: The area
Jarthe volume ofspheres? +y7°+2= 24 the positive octany, ry. i Ta ourves./=/, (=) and ¥=f,(3) and he ese
5 and ¢ vari = by ezearene, |
from 01 1,0 varies rom to 5 and ¢varies from Oto >. given . bounded
Replacing de dy dr by r sin 0 dr 0d, we have | A a
cre sin 0dr dodo evo tae -
teh hh = and if the region is bounded by x= ,(y), x=
tn jee andy =d, then (= f,() and the lines
11-a-r) an
Az| [aed
“LTE 7 sin 0 dr d0.d6 4
i. In Polar Coordinates : Area of region bounded by the curves
eT :
“LT (Ga } ee eagaece, r=f,(0) and r =f, (0) and 0 =, 8= Bis
‘
10
A=J f rarao
_ Mass Contained in a Plane Region:
am ie la Let flz,)> Obe the surface density (mass/unit area) ofa given plane
= [sia off - ] do dp region D. Then the amount (quantity) of mass M contained in the
plane region D is given by
Mz |[fsdedy
°
Center of Gravity (Centroid) of a Plane Region D:
‘The coordinates (1,, y,) of the center of gravity (centriod) 0
region D with surface density fix, y) and containing mass M are
[ff ydxay forte 9) de dy
Areas and Volumes, Ce
, Center of Mass and Center of Gravity Se
(Constant and Variable Densities) f M °ping the volume common 10 Ee cxtindary x
“@
eiaetee
( [al aeedrae
a aa? —x dy d=
iF
Required volume
. afer -vde na [ete
FETT Pinte ame ofthe eon bounded bythe etn
yestand sand the planes 2202 =
Tawer |
Fig. 4141.
cee” — Veta cy
rind the volume ofthe cylindigg nt
ay ‘anding on,
acess
ae | LE on
afarf a :
v J J y j de J de
;
[tesa
x_n ast
er Saino Ag
was] Determine the area bounded by the curves:y =2, 4y=3!
[ARTO 201415, Marks 10
and y= 4.aren of te rogion occupied DY the cay,
ea Ps te
‘
pesandeet
fore ered
Regi vad aeais the shaded Pts
az ff oe”
aco
a4 7
ie dedy= | (4-¥-ydy
[perk
22f 4-ady
vc alyn 2
offo-F w|i f]
M
le Ca
wes :
atuate [{J2°9 d dy de throughout
el * the volume
planes 20,7 =0FOand 424 4,
oo”
[ARTU 201677 Marksag]
eS on gaan eerie se
i a “
d (i Lue be i}
self dba
eet24 | 105
quae] rind the mass of « plate which is formed py te
soorinate planes andthe plane 3+ 5+ = 1, the density ig g,,
ype
Same as Q 4.18, Page 4-180, Units
(ane Mass = Se]
720
EEG rnd the mass and coordinates ofthe center of gravity
lative to xazis,yaxi and origin ofa rectangle 0S
