9

Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 4 -Module 2
Momentum and Impulse

Keith Angeline N. Alejandro

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Need to Know
The purpose of this module is to help you understand the concept of
momentum and impulse and their relationship. It will also provide you with an
understanding of the effect of the collision on objects, and how the momentum is
conserved before, during, and after the collision.

This module contains two lessons namely:

 Lesson 1 – Momentum and Impulse
 Lesson 2 – Conservation of Momentum

After going through this module, you are expected to relate impulse and
momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision) and infer that the
total momentum before and after collision is equal. S9FE–IVb–36 and S9FE–
IVc–37

Specifically, you should be able to:

 analyze the factors that affect momentum;
 solve problems using the concept of impulse and momentum;
 apply the momentum and impulse to real-life scenarios;
 apply the law of conservation of momentum to real-life situations; and
 distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions.

What I Know

Read and analyze the questions and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements describes momentum?

A. The product of a body's mass and velocity.
B. The product of a body's mass and acceleration.
C. The sum of the body's mass and acceleration.
D. The sum of the body's mass and velocity.

2. The impulse experienced by a body is equal to the change in its:

A. Velocity C. Momentum
B. Kinetic energy D. Potential energy

1
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
3. What is the momentum of a 1700 kg car traveling at 12.0m/s?
A. 142 kg●m/s C.10020 kg●m/s
B. 20 400 kg●m/s D. 99 980 kg●m/s

4. How is impulse calculated?

A. force divided by time C. force times the time interval
B. mass times velocity D. force times velocity

5. A baseball bat hits a ball with 30.0 N of force at 0.700 s, what is the impulse
of the interaction?
A. 50.0 Ns B.43.0 Ns C.30.0 Ns D.21.0 Ns

6. Ball A bumps into ball B. Which is the same before and after collision?
A. The sum of momenta C. The momentum of A
B. The difference in momenta D. The momentum of B

7. Two cars approaching each other collide and separate after a collision. What
type of collision is present?
A. Elastic C. Perfectly inelastic
B. Inelastic D. Not enough given information

8. When two objects stick together after the collision, how does the total
momentum change?
A. It will increase. C. It remains the same.
B. It will decrease. D. The total momentum is zero.

9. Which is an important condition in conserving the total momentum of a

system?
A. An object must be at rest.
B. Kinetic energy must not change.
C. No external force will act on the system.
D. Gravity is the only force that acts on the system.

10. The total momentum of two objects before the collision is 350 kg m/s. What
will be their total momentum after the collision?
A. Not enough information is given. C. 0 kg m/s
B. 175 kg m/s D. 350 kg m/s

2
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Lesson
Momentum and Impulse
1

What’s In
Draw the trajectories of different angles given in the figure below and answer
the guide questions that follow.

Figure 1. Cannon ball firing at different angles

Guide questions:

1. Which angle/s reached the longest range? _____________________________

2. Which angle/s reached the highest point?______________________________
3. Which pair of angles will end up landing on similar points? ____________
4. Which of the following angle of release will most likely hit the target?
_______________________________________________________________________

What’s New
Analyze the figure below and answer the guide questions that follow.

Figure 2. Vehicles with varied mass and velocity

Guide questions:
1. Which among the three vehicles is the heaviest? ______________________________
2. Which vehicle do you think will be most difficult to stop? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________

3
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
3. Considering the mass and velocity of the three vehicles, if the same force
(brakes) will be applied, do you think it will have the same effect? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think is the relationship of mass and velocity to the object’s
momentum?
_____________________________________________________________________________

