Q1.

A circuit breaker is rated as 1500 A, 1000 MVA, 33 kV, 3-second, 3-phase oil
circuit breaker. Find (i) rated normal current (ii) breaking capacity (iii) rated
symmetrical breaking current (iv) rated making current (v) short-time rating (vi)
rated service voltage Ans. (i) Rated normal current = 1500 A (ii) Breaking capacity
6
1000∗10
= 1000 MVA (iii) Rated symmetrical breaking current¿ =17496 A (iv)
√3∗33∗103
Rated making current = 2·55 × 17496 = 44614 A (peak) (v) Short-time rating =
17496A for 3 seconds (vi) Rated service voltage = 33 kV (r.m.s.) Q2. A 50 Hz, 11
kV, 3-phase alternator with earthed neutral has a reactance of 5 ohms per phase
and is connected to a bus-bar through a circuit breaker. The distributed
capacitance upto circuit breaker between phase and neutral in 0·01 µF.
Determine (i) peak re-striking voltage across the contacts of the breaker (ii)
frequency of oscillations (iii) the average rate of rise of re-striking voltage upto
XL 5
the first peak Ans. Inductance per phase, L¿ = =0.019 H / Capacitance
2 πf 2 π∗50
√ 2∗11 =8.98 kv
per phase, C=0.01 μF=10−8 F ( i ) Maximum value of recovery voltage E max = /
√3
peak re-striking voltage¿ 2 Emax =2∗8.98=17.96 kv ( ii ) Frequency of oscillations is
1 1
f n= = =12628 Hz ( iii ) Peak re-striking voltage occurs at a time
2 π √ LC 2 π √ 0.0159∗10−8
1
t given by t= 2 f =π √ LC=π √0.0159∗10 =12628 Hz / Average rate of rise of re-
−8

n
peak ℜ−striking voltage 17.96 kv
striking voltage ¿ = =0.453 =453*103 KV/sec Q3. In a
timeupto frist peak 39.6 μ sec
short circuit test on a circuit breaker, the following readings were obtained on
single frequency transient : (i) time to reach the peak re-striking voltage, 50 µ sec
(ii) the peak re-striking voltage, 100 kV Determine the average RRRV and
frequency of oscillations ans. Average RRRV=
peak ℜ−striking voltage 100 kv
reach peak value ¿= =2 =2∗106 kv /sec / Natural
time ¿ 50 μ sec
frequency of oscillations,
1 1 1
f n= reach peak value ¿= = =10000 Hz Q4. An air-blast circuit
2∗time ¿ 2∗50 μ sec 2∗50∗106
breaker is designed to interrupt a transformer magnetizing current of 11 A (r.m.s.)
chops the current at an instantaneous value of 7 A. If the values of L and C in the
circuit are 35·2 H and 0·0023 µF, find the value of voltage that appears across the
contacts of the breaker. Assume that all the inductive energy is transferred to the
capacitance Ans. Voltage across breaker contacts at chopping is
e=i
√ L
C √
, Here , i=7 A ; L=35.2 H ; C=0.0023 μF / e=7
35.2
0.0023∗10
−6
3
=866∗10 v=866 kv Q.5

