03-Types Class One Lecture
03-Types Class One Lecture
Systems
Baosen Zhang
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
Historical Development of Wind Energy
• Charles F. Brush is the first person
to build wind turbine to produce
electricity in Cleveland, Ohio in
1888
– It was just 12 kW
low
speed
Igen
Yaw control
Tower
Structure
Coupling
Nacelle
Bed
Yaw
Tower
Hub Blade
Gearbox
Generator
generator are
everything gearbox
at ground level
of wind is low
speed
limits power
heavy expensive
4 newer turbines
Type
no gearbox
electronics
uses power
1.5 MW Turbine
to
new ones
are to aw
Queen
Rapid Growth of Wind Turbine Size
10MW
i 12mW
i
i
Basic Wind Turbine Specifications (2MW)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0
MW MW MW MW MW MW MW
140
120
3.0 MW
Hub Height (m)
loom
100
2.0 MW
80
60 700 kW
40 300 kW
50 kW
20
Transport constraint
construction
noise
VESTAS
1.8MW
Controllable Mechanical Variables
• Operating wind speed of modern turbines
Gear box High speed shaft
4 m/s > W < 30 m/s Rotating blades
• Yaw Control
– To align the rotor to face wind
• Feathering
– To lock the blades at high wind speeds (>50mph)
Typical Power-Speed Characteristics
Power
Wind power
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Windspeed MPH
Types of Wind Turbine Generators (WTG)
23
Fixed and Variable Speed IG
24
Fixed and Variable Speed WT
Operating
Range of
Torque Speed
induction
2
generator
Operating
Range of
Torque I
smalloperating
ns Speed
range
Fixed speed
Rated
Power
induction generators
operating range
is small
easy to build
maintain
easy to
27
Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT) System
28
Variable Speed Wind Turbine (VSWT) System
regulate power
lets the blades rotate at slower speeds
more expensive
29
Main Types of Wind Turbines
30
Main Types of WTG
4
Type syn generators
31
Type1: SCIG with Fixed Compensation
Type 2: Wound Rotor IG
33
Type 3: Doubly Fed Induction Generator
(DFIG)
34
Type 3: Doubly Fed Induction Generator
(DFIG)
Type 3: Advanced Control with AGC
36
Type 4: SG with Excitation Control
(Full Converter)
37
Type 4: SG with AGC (Full Converter)