What Is It

Momentum

The activity shows how mass and velocity allow an object to continue its
motion. The property of a moving object concerning its mass and velocity is
referred to as momentum which is represented by symbol P.
This quantity, possessed by all moving objects, depends on how heavy or
how fast an object moves. Mathematically, we can
say that the momentum is equal to the mass
multiplied by the velocity of the object or we can
simply write P = mv. For an instance, two balls
rolling with different velocities will result in different
momentum. The same happens with two balls with
different masses rolling on an incline (same velocity)
also results in different momentum. (Refer to figure
3.)
Figure 3. Balls with (A) the same
Let us apply the formula and take the
mass, different velocity, and (B)
following problems as an example. with same velocity, different
mass.
Sample Problem:

1. A 45.0kg ice skater glides across the ice at a rate of 4.00m/s. How much
momentum does he/she possess?
Given: Unknown: Solution:
m = 45.0kg P=? P = (45.0kg)(4.00m/s)
v = 4.00m/s Formula: Answer:
P = mv P = 180kg●m/s
2. A rider with his motorcycle weighs a total of 170kg. If his total momentum is
2 546 kg●m/s, how fast does he drive?
Given: Unknown: Solution:
m = 170kg v=? 2 456 kg●m/s
v=
P = 2 456 kg●m/s Formula: 170 kg
P Answer: v = 15.0 m/s
P = mv → v= m

4
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Impulse

You have learned in your grade 8 science that any object will continue
moving unless there is an external force that will act on it. This is known as
Newton’s Second Law of Motion. Therefore, any moving object which either gains
or loses speed is affected by an external force. The change in the velocity of a
moving object will also result to a change in its momentum.
Another important factor that affects the change in the momentum of a
moving body is time. Applying the same force on a moving object in a significant
amount of time will also cause a change in the momentum of the object.
The force (f) multiplied by the time (t) it was applied, which results to the
change in the object’s momentum is defined as an impulse (J). Mathematically, we
write this as J=f×t. We use the unit N●s to express impulse.
Let us apply the formula and take the following problems as an example.

Sample Problem:

1. A bicycle that initially travels at 2.5 m/s, applies 20 N of force on the brakes
for 3 seconds. How much impulse was produced by the bicycle?
Given: Unknown: Solution:
f = 20 N I=? I=20N×2s
t=3s Formula: Answer:
I=f×t I = 40 N●s

2. If a track and field runner gained 25 N●s of impulse to outrun his opponents
in last 10s of the game, how much force did he used?
Given: Unknown: Solution:
I = 25 N●s f= ? 25N●s
f=
10s
t = 10 s Formula:
Answer:
I
f= f = 2.5 N
t

Impulse and momentum

If we will compare a heavy object moving at a high speed and a slow-moving

light object, which will be harder to stop if the same force will be applied? The
answer is the fast-moving heavy object. This is because the force that will be
applied into a moving body will be equal to the change in the momentum of the
object.
Impulse (J) = Change in momentum
It means that every object with greater momentum will require a longer time
or an equal or greater force for it to stop.

5
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What’s More
Analyze the case given below and answer the guide questions that follow.
Situation: A car with a mass of 1 524kg was heading towards a wall. It applied
140N of force in its brakes until it slows down.

Figure 4. Car moving towards a wall

Guide questions:
1. What is the initial momentum of the car?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. How long did it take for the car to stop after applying brakes?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. How much impulse was experienced by the car during the application of
brakes?
___________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Apply the concepts of momentum and impulse to explain the given applications.

1. Vehicles usually indicate the maximum capacity of passengers. Why do you

think it is important not to exceed its maximum capacity? Use the concept
of momentum in explaining your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Drivers are usually prohibited from over speeding. They are required to
follow the prescribed speed limit on different roads. Why do you think the
government imposes a speed limit? Defend your answer using the concept of
impulse.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Can Do
ROAD SAFETY REMINDER. Create your road safety reminder about speed
limits or safety precautions prescribed on the nearest road in your home. You may
present your work through a poster, an infographic, a brochure, or a video clip.
Follow the rubrics in making your output.

