Expt.

1: To load the machine code of a sample program in MDA-8086

trainer and verification of results including flags.
Sample Program:
MOV AX,8051H
MOV DX,0550H
MOV CL,02H
MOV CH,93H
ADD AX, DX
MOV BX,0050H
SUB AX, BX
INC DL
DEC BX
XCHG CX, BX
HLT
Table: Data for a sample program in MDA-8086 trainer and verifications of results
including flags.

Offset Instruction Hex Code Verification/Flags

1000 MOV AX,8051H B8,51,80 AX=8551
1003 MOV DX,0550H BA,50,05 BX=9302
1006 MOV CL,02H B1,02 CX=004F
1008 MOV CH,93H B5,93 DX=0551
100A ADD AX, DX 03, C2 Flags
100C MOV BX,0050H BB,50,00 CF=0, ZF=0
100F SUB AX, BX 2B, C3 SF=0, OF=0
1011 INC DL FE, C2 PF=0, AF=1
1013 DEC BX 4B IF=1, DF=0
1014 XCHG CX, BX 87, CB
1016 HLT F4
Expt.2: To solve the arithmetic and logical problem using 8086uP
MDA-8086 trainer: i) Addition, ii) Subtraction, iii) Multiplication, iv)
Division.
If A=-8, B=4, then Z=A+B, Z=A-B, Z=A*C, Z=A/B
Here A=-8=F8(hex)
i. Z=A+B

Table: Data for addition program in MDA-8086 trainer and verification

of result including flags.
Offset Instruction Hex Code Verification Flags
1000 MOV AL,00F8H B0, F8 AX=0000 IF=1
1002 MOV BL,0004H B3, 04 AX=00F8 IF=1
1004 ADD AL, BL 02, C3 BX=0004 IF=1
1006 HLT F4 AX=00FC SF=1, PF=1,
IF=1
ii. Z=A-B
Table: Data for Subtraction program in MDA-8086 trainer and
verification of result including flags.

Offset Instruction Hex Code Verification Flags

1000 MOV AL,00F8H B0, F8 AX=0000 IF=1
1002 MOV BL,0004H B3, 04 AX=00F8 IF=1
1004 SUB AL, BL 2A, C3 BX=0004 IF=1
1006 HLT F4 AX=00F4 SF=1, IF=1
iii. Z=A*B
Table: Data for Multiplication program in MDA-8086 trainer and
verification of result including flags.
Offset Instruction Hex Code Verification Flags
1000 MOV AL,00F8H B0, F8 AX=0000 IF=1
1002 MOV BL,0004H B3, 04 AX=00F8 IF=1
1004 MUL BL F6, E3 BX=0004 IF=1
1006 HLT F4 AX=03E0 CF=1,
OF=1,
IF=1
iv. Z=A/B, Here A=8, B=4.
Table: Data for Division program in MDA-8086 trainer and verification
of result including flags.
Offset Instruction Hex Code Verification Flags
1000 MOV AL,00F8H B0, 08 AX=0000 IF=1
1002 MOV BL,0004H B3, 04 AX=0008 IF=1
1004 DIV BL BX=0004 IF=1
1006 HLT F4 AX=00FC IF=1
Expt3. To solve mathematical problem using 8086
microprocessor emulator.
a) Find the sum of series of N numbers.
Here, 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9=45.
Program:
MOV AX,0000H
MOV CX,0009H
L:
ADD AX, CX
LOOP L
HLT
b) Calculate factorial of a number.
Here, 5! = 120
Program:
MOV AX,0001H
MOV CX,0005H
L:
MUL CX
LOOP L
HLT
c) Find the square of a number.
Here 9^2=81.

Program:
MOV AX,0000H
MOV CX,0009H
MOV AX, CX
MUL CX
HLT
d) Find the average of n numbers.
Here, (1+2+3+4+5)/5=3.
Program:
MOV AX,0000H
MOV CX,0005H
MOV BX,0005
L:
ADD AX, CX
LOOP L
DIV BX
HLT
Expt.4(a): Blinking LED using Atmega32 microcontroller (all at once).
Program:
#include <avr/io.h>
#define F_CPU 1000000UL
#include <util/delay.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRD=0xff;
while (1)
{
PORTD=0xff;
_delay_ms(1000);
PORTD=0x00;
_delay_ms(1000);
}

Figure: Circuit diagram for Blinking LED.

Expt.4(b): Blinking LED using Atmega32 microcontroller (up and down
counter).
Up counter Down Counter
#define F_CPU 1000000UL #define F_CPU 1000000UL
#include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h> #include <util/delay.h>

int main(void) int main(void)

{ {
DDRD=0xff; DDRD=0xff;
while (1) while (1)
{ {
PORTD=0x01; PORTD=0x80;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x02; PORTD=0x40;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x04; PORTD=0x20;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x08; PORTD=0x10;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x10; PORTD=0x08;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x20; PORTD=0x04;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x40; PORTD=0x02;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
PORTD=0x80; PORTD=0x01;
_delay_ms(500); _delay_ms(500);
} }
} }

Figure: Circuit diagram for Blinking LED.

Expt. 5 To Design a Up/Down Counter using Atmega32 Microcontroller and Interface
with Seven segment display

Up Counter: Down Counter:

#include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/io.h>
#define F_CPU 16000000UL #define F_CPU 16000000UL
#include <util/delay.h> #include <util/delay.h>
int main(void) int main(void)
{ {
int i; int i;
DDRD=0xff; DDRD=0xff;
char char
seg[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x seg[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x
6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0 6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0
x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71}; x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};
while (1) while (1)
{ {
for(i=0;i<=15;i++) for(i=15;i>=0;i--)
{ {
PORTD=seg[i]; PORTD=seg[i];
_delay_ms(50); _delay_ms(50);
} }
} }

Figure: Circuit diagram for Up and Down Counter using

7 segment display.