Determine the time of operation of a 5-ampere, 3-second overcurrent relay

having a current setting of 125% and a time setting multiplier of 0·6 connected to
supply circuit through a 400/5 current transformer when the circuit carries a fault
current of 4000 A. Use the curve shown in Fig. 21.16. Ans. Rated secondary
current of C.T. = 5 A / Pickup current = 5 × 1·25 = 6·25 A / Fault current in relay
4000∗5 50
coil= 400 =50 A / Plug-setting multiplier (P.S.M.) = 6.25 =8 / Corresponding to
the plug-setting multiplier of 8 (See Fig. 21.16), the time of operation is 3.5
seconds / Actual relay operating time = 3·5 × Time-setting = 3·5 × 0·6 = 2·1
seconds Q. A circuit breaker interrupts the magnetizing Current of a 100 MVA
transformer at 220 kv the magnetizing Current of the transformer is 5% of full
Load current. Determine the maxm voltage which may appear across the gap of
the breaker, when the magnetizing current is interrupted at 53% of its peak value.
The stray capacitance is 2500 uF. The inductance is 2500 uF. The inductance is 30
100∗10 6
H. Ans. I full load = =262.44 A / magnetizing current =5% of 262.44 =13.12 A
√3∗220∗103
1 2 1 2
/ current chopping occurs at = 0.53*13.12√ 2=9.83 A / now, 2 li = 2 cv /
1 1
∗30∗9.832= ∗2500∗10−6 V 2/ 1450.5=1.25*10−3 V 2/ V 2=1160400 / V =1077.2 Q. In a
2 2
system of 132 kv. the circuit, phase to ground capacitance is 0.01mF. the series
inductance is 6 H. calculate the voltage appeasing across the pole of ACB if a
magnetizing current of 10 A is intercepted instantaneously. Calculate the value of
resistance to be used across contact space to eliminate then striking Voltage
1 2 1 L 2
transient. Ans. Here, L=6H; C=0.01 uF WE know, 2 li = 2 CV / V = C i /V =i L /
2 2

√ C

V =10
√ 6
0.01∗10
−6
=244948.97V / then, π=
√ √
1 L 1
=
6
2 C 2 0.01∗10−6
=12247.4 k Ω Q. A 50 Hz

3-∅ Alternator has L = 1.6 mH/phase and Connected to Bus-ban through C.B. The
Capacitance to earth between alternator 8 C.B is 0.003 uF/ Phase. The C.B open
when RMS current is 7500 A. Determine {1} max R.R.R.V {2} Timeless max RRRV
{3} frequency of oscillator. Ans. Given that,{1} F = 50 Hz, Z = 1.6*103 H/P, C=0.003*
10 F/ph, I=7500 A, X L =2 πfL / Now, max RRRV=
−6
Em 5331.45
= =2.4∗109 V {2} max RRRV at Z=
√ LC √1.6∗10 ∗0.003∗10
3 −6

π π
√ LC = √ 1.6∗10−3∗0.003∗10−6 =3.44∗10−6 =3.44 u sec {3}
2 2
1 1
F n= = =72643.96 Hz / R.M.S value of recovery
2 π √ LC 2 π √ 1.6∗10 ∗0.003∗10−6
−3

voltage¿ I∗X L =7500∗2 π∗50∗1.6∗103=3769.91 V /

Emax =√ 2∗r . m . s=√ 2∗3769.91=5331.45 V Q. A 50 Hz 3-∅ Alternator has VL-L= 11KV
The inductive reactance up to CB is 5 Ω /phole and distributed capacitance
between = 0·0l uF/ph {1} Peak ne- striking voltage across the CB. {2} Frequency of
oscillation. {3} Average RRRV {4} max RRRV Ans. Given that,
11 ohm 0.01∗10−6 F
V L−L=11 kv ; V p = =6.35 kv ; X L =5 , C= ; F=50 Hz / Now, Inductor
√3 phase phase
X 5
pen phase, L= L = =0.015 H /¿ maximum value of recovery, voltage
2 πf 2 π∗50
Emax =√ 2∗6.35=8.98 kv {1} Peak ne- striking voltage =2* Emax =17.96 kv {2}
1 1
f n= = =12994.94 Hz=13 KHZ {3} peak re-striking voltage
2 π √ LC 2 π∗√ 0.015∗0.01∗10−6
at time t= π √ LC=π √ 0.015∗0.01∗10−6=38.4∗10−6=38.4 us {4} Average RRRV =
peak ℜ−striking voltage 17.96 kv kv
peak value ¿= =466778.48 =0.467
time ¿ 38.4∗10 −6
s us