Rubrics for scoring

 Content (10 pts) Accurate and detailed information is provided.
 Organization (5 pts) Information are systematically organized, and it is
easy for the reader to understand.
 Visual Appeal (5 pts) Letter, colors, images, layouts, and other visual
elements help in the expressing overall idea of your output.
 Citation (5 pts). All sources of information are cited using APA style.

Assessment
Put the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

_____________1. Momentum is possessed by all objects.

_____________2. Impulse is always equal to the change in momentum.
_____________3. A sumo wrestler at rest has greater momentum than a gliding ice
skater.
_____________4. A truck can still change its momentum if minimal force will be
applied over a long period of time.
_______________5. During a jump shot, bending your knees as you land helps you
decrease the impact force.

Additional Activities
Solve the problem.
Situation: A car with a mass of 1 892kg, traveling at 12m/s, was heading towards
a wall. It applied 70N of force on its brakes for 6 seconds until it slows down.
Find: 1. The momentum of the car.
2. The resulting impulse of the car.

7
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Lesson
Conservation of Momentum
2

What’s In

Recall the concept of momentum and impulse and answer the questions that
follow.

1.Which ball has greater momentum?

____________________________________________

2.Which ball will be harder to stop? Why?

_____________________________________________

Figure 5. Two balls rolling on an incline

What’s New
Activity 2.1 Magic Marbles

Objective: Infer that the total momentum before and after a collision is equal.

You will need: 10 marbles & carton

What you will do:

1. Cut a rectangular shape
out of the carton. The
height should be at least 1
foot.
2. Peel one layer of the carton
to expose the corrugated
part and fold one side to
Figure 6. Magic Marble set-up
make an inclined plane.
(See figure 6 for reference.)

3. Align 10 marbles on top of one of the tracks, make sure they all touch each
other.

8
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
4. Put one marble on the inclined part and release it. Make sure that it will hit
the other marbles. Observe what happens.
5. Do the activity again, this time, take 2 marbles on the incline and let it roll.
Observe what happens.

Guide Questions:

1. Can we assume that all the marbles have same mass? How do you say so?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What happens after a rolling marble hits the stack of marbles?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How would you compare the speed of the marble rolling on the inclined
plane with the speed of the marble that moved?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How many marbles were thrown off after you tried releasing two marbles on
the inclined plane?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you think the number of marbles released on the inclined plane is
related to the number of marbles that are thrown out of the stack? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What Is It
Law of Conservation of Momentum

The activity presents

an example of how the
momentum of a rolling
marble is transferred to
another marble after the
collision. This activity
demonstrates the Law of
Conservation of Momentum
which states that the momentum of an object will remain the same if there is no
external force that will act on the system. The term conserved means that the
given quantity of an object is not changed or destroyed.

9
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Let us analyze the activity. Since the marbles are of the same size, structure,
and composition, we can say that they have the same mass. We can also assume
that the marbles rolling on the inclined plane and the marble that flicked has the
same speed. If we divide the system into its initial and final state as shown in
figure 7. The initial momentum of the marble before the collision is equal to the
final momentum of the marble that flicked. Hence, momentum is conserved.
Therefore, we can say that
Figure 7. The initial and final state of the Magic Marble set-
the momentum of the marble
up
before the collision is equal to
the momentum of the marble after the collision. Mathematically, we can express
this as:
P(before) = P(after)

We can prove that momentum is conserved if we analyze the quantities

possessed by the marbles. Since P = mass x velocity, we can say that:
mvmable1(before) + mv mable2 (before) = mv mable1(after) + mv mable2(after)

Note: Marble 1 refers to the marble rolling on the incline plane, while marble 2 refers
to the marble that flicked.

Let us apply the formula to find the unknown on figure 7.

Given: Unknown:
Mass of the marble = 4g or 0.004 kg vmable2(after)= ?
v(before) = 0.03 m/s
Formula:
P(before) = P(after)
mvmable1(before) + mv mable2 (before) = mv mable1(after) + mv mable2(after)

Solution:
P(before) = P(after)
mvmarble1(before) + mv marble2 (before) = mv marble1(after) + mv marble2(after)
(0.004kg x 0.03m/s)+(0.004kg x 0)= (0.004kg x 0)+(0.004kg)(vmable2(after))
0.0012 kg●m/s = 0.004kg(vmable2(after))
0.0012 kg●m/s
= vmarble2(after)
0.004kg

Answer: v(after) = 0.03m/

The velocity of the marble after collision is still the same. To check this,
substitute the computed value for the velocity after collision:

P(before) = P(after)
m(before) x v(before) = m(after) x v(after)
0.004kg x 0.03m/s = 0.004kg x 0.03m/s
0.00012 kg●m/s = 0.00012 kg●m/s

10
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
The equal values before and after collision indicate that the momentum is
conserved.

Collisions

The momentum of moving objects is always conserved before, during, and

after collisions. It always applies no matter how objects behave before colliding.
Collisions can be sorted into types depending on the effect on the objects.

Types of Collisions

Elastic collisions – These are types of collisions where

the two objects experience a rebound. No deformation
or generation of heat will occur since the objects
separate after the collision. Figure 8 shows the possible
scenarios of elastic collision.
Let us apply this concept in billiards. Imagine a cue
ball comes at rest after hitting the 8 balls. Suppose the
initial velocity of the cue ball is 2.5m/s and the weight
of a billiard ball is 0.17kg. What will be the velocity of
the 8 balls after collision?

Given:
Mass (m) of billiard ball = 0.17kg
Figure 8. Collision of balls
vcue(before) = 2.5 m/s with equal masses.
vcue(after) = 0 (since the cue ball becomes at rest) (A)Head-on collision.
v8ball(before) = 0 (since the 8 ball is initially at rest) (B)Rolling ball hitting the
ball at rest (C) Collision of
Unknown: v8ball (after) = ? balls moving towards the
same direction.
Formula:
P(before) = P(after)
mvcue(before) + mv8ball(before) = mvcue(after) + mv8ball(after)

Solution:
mvcue(before) + mv8ball(before) = mvcue(after) + mv8ball(after)
(0.17kg)(2.5m/s)+(0.17kg)(0) = (0.17kg)(0)+(0.17kg)(v8ball (after))
0.425 kg●m/s = (0.17kg) (v8ball (after))
0.425 kg●m/s
0.17kg
= v8ball(after)

11
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Answer: v8ball (after)= 2.5m/s

Elastic collision also applies in recoil.

A recoil is commonly observed when firing
a gun. The shooter will feel the gun
propelling towards him as the bullet is
fired in opposite direction. The initial
momentum of both the gun and the bullet
is equal to zero, however after firing, the
bullet and the gun move in opposite
directions which follows the Law of
Conservation of Momentum.
Figure 9. A firing pistol

Inelastic collisions – These types of collisions commonly result in deformation

or the generation of heat. The object sticks together after collision and moves with
same velocity.
Let us apply this concept to cars. Car A with a mass of 1700kg moving to
the right at 14m/s collides head-on with Car B with a mass of 1500kg moving to
the left at 11m/s. After the collision, the two cars stuck and moved in the same
direction. What is the velocity of the cars after the collision, in which direction
did the two cars move?
Given: Unknown:
Mass of Car A = 1700kg vcar A and B(after) = ?
Mass of Car B = 1500kg
vcarA(before) = 14 m/s
vcarB(before) = 11 m/s

Formula:
P(before) = P(after)
mvcarA(before) + mvcarB(before) = (mcarA+mcarB)(vcar A and B(after))

Solution:
mvcarA(before) + mvcarB(before) = (mcarA+mcarB)(vcar A and B(after))
(1700kg)(14m/s)+(1500kg)(11m/s) = (1700kg+1500kg)(vcar A and B(after))
40 300kg●m/s = (3 200kg) (vcar A and B(after))
40 300 kg●m/s
3 200kg
= vcarA and B(after)

Answer: vcar A and B(after) = 12.594m/s to the right.

12
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Since the computed value is positive therefore, the two cars moved in the
direction of Car A.
What’s More
Study and analyze the figure below and answer the questions that follow. Show
your solutions.
Situation: Ball B is at rest.

What will be the velocity of ball B after, if:

a. the collision is perfectly elastic?

Figure 10. Collision of balls with

equal masses b. the collision is perfectly inelastic?

What I Have Learned

Apply the concept of the “Law of Conservation of Momentum” to explain the given
applications.

1. Professional billiard players like Efren “Bata” Reyes apply the law of
conservation of momentum in playing billiards. Using the Law of
Conservation of Momentum, how do you think billiard players strategize
their gameplay?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. During a firing demo, the firing instructor usually teaches the trainees of the
proper posture in holding a gun. Why is it necessary to follow the correct
position when firing a gun? Support your answer using the Law of
Conservation of Momentum.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

13
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Can Do
Concept Map. Create a concept map that will summarize the Law of
Conservation of Momentum. Use the terms listed on the box in making your
concept map. You may add words or phrases to further elaborate your work.

 Elastic collision  Deformation

 Inelastic collision  Generation of heat
 Recoil  Direction
 Sticks after collision  Separates after collision
 Law of Conservation of Momentum

Rubrics for scoring

 Content (10 pts) Accurate and detailed information is provided.
 Organization (5 pts) Information are systematically organized, and it is
easy for the reader to understand.
 Visual Appeal (5 pts) Letter, colors, images, layouts, and other visual
elements help in the expressing overall idea of the infographics.
 Citation (5 pts). All sources of information are cited using APA style.

Assessment
Put the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

_______________1. Heat and deformation are results of elastic collisions.

_______________2. After collision, the momentum can be lost depending on the
damage on the object.
_______________3. The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that the initial
momentum of the object will be equal to the momentum after the
collision.
_______________4. In an inelastic collision, the two objects will move with the same
velocity after collision.
_______________5. During inelastic collisions, the two bodies will move with the
direction of the object with greater momentum.

Additional Activities
Solve the problem.

14
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Situation: A 1 kg pistol, initially at rest, shoots a bullet with a mass of 2.5g. After
firing, the bullet travels at a speed of 150m/s. What will be the recoil velocity after
the gun has been fired?

Posttest
Read each item carefully and encircle the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. How is impulse calculated?

A. The product of mass multiplied by velocity.
B. The product of the force multiplied by time interval.
C. The product of force multiplied by velocity.
D. The force is divided by the time interval.

2. Which has more momentum, a heavy truck moving at 30 km/h or a light

truck moving at 30 km/h?
A. heavy truck C. Both vehicles
B. light truck D. Cannot be determined.

3. A body that experienced an impulse is equal to the change in its:

A. Kinetic energy C. Potential energy
B. Momentum D. Velocity

4. A baseball bat hits a ball with 20 N of force at 0.75 s, what is the impulse of
the interaction?
A. 1 Ns B. 5 Ns C. 15 Ns D. 27 Ns

5. What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1500 kg traveling at 11m/s?

A. 136 kg●m/s C. 20 00 kg●m/s
B. 16 500 kg●m/s D. 99 980 kg●m/s

6. Ball A bumps into ball B. Which is the same before and after collision?
A. The sum of momenta C. The momentum of A
B. The difference in momenta D. The momentum of B

7. How would you compare the momentum of a large bus with that of a small
car traveling at the same speed?
A. The momentum of the bus is less than the small car.
B. The momentum of the bus is greater than the small car.
C. The momentum of the bus is equal to the small car.
D. None of the above

15
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
8. Two cars approaching each other collide and separate after the collision.
What type of collision is present?
A. Elastic C. Perfectly inelastic
B. Inelastic D. Not enough given information

9. Which is an important condition in conserving the total momentum of a

system?
A. Only the force of gravity acts on the system
B. No external force will act on the system.
C. Kinetic energy must not change.
D. An object must be at rest.

10. The total momentum of two objects before the collision is 275 kg●m/s. What
will be their total momentum after the collision?
A. Not enough information is given. C. 0 kg●m/s
B. 175 kg●m/s D. 350 kg●m/s

References
Hewitt, P. G. (2015). Conceptual Physics (Twelfth Edition ed.). San Francisco:
Pearson.

Young, H. D., & Freedman, R. A. (2016). University Physics (with Modern Physics)
(14th Edition ed.). Santa Barbara, California: Pearson Education.

Henderson, T. (n.d.). Momentum change and impulse. Retrieved March 1, 2021,

from https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-
1/Momentum-and-Impulse-Connection

16
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
City of Good Character
17
Lesson 1 Lesson 2
What I Know
What’s In
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 1. Ball B
6. A 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. D
2. Ball B, because it has greater momentum.
What’s In What's New
1. 45O 1. Yes, because they have the same mass, and
2. 75O structure.
3. 75O and 15O , 60O and 30O 2. The marble on the other end flicked.
4. 45O 3. They have the same speed.
4. Two marbles flicked as well.
5. Yes. Since the number of marbles thrown out of the
What's New
stack is equal with the marble rolling on the incline, the
1. Truck
velocity of the marble is transferred to the marbles on
2. The truck. Because it is the heaviest.
the other end.
3. No, the difference of each object will be a factor to the
effect of force.
What’s More
4. Greater mass or velocity results to greater
momentum. a. The collision is perfectly elastic.
A(before)+B(before) = A(after)+B(after)
What’s More (m)(v) +(m)(v) = (m)(v) +(m)(v)
1. 21 336 kg●m/s (4 kg)(2.5m/s) + (4kg)(0) = (4 kg)(0) + (4kg)(v)
2. 7 s (from 4th dot to the 10th dot) v = 2.5 m/s
3. 560 s
b. The collision is perfectly inelastic.
What I Have Learned A(before)+B(before) = A(after)+B(after)
1. The maximum capacity indicates the total additional (m)(v) +(m)(v) = (mA + mB)(v)
mass appropriate for the intended momentum of the (4 kg)(2.5m/s) + (2kg)(0) = (4 kg + 4 kg)(v)
vehicle. A vehicle carrying more than the maximum v = 1.25 m/s
capacity would result in increased mass, therefore the
momentum will increase. What I Have Learned
2. The government imposes a speed limit in vehicles to 1. Professional billiard players tend to think of the effect
avoid accidents. Faster speeds mean greater of how hard they should hit the ball. They need to set a
momentum, and therefore it requires greater force and certain velocity (not too hard nor too weak) to the cue
longer time to change the momentum (application of ball to transfer the momentum to another ball.
brakes). 2. When firing a gun, the release of the bullet results in
the recoiling of the pistol, hence, momentum is
Assessment conserved. Since the direction of the pistol is opposite
1.FALSE the bullet and travels at a high speed, it may have a
2.TRUE damaging effect on the hands and shoulders of the
3.FALSE person holding the gun. Proper posture allows the
4.TRUE person to accommodate the recoiling momentum of the
5.TRUE gun.
Assessment
1.FALSE
2.FALSE
3.TRUE
4.TRUE
5.TRUE
Answer Key
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Keith Angeline N. Alejandro

Content Editors: Jenalyn M. Salonga

Robert J. Gaviola
Jessica S. Mateo

Language Editosr: Ma. Elena S. Catinoy

Geraldine B. Tapit

Cover Illustrators: Jordan B. Plopino

Arriane Joy F. Isorena

Illustrator: Keith Angeline N. Alejandro

Layout Artists: Keith Angeline N. Alejandro
Jemwel Dela Paz

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero
EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE