Sequence & Series (Sheet)

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Contents
S.No. Topic Page No.
1. Sequence & Series Key Concept 1–4

2. Sequence & Series Lecture Notes 5 – 62

3. Sequence & Series Solved Example, 63 – 99

P.T., Hall knight, Exercise -I to III, Q.B

4. Sequence & Series DPP (4.1 to 4.5) 100 – 109

5. Sequence & Series Part Test (1, 2) 110 – 117

6. Answer key 118 – 123

7. Revision Planner 124

8. Proficiency Test Solution 125 – 149

9. Hall knight Solution 150 – 191

10. Sequence & Series Solved Exercise - I 192 – 210

11. Sequence & Series Solved Exercise - II 211 – 225

12. Quadratic Equation Solved Exercise - III 226 – 272

13. Question Bank Solution 273 – 283

14. DPP Solution (2.1 to 2.6) 284 – 308

15. Part Test -1,2 Solution 309 – 327

16. Brahmastra (Final Revision) 328 – 339

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KEY CONCEPTS (SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION)
DEFINITION :
A sequence is a set of terms in a definite order with a rule for obtaining the terms.
e.g. 1 , 1/2 , 1/3 , ....... , 1/n , ........ is a sequence.

AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP) :

AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fixed number. This fixed number
is called the common difference. If a is the first term & d the common difference, then
AP can be written asa, a + d, a + 2 d, ....... a + (n – 1)d, ........
nth term of this AP tn = a + (n – 1)d, where d = an – an-1.
n n
The sum of the first n terms of the AP is given by ; S n = [2 a + (n – 1)d] = [a + l].
2 2
where l is the last term.

NOTES :
(i) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non
zero number, then the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(ii) Three numbers in AP can be taken as a – d , a , a + d ; four numbers in AP can be
taken as a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d ; five numbers in AP are a – 2d , a – d , a, a + d, a
+ 2d & six terms in AP are a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iii) The common difference can be zero, positive or negative.
(iv) The sum of the two terms of an AP equidistant from the beginning & end is constant
and equal to the sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an AP (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are
equidistant from it.
(vi) tr = Sr  Sr1

(vii) If a , b , c are in AP  2 b = a + c.

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (GP) :

GP is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms
is equal to the proceeding terms multiplied by a constant . Thus in a GP the ratio of
successive terms is constant. This constant factor is called the COMMON RATIO of
the series & is obtained by dividing any term by that which immediately proceeds it.
Therefore a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ...... is a GP with a as the first term & r as common ratio.
(i) nth term = a rn –1
a  r n  1
(ii) Sum of the I n terms i.e. Sn =
st , if r  1 .
r 1
(iii) Sum of an infinite GP when r < 1 when n   rn  0 if r < 1 therefore,

1
Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
a
S = (| r | 1) .
1 r
(iv) If each term of a GP be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero quantity, the
resulting sequence is also a GP.
(v) Any 3 consecutive terms of a GP can be taken as a/r, a, ar ; any 4 consecutive terms of
a GP can be taken as a/r3, a/r, ar, ar3 & so on.
(vi) If a, b, c are in GP  b2 = ac.

HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP) :

A sequence is said to HP if the reciprocals of its terms are in AP.
If the sequence a1, a2, a3, .... , an is an HP then 1/a1, 1/a2, .... , 1/an is an AP & converse.
Here we do not have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an HP. For HP whose
ab
first term is a & second term is b, the nth term is tn = .
b  (n 1) (a  b)
2 ac a ab
If a, b, c are in HP  b = or = .
ac c bc

MEANS
ARITHMETIC MEAN :
If three terms are in AP then the middle term is called the AM between the other two, so
if a, b, c are in AP, b is AM of a & c .
a  a  a  .....  an
AM for any n positive number a 1, a2, ... , an is ; A = 1 2 3 .
n

n - ARITHMETIC MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS :

If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A 1, A2, .... , An, b are in AP then A1, A2, ... An
are the n AM’s between a & b .
ba 2 (b  a ) n (b  a)
A1 = a + , A2 = a + , ...... , An = a +
n 1 n 1 n 1
ba
=a+d, = a + 2 d , ...... , An = a + nd , where d =
n 1
NOTE : Sum of n AM’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single AM between a & b
n
i.e. 
r 1
Ar = nA where A is the single AM between a & b.

GEOMETRIC MEANS :
If a, b, c are in GP, b is the GM between a & c.
b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.

2
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n-GEOMETRIC MEANS BETWEEN a, b :
If a, b are two given numbers & a, G1, G2, ..... , Gn, b are in GP. Then
G1, G2, G3 , ...., Gn are n GMs between a & b .
G1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 = a(b/a)2/n+1, ...... , Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1
= ar , = ar² , ...... = arn, where r = (b/a)1/n+1

NOTE : The product of n GMs between a & b is equal to the nth power of the single GM
between a & b
n
i.e. 
r 1
Gr = (G)n where G is the single GM between a & b.

HARMONIC MEAN :
If a, b, c are in HP, b is the HM between a & c, then b = 2ac/[a + c].

THEOREM :
If A, G, H are respectively AM, GM, HM between a & b both being unequal & positive
then,
(i) G² = AH
(ii) A > G > H (G > 0). Note that A, G, H constitute a GP.

ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES :
A series each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding term of an AP &
GP is called the Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x3 + .....
Here 1, 3, 5, .... are in AP & 1, x, x2, x3 ..... are in GP.
Standart appearance of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series is
Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² + ..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1

SIGMA NOTATIONS
THEOREMS :
n n n
(i) 
r 1
(ar ± br) = 
r 1
ar ± 
r 1
br.
n n
(ii) 
r 1
k ar = k 
r 1
ar.
n
(iii) 
r 1
k = nk ; where k is a constant.

3
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RESULTS
n
n (n 1)
(i) 
r 1
r=
2
(sum of the first n natural nos.)
n
n (n 1) (2n 1)
(ii) 
r 1
r² =
6
(sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
2
n
n 2 (n 1)2  n 
(iii)  r3 =  r  (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
r 1 4 r  1 

METHOD OF DIFFERENCE :
If T1, T2, T3, ...... , Tn are the terms of a sequence then some times the terms T 2  T1,
T3  T2 , ....... constitute an AP/GP. n th term of the series is determined & the sum to n
terms of the sequence can easily be obtained.
Remember that to find the sum of n terms of a series each term of which is composed
of r factors in AP, the first factors of several terms being in the same AP, we “write down
the nth term, affix the next factor at the end, divide by the number of factors thus
increased and by the common difference and add a constant. Determine the value of the
constant by applying the initial conditions”.

4
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
R
De nition

or complex numbers, written

according to de nite rule and
r
p

R
decrease by a xed number. Fixed number is
called the common di erence. If ‘a’ is the rst
term and ‘d’ is the common di erence, then

( )
a , ( a + d) , ( a + 2d) , ..., a + n − 1 d

Tn = a + (n − 1 ) d

R > ⇒
R ⇒
R ⇒

R term of an A.P. are respectively 17 and 32. Find the 20

⇒
⇒

R = p, then nd the r
⇒
⇒
⇒
r

R = 17, then nd the 1

common di erence

×
⇒

⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒

a (b − c ) b (c − a ) c ( a − b)
= + +
D D D

1
= {ab-ac+bc-ab+ac-bc} M
D

R
nd the value of a
f α α α

α α α
α α α
⇒ α α
α∈ ⇒ ≥
⇒ ≥
⇒ ≥
⇒ ≤
 −4 − 70 −4 + 70 
⇒ a∈ , 
 12 12 
∵ ∈R
3
α
5

4
⇒α
5

n
Sn = 2a + (n − 1 ) d
2
n
Sn = ( a +  ) where  = a + (n − 1) d Sum of rst n natural
2 n (n + 1 )
2
MR MfR M r
Sum of rst n odd natural
R
Sum of rst n even natural

a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d; ve numbers in AP

six terms in AP can be taken as a - 5d, a - 3d,

The common di erence can be zero, positive

equal to the sum of rst & last terms.

R

For any series T

R ⇒
The rst term of an AP is 5, the last is 45, and the sum 400, nd the number
of terms and the common di erence.


n n
Sn = [a +  ] ⇒ (50) = 400 ⇒ n = 16
2 2

40 8
⇒ =
15 3

The sum of rst 3 terms of an AP is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293
then nd S

⇒ ⇒

⇒
⇒ ±

⇒
⇒
n n
r ⇒ Sn = 8 + (n − 1 ) 5 = ( 3 + 5n )

2 2

n n
For a = 14, d = −5 ⇒ Sn = 28 + (n − 1) ( −5) = (33 − 5n)
2 2

In an AP of which ‘a’ is the 1

 aq (p + q) 
zero, show that the sum of the next q terms is −  
 p−1 

p
2a + (p − 1 ) d = 0 ⇒ 2a + (p − 1 ) d = 0
2
−2a
d=
p−1
now sum of next q terms

q
= 2 ( a + pd) + ( q − 1) d
2
q  −2a  
= 2a + (2p + q − 1 )  
2  p − 1 
q  2ap − 2a − 4ap − 2aq + 2a 
=  
2 (p − 1 ) 

q  −2a (p + q)  p + q
=   = −aq  
2 p−1  p− 1

359
Find the value of the sum ∑ k cosk°
k =0

S = 0cos0° + 1cos1° + 2cos2° + 3cos3° + ... + 359cos359°

∵ ° °
cos358° = cos2°


cos181° = cos179°

S = 360 {cos1 ° + cos2° + … + cos179 °} (cos180° )

α β
 179° 
sin  
 2  cos 90 ° − 180
S = 360 × ( )
 1° 
sin  
2

1
R Smn = (mn + 1)
2

1
Tm = a + (m − 1) d =
n
1
Tn = a + (n − 1) d =
m

m−n 1
(m − n) d = ⇒d=
mn mn

1 1 1 1 1
a + (m − 1) = ⇒a+ − =
mn n n mn n
1
⇒a=
mn

mn
Smn =
2
{2a + (mn − 1 ) d}

mn  2 mn − 1  1
=  +  = (mn + 1 )
2 mn mn  2

1 2
M 20 + 19 + 18 + ...
3 3
that their sum is 300. Explain the reason of double answer.

1 −2
a = 20 and d = 19 − 20 =
3 3

n
Sn = 300 = 2a + (n − 1) d
2
n 2
⇒ 40 − (n − 1)  = 300
2  3
 (n − 1 ) 
⇒ n  20 −  = 300
 3 
⇒ (61 − n) = 900 ⇒ n2 − 61n + 900 = 0
⇒ ⇒
M

The sum of n terms of two AP’s are in the ratio of 7n+1 : 4n + 27, nd the

n
2a + (n − 1) d
Sn 7n + 1
= 2 =
S'n n 2a' + n − 1 d' 4n + 27
( ) 
2
2a + (n − 1) d 7n + 1
⇒ =
2a' + (n − 1) d' 4n + 27
(n − 1)
a+ d
2 7n + 1
⇒ =
( n − 1 ) 4n + 27
a' + d'
2
(n − 1 )
= 10 ⇒
2

a + 10d T 7 ( 21) + 1 148 4

= 11' = = =
a' + 10d′ T11 4 (21 ) + 27 111 3

R S1 ,S2 ,S3 , … ,Sp are the sum of n terms of ‘p’ arithmetic series whose rst

terms are 1,2,3,4,… and whose common di erences are 1,3,5,7,…

np
S1 + S2 + S3 +…+Sp = (np + 1)
2

n
S1 =
2
{2 × 1 + (n − 1) .1}
n
S2 = {2 × 2 + (n − 1) .3}
2
n
S3 = {2 × 3 + (n − 1) .5}
2

n
+Sp =
2
{2 × p + (n − 1) . (2p − 1)}
n
S1 + S2 + ...Sp =
2
{ }
2. ( 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + p) + (n − 1) ( 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + ( 2p − 1) )

n  p ( p + 1) 
= 2. + (n − 1) p2 
2 2 
np
= {np + 1} H.P.
2

p
⇒
2
{2a + (p − 1 ) d} = q
d
⇒ ap + p (p − 1 ) =q
2

q
⇒
2
{2a + (q − 1) d} = p
d
⇒ aq + q (q − 1) = p
2

d
⇒
2
d
⇒
2
⇒

(p + q)
Sp+q =
2
{2a + (p + q − 1) d}
(p + q)
= ( −2) = − (p + q) M
2
p
f a 1 , a2 , a 3 , ..., a100 a1 = 1 Sp = ∑a
i= 1
i

Sm
1 ≤ p ≤ 100 . For any integer n with 1 ≤ n ≤ 20 R
Sn

5n
S5n {2a1 + (5n − 1 ) d}  (2a1 − d) + 5nd 
= 2 = 5 
Sn n  ( 2a 1 − d ) + nd 
2
{2a 1 + (n − 1 ) d}

R
⇒

1
of the even terms is 30, and the last term exceeds the rst term 10
2

Find the number of terms.

f a 1 , a2 , a3 , ..., a2n

a 1 + a 3 + a 5 + ... + a2n−1 = 24

a2 + a 4 + a6 + ... + a 2n = 30

( a2 − a1 ) + ( a4 − a3 ) + ... + ( a2n − a2n−1 ) = 6

1 21
a2n − a 1 = 10 =
2 2
21
(2n − 1 ) d =
2
21 21
2nd − d = ⇒ 2 (6 ) − d =
2 2
3
,d =
2
6 6
n= = =4
d 3
2

Find the sum of all integers between 1 to 100 which are divisible by 2 or 3.

 49 × 50 
= 2  = 2450
 2 

 33 × 34 
= 3  = 1683
 2 
∩
 16 × 17 
= 6  = 816
 2 
∪

Find the nature and n

Tn = Sn − Sn−1 ;n ≥ 2

{
= ( 5n2 + 2n + 4 ) − 5 (n − 1) + 2 (n − 1) + 4
2
}
(
= 5 n2 − (n − 1)
2
) + 2 (n − (n − 1))
= 5 ( 2n − 1) + 2 = 10n − 3;n ≥ 2

Evaluate : S=100

101
= 100 × = 5050
2

a 1 , a2 , ... denotes the sum of the rst k terms of

Sn n2 am+ 1 ( 2m + 1 )
R = 2 ∈r =
Sm m an + 1 (2n + 1 )

Sn (n / 2) 2a1 + (n − 1) d n2
= =
Sm (m / 2) 2a1 + (m − 1) d m2

2a1 + (n − 1 ) d n
⇒ =
2a 1 + (m − 1) d m
n − 1
a1 +  d
 2  n
⇒ =
m − 1 m
a1 +  d
 2 
R →

⇒
a 1 + nd
=
(2n + 1) →

a 1 + md (2m + 1)
am+ 1 (2m + 1 )
M =
an + 1 (2n + 1)
30 15
f a 1 , a2 , ..., a30 S= ∑a
i= 1
i T= ∑a(
i= 1
2i− 1).
R a5 = 27 S − 2T = 75

a 10

30
S= 2a 1 + ( 30 − 1 ) d
2 
S = [2a 1 + 29d]
T = a1 + a3 + a5 + ... + a29

15
= 2a 1 + ( 15 − 1) 2d
2 
2T = 15 [2a 1 + 28d]

⇒
a5 = 27
⇒ a 1 + 4d = 27 ⇒ a1 + 4 (5 ) = 27
a1 = 7
a 10 = a1 + 9d = 7 + 9 (5 ) = 52

∵
⇒
⇒
⇒

(b + c ) – a2 , (c + a ) − b2 , (a + b ) − c2
2 2 2
R

∵
⇒

p
2 2 2
(b + c ) − a2 , ( c + a ) − b2 , (a + b ) − c2

1 1 1
R a2 ,b2 , c2 , ,
b+c c+ a a +b

∵ a2 ,b2 , c2

1 1 1
⇒ , ,
b+ c c+a a +b

a b c
R a2 ,b2 , c2 , ,
b+c c+ a a +b
∵ a2 ,b2 , c2

1 1 1
⇒ , ,
b+ c c+a a +b

a + (b + c ) b + ( c + a ) c + ( a + b )
⇒ , ,
b+c c+a a+b
a b c
⇒ + 1, + 1, +1
b+c c+a a +b

a b c
⇒ , ,
b+c c+ a a +b
R Mp. R p. r

a1 + a2 + ... + an
p
n

p
f

b−a
⇒ d=
n+1

n
 A + An  n
∑A i
= n 1
2
 = a + b 
i= 1   2

If 101 arithmetic means and are inserted between 1 and 99 then nd their sum.

×
 1 + 99 
101 ×  
 2 
×

Insert 20 AM’s between 4 and 67.

67 − 4 63
common di erence , d = = =3
20 + 1 21


R
A3 2
= then nd the value of p.
Ap − 1 5

41 − 5 36
common di erence d = =
p+1 p+1
A3 2
= ⇒ 5A 3 = 2Ap− 1
Ap − 1 5

⇒ 5 ( 5 + 3d) = 2 ( 5 + (p − 1 ) d)
⇒ 25 + 15d = 10 + ( 2p − 2 ) d
⇒ ( 2p − 17 ) d = 15

36
⇒ ( 2p − 17 ) = 15
p+1
⇒ 12 ( 2p − 17 ) = 5 (p + 1)
⇒ 19p = 209 ⇒ p = 11

a 1 , a2 , a 3 , ..., an

a1 = 0 ; a 2 = a1 + 1 ; a 3 = a2 + 1 ; ... an = an−1 + 1
1
a1 , a2 , ..., an −
2

a 2 = a1 + 1

a22 = a21 + 2a 1 + 1

a23 = a22 + 2a2 + 1

a24 = a 23 + 2a 3 + 1

an2+ 1 = a2n + 2an + 1

an2+ 1 = a21 + 2 ( a 1 + a 2 + ... + an ) + n

⇒ 2 ( a1 + a2 + … + an ) + n ≥ 0

a1 + a 2 + ... + an −1
⇒ ≥ M
n 2
R

 7
R log 3 2,log 3 (2x − 5 ) & log 3  2x −  are in AP determine x.
 2

 7
2log 3 ( 2x − 5 ) = log 3 2 + log 3  2x − 
 2 
 7
⇒ log 3 ( 2x − 5 ) = log 3 2  2x − 
2

 2 
 7
⇒ ( 2x − 5 ) = 2  2x − 
2

 2
x

⇒ ( t − 5 ) = 2t − 7
2

⇒ t2 − 12t + 32 = 0
⇒ ( t − 4 ) (t − 8 ) = 0
⇒ 2x = 4 , 2x = 8

⇒ x = 2 (rejected as 2x – 5 < 0), x = 3

⇒ x =3

x−1 x−2 1
+ + ... + = 3
x x x

1
x
{1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( x − 1)} = 3
1  ( x − 1) x 
⇒  =3
x 2 
⇒ (x - 1) = 6 ⇒ x = 7

The fourth power of common di erence of an arithmetic progression with

f
di erence = 2d ∈R
now required exp.
4
= ( a − 3d) ( a − d) ( a + d) (a + 3d) + (2d)
= ( a2 − 9d2 ) (a2 − d2 ) + 16d4
= a 4 − 10a2d2 + 25d4
= ( a2 − 5d2 ) =
2
{(a − 3d) ( a + 3d) + ( 2d) }
2 2

( ) (
= I1I2 + I23 = Integer )
2

Find the condition that the roots of equation x3 − px2 + qx − r = 0

f α
β α α β
α ⇒α
∵α α α
p3 p2 p
⇒ − p. + q. − r = 0
27 9 3
−2 3 1
⇒ p + pq − r = 0
27 3
⇒ 2p3 − 9pq + 27r = 0

If the rst 3 terms of an increasing AP are the roots of the cubic

4x 3 − 24x2 + 23x + 18 = 0 then nd Tn

f αβ α α β β
24
3α = =6⇒α=2
4
−18
αα β α β
4
−9
β
2
−9 25
⇒ β ⇒β
4 4
5
β ±
2
5 5
2 − , 2, 2 +
2 2
−1 9
, 2,
2 2
−1 5
a= , d=
2 2
−1 5 5n − 6
Tn = + (n − 1 ) =
2 2 2
R ax2 + bx + c = 0
bc2 , ca2 , ab2

f α, β

1 1
α+β= 2
+ 2
α β
α2 + β2
⇒ α+β =
( αβ )
2

⇒ ( α + β ) (αβ ) = ( α + β )
2 2
− 2αβ
2 2
b c  b 2c
⇒− .  = −  −
a a  a a
bc2 b2 2c
⇒− 3 = 2 − ⇒ −bc2 = ab2 − 2a2 c
a a a
⇒ ab2 + bc2 = 2ca2
bc2 , ca2 , ab2

a1 , a2 , a3 , ..., an

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 
+ + +…+ =  + + ... + 
a 1an a 2an−1 a 3an−2 ana 1 a 1 + an  a 1 a 2 an 

a1 + an = a 2 + a n− 1 = a3 + an−2 = ... = k
fM
1 k k k k 
⇒  + + + ... + 
k  a1an a2an−1 a3 an−2 ana1 

1  1 1   1 1   1 1   1 1 
⇒  + + + + +  + ... +  + 
k  an a 1   an− 1 a 2   a n−2 a 3   a1 an 

1 1 1 1  2 1 1 1 
⇒ 2 + +…+  =  + + ... +  = RHS
k  a 1 a2 an  a1 + an a1 a2 an 
Let AP (a; d) denote the set of all the terms of an in nite arithmetic progression
with rst term a and common di erence d > 0.
R AP ( 1; 3) ∩ AP (2; 5 ) ∩ AP ( 3; 7) = AP (a;d)

di erence is LCM of common di erences of these APs

rst common terms in all these APs will be 52 hence a = 52

f p

f a1 , a2 , ..., an be a given AP whose common di erence is an integer

Sn = a1 + a2 + ... + an R a1 = 1, an = 300and15 ≤ n ≤ 50
( Sn− 4 , an− 4 )

an = a1 + (n − 1 ) d

299
M n − 1= ∈ [14, 49]
d
13 × 23
n − 1= ∈ [ 14, 49]
d

an−4 = a 20 = a 1 + 19d = 1 + 19 ( 13) = 248

20
Sn− 4 = S20 = [a1 + a20 ] = 10 ( 1 + 248 ) = 2490
2

2, 3, 5

f pth , qth ,rth

a+ (p-1 ) d= 2
a+ (q-1 ) d= 3

a+ (r-1 ) d= 5

(q − p) d = 3− 2

(r − q) d = 5− 3
÷
q−p 3− 2
=
r −q 5− 3
fM ∈r M
2, 3, 5

. p. R . R r
De nition
In a sequence if each term (except
the rst non- zero term) bears

Tn = arn−1 (r ≠ 0 )

1
R t3 = 2 and t6 = − , nd t
4

∵ t3 = 2 ⇒ ar 2 = 2

1 1
t6 = − ⇒ ar5 = −
4 4
÷

1 1
r3 = − ⇒r=−
8 2
2 2
a= 2 = =8
r 1
 
4
9
 1 1
t10 = ar9 = 8  −  = −
 2  64
R terms of a G.P. are x, y and z respectively then prove
x

Tp = x ⇒ ARP−1 = x
Tq = y ⇒ ARq−1 = y
Tr = z ⇒ ARr − 1 = z

xq−r = ( ARp− 1 )
q−r
= Aq−rR(
p − 1)( q−r )

= Aq−rRpq−pr −q+r
yr −p = ( ARq− 1 )
r −p
= Ar −pR(q−1)(r −p)
= Ar −pRqr−pq−r+p
zp−q = ( ARr − 1 )
p−q
= Ap−qR(r −1)(p− q)
= Ap−qRpr −qr −p+q
× ×
xq−r .y r −p .zp−q ° °

S = a + ar + ar 2 + ... + ar n− 1
R

S=
(
a 1 − rn )
1−r

r ≠ 1, R
a
R r < 1 and n → ∞ then , a, ar
r
a
S∞ =
1−r
a a
, , ar, ar3
r3 r
R ⇒
The sum of rst 3 consecutive terms of a GP is 19 and their product is 216.
nd S S∞ if it exists.

f α / β, α, αβ
α
.α.αβ = 216
β
⇒α ⇒α
α
⇒ + α + αβ = 19
β
6
α=6 + 6 + 6β = 19
β

⇒ β β β
⇒ β β
⇒ β β β
⇒ β β β
⇒ β β
2 3
⇒β =
3 2

2 6 2
β= ⇒ , 6, 6.   ⇒ 9, 6, 4
3 2 3
3
3 6 3
β = ⇒ , 6, 6.   ⇒ 4, 6, 9
2 3 2
2
R

  2 n 
1 −   
 3    2 n 
Sn = 9   = 27  1 −   
 1− 2  3
   
 3 
 
9
S∞ = = 27
2
1−
3
RR
3
a = 4, r =
2
  3 n 
  − 1
 2   3 n 
Sn = 4     = 8   − 1
 3−1  2
  
 2 
 
3
S∞ will not exist as r = > 1
2

In a GP, nd a a1 + a2 + a 3 = 13 and a21 + a 22 + a23 = 91

f a2 = a1r, a 3 = a 1r2
a1 + a2 + a 3 = 13
⇒ a 1 + a 1r + a 1r2 = 13
⇒ a 1 ( 1 + r + r 2 ) = 13
a21 + a22 + a23 = 91
⇒ a21 + a21 r2 + a21 r 4 = 91
2
(
⇒ a 1 1 + r + r = 91
2 4
)
÷
a21 ( 1 + r + r2 ) ( 1 − r + r2 ) 13 × 7
⇒ =
a 2
1 (1 + r + r )
2 2 132

1 − r + r2 7
⇒ =
1+r+r 2
13
⇒ 13 − 13r + 13r2 = 7 + 7r + 7r2
⇒ 6r2 − 20r + 6 = 0
⇒ 3r2 − 10r + 3 = 0

1
⇒ ⇒ r= ,r = 3
3

1  1 1
r= ⇒ a1  1 + +  = 13 ⇒ a 1 = 9
3  3 9
r = 3 ⇒ a 1 ( 1 + 3 + 9 ) = 13 ⇒ a 1 = 1
9 9
R 9, , , ...
3 32
n− 1
1
an = 9  
3
RR 1, 3, 32 , ...
n−1
an = 1 ( 3 )

If sinx, sin 2x and cosx · sin4x form an increasing geometric sequence,

nd the numerical value of cos 2x + cos2x. Also nd the common ratio of

sinx, sin2 2x, cosx sin4x

⇒ ( sin2 2x ) = ( sinx ) . (cosx sin4x )
2

⇒ ( sin2 2x ) = ( sinx cosx ) (2sin2x cos2x )

2

⇒ ( sin2 2x ) = (sin2 2x ) (cos2x )

2

⇒ ( sin2 2x ){sin2 2x − cos2x} = 0

⇒ sin2x = 0 (not possible), 1 – cos 2x – cos 2x = 0

⇒ 2x + cos2x = 1 … (1)

cosx sin4x
(common ratio) =
2

sinx
cosx 2sin2x cos2x
r2 =
sinx
cosx 2 (2sinx cosx ) cos2x
=
sinx
4cos x cos2x = 2 (1 + cos2x ) cos2x
2

2 ( cos2 2x + cos2x )

⇒ r= 2
The sum of an in nite number of terms of a GP is 15 and the sum of their
squares is 45. Find the series.

f a, ar, ar2 , ...

a
sum of in nite terms = = 15
1−r
⇒ a = 15 ( 1 − r )

squared sequence: a2 , a2r2 , a2r4 , ...

a2
= 45 ⇒ a 2 = 45 (1 + r ) ( 1 − r )
1 − r2
÷
2
225 ( 1 − r )
1=
45 ( 1 + r )( 1 − r)
( 1 + r ) = 5 ( 1 − r) ⇒ 6r = 4
2
r=
3
 2
⇒ a = 15  1 −  = 5
 3
M
2
2  2
5, 5. , 5.   , ...
3  3
10 20
⇒ 5, , , ...
3 9
n n

R α β 375x2 − 25x − 2 = 0 lim ∑αr + lim ∑βr

n→∞ n →∞
r =1 r=1

21 29 1 7
346 358 12 116

25 1 −2
α+β = = , αβ =
375 15 375
∞ ∞

∑α + ∑β
r r
Now given exp. is
r =1 r =1

⇒ α α α β β β
α β α ( 1 − β ) + β (1 − α )
⇒ + ⇒
1− α 1−β (1 − α ) (1 − β)
( α + β) − 2αβ ⇒  25 + 2 ( 2)  × 1
⇒  
1 − ( α + β ) + αβ  375 375   1 − 25 2 
 − 
 375 375 
29 375 29 1
⇒ × = =
375 348 348 12

Use in nite series to compute the rational number corresponding to 0.423

f x = 0.4232323...
x= 0.4 +0.023+0.00023+…∞
4 23 23 23
x= + + + + ...∞
10 103 105 107
23
2 103
x= +
5 1− 1
102
2 23 102 2 23 419
x= + 3. = + =
5 10 99 5 990 990

Find the sum : S = 9 + 99 + 999 + …+ 999…9(n times)

S = ( 10 − 1 ) + ( 102 − 1 ) + ( 103 − 1 ) + ... + ( 10n − 1 )

S = ( 10 + 102 + 103 + ... + 10n ) − n
10 ( 10n − 1)
S=
9
1
S = ( 10n+ 1 − 9n − 10 )
9

Find the sum : S = 0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ...

9 99 999
S= + + + ...
10 102 103

S=
( 10 − 1)
+
( 10
2
− 1)
+
( 10
3
− 1)
+ ... +
( 10
n
− 1)
10 10 2
10 3
10n
 1   1   1   1 
S =  1 −  +  1 − 2  +  1 − 3  + ... +  1 − n 
 10   10   10   10 
 1 1 1 1 
S = n −  + 2 + 3 + ... + n 
 10 10 10 10 
1  1 
1 −  1 1 
10  10n 
S =n− = n − 1 − n 
 1  9 10 
1 − 
 10 

Solve the following equations for x and y

log 2x + log 4x + log 16 x + ... = y
5 + 9 + 13 + ... + ( 4y + 1)
= 4log 4x
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2y − 1 )

1 1
log 2x + log 2 x + log 2 x + ... = y
2 4
 1 1 
⇒ log 2 x. 1 + + + ... = y
 2 4 
 
 1 
⇒ log 2 x.  =y
1 − 1 
 2
y
⇒ log 2 x =
2

y
2
{5 + ( 4y + 1)} 1
= 4. log 2 x
y2 2
⇒ y ( 3 + 2y ) = 2log2 x . y2

y 2
⇒ 2y 2 + 3y = 2. .y ⇒ y 3 − 2y2 − 3y = 0
2
⇒ y ( y 2 − 2y − 3) = 0 ⇒ y ( y + 1) ( y − 3) = 0
⇒
∈r
3
3
log 2 x = ⇒ x = 22 = 2 2
2
For any three positive real numbers a, b and c,
9 ( 25a 2 + b2 ) + 25 ( c2 − 3ac ) = 15b ( 3a + c )

2 2 2
( 15a ) + ( 3b) + ( 5c ) − ( 15a ) ( 3b) − ( 3b) ( 5c ) − ( 15a ) ( 5c ) = 0
⇒ 15a = 3b = 5c = k (let )

k k k
a= ,b = , c =
15 3 5
k1  k 6 2k
a + b =  + 1 = . = = 2c
35  3 5 5
⇒

If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in GP and a + b + c = xb then

x cannot be

f (r ≠ ±1)
Now, a + b + c = xb
⇒ = x.ar
⇒ = xr …(1)
⇒ +(1 - x)r + 1=0
r ≥
⇒ ( 1 − x ) − 4 (1 ) ≥ 0
2

⇒ ( 1 − x + 2 ) ( 1 − x − 2) ≥ 0
⇒ ( x − 3) ( x + 1) ≥ 0
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞ , −1] ∪ [3, ∞ )
⇒x=3
⇒x=-1
clearly, x ∈ ∞ ∪ ∞
Find four successive terms of a GP of which the 2
rst by 35 and the 3

f
a − ar = 35
a ( 1 − r ) = 35
ar2 − ar 3 = 560
ar2 (1 − r ) = 560
÷
560
r2 = = 16 ⇒ r = ±4
35
35
R a=−
3
−35 −140 −560 −2240
, , ,
3 3 3 3
35
R a= =7
5

R pth , qth ,rth , sth

f
a + (p − 1) d = A
a + ( q − 1) d = AR
a + (r − 1) d = AR2
a + ( s − 1 ) d = AR3
⇒
⇒
⇒

loga,logb, logc
⇒
⇒ logb2 = logac
⇒ b2 = ac
⇒
R S1 , S2 , S3 , ..., Sn ,… are the sums of in nite geometric series whose rst
1 1 1 1
, , , ..., , ...
2n− 1
2 3 4 n+1
respectively then nd the value of ∑S
r =1
2
r

1
For S1 ; a = 1,r =
2
1
⇒ S1 = =2
1
1−
2
1 2
S2 ;a = 2,r = ⇒ S2 = =3
3 1
1−
3

S3 = 4, S4 = 5, ...Sr = (r + 1 )
2n− 1 2n −1 2n

∑S ∑ (r + 1) ∑r
2
2
r = 2
−1
r =1 r =1 r=1

(2n) ( 2n + 1) ( 4n + 1)
−1
6
n
(2n + 1) ( 4n + 1) − 1
3

. p. R p. r
De nition

p ∙ a ∙ …. ∙ a R

p
f
G1 ,G2 , ..., Gn are ‘n’ GM’s then
1
 b n+1
r= 
a
n

∏G = ( G )
n
i
i=1

p
Hence product of n GM’s inserted between a
p
R

AM ≥ GM
Insert 4 GM’s between 5 and 160.

f 5, G1 , G2 ,G3 ,G4 , 160 → in GP

1 1
 b  n+ 1  160  5 1
r=  =  = ( 32) 5 = 2
a  5 
G1 = 5r = 10, G3 = 5r3 = 40 G2 = 5r2 = 20,G4 = 5r4 = 80

If AM between a and b is 15 and GM between a and b is 9. Find the

a +b
= 15 ⇒ a + b = 30
2
ab = 9 ⇒ ab = 81
81
a+ = 30
a
a2 − 30a + 81 = 0 ⇒ (a − 27 ) (a − 3 ) = 0

R p
a : b = n+ n − 4 : n− n − 4
2 2

p p
a +b n
a + b = n ab ⇒ =
2 ab 2

a + b + 2 ab n + 2
=
a + b − 2 ab n − 2
2
 a + b n+2
⇒   =
 a − b n−2

a+ b n+2
⇒ =
a− b n−2

a n+2 + n−2
⇒ =
b n+2 − n−2

a 2n + 2 n2 − 4 n + n2 − 4
= = M
b 2n − 2 n2 − 4 n − n2 − 4
If a, b, c are in GP and x, y are respectively the AM’s between a, b and

1 1 2 a c
+ = and + = 2
x y b x y

f b = ar, c = ar2
a +b a
x= = (1 + r)
2 2
b + c ar
y= = (1 + r )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2 2 2
+ = + = ( r + 1) = =
x y a ( 1 + r) ar ( 1 + r ) ar ( 1 + r ) ar b
a c 2a 2ar2
+ = +
x y a ( 1 + r ) ar ( 1 + r )
2 2r
= + =2 M
1+r 1+r

R p
G1 andG2 G31 + G23 = 2abc

b+c
a= ⇒ b + c = 2a
2
G1 andG2 are GM’s between b and c
⇒ b, G1 , G2 , C → in GP
⇒ G21 = bG2 andG22 = G1c and G1G2 = bc

G31 = bG1G2 and G32 = G1G2 c

( )
G31 = b bc and G32 = bc c ( )
G + G = b c + bc = bc (b + c ) = 2abc
3
1
3
2
2 2
M

R
≥

∵ p≥ p
1+a
⇒ ≥ a ⇒ 1+a ≥ 2 a
2

1+b ≥ 2 b
1+c ≥2 c
1+d≥ 2 d
≥ abcd
⇒ ≥ M

If x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 then prove that (x + y) (y + z)(z + x) ≥ 8xyz

x+y
p≥ p⇒ ≥ xy
2
⇒ x + y ≥ 2 xy
y + z ≥ 2 yz
z + x ≥ 2 zx

⇒ (x + y) (y + z)(z + x) ≥ 8xyz M

If the sum of rst 20 terms of the series log 1 x + log 1 x + log 1 x + ...
72 73 74

then x is equal to
1 46
72 7 21

sum = 2log 7 x + 3log 7 x + 4log 7 x + ...

⇒ log 7 x {2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 21} = 460
 21 × 22 
⇒ (log 7 x)  − 1  = 460
 2 
⇒ (log 7 x) ( 230) = 460 ⇒ log 7 x = 2 ⇒ x = 72

∆ 3 3

f ∆
⇒ 3 3

f 3 3
⇒ tanA ∙ tanB ∙ tanC = 3 3
⇒ none of tanA, tanB, tanC can be negative so applying AM ≥ GM
tanA + tanB + tanC 1
≥ {tanA.tanB.tanC}3
3
∵ α
1
α α3
⇒ ≥ α3 ⇒ ≥ α ⇒ α2 ≥ 27
3 27
α≥3 3

⇒ ⇒∆ M

310.24
R a2b3c2 ≤
77
p≥ p
a a b b b c c 1
+ + + + + +
2 2 3 3 3 2 2  a2b3c2  7
⇒ ≥ 4 3 
7  23 
7
a + b + c abc 3
2 3 2 7

 ≥ 4 3 ⇒ 7 ×2 ×3 ≥ a b c
4 3 2 3 2
⇒ 
 7  23 7

31024
⇒ a2b3c2 ≤ M
77

R 22n+1 > 1 + ( 2n + 1) 2n

p≥ p
1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 22n 1
> ( 1.2.22...22n ) 2n+1
(2n + 1)
M
1 ( 22n+1 − 1) 1
> ( 21+2 +3 +... +2n ) 2n+1
(2n + 1)
1
 2n(2n+ 1)  2n+1
⇒ 2 2n+ 1
− 1 > (2n + 1 )  2 2 
 
 
⇒ 22n+1 > 1 + ( 2n + 1) ( 2n ) M

R ion x + px + qx + rx + 5 = 0 has four positive real roots then

nd the minimum value of pr.

∵ p≥ p
a +b+c+d 1
∴ ≥ ( abcd ) 4
4
⇒ ≥
⇒ ≥
abc + abd + acd + bcd 1
≥ (a 3b3c3d3 ) 4
4
⇒ ≥
⇒ ≥

R
7
( 1 + a ) ( 1 + b ) ( 1 + c ) > 77 a4b4c4

p≥ p
a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc 1
≥ ( a 4b4c4 ) 7
7
1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc 1
> ( a 4b4c4 ) 7
7
7
⇒ ( 1 + a ) ( 1 + b ) ( 1 + c ) > 77 a 4b4c4 M

R Mp. R . p. R . R r

S = a + ( a + d ) r + ( a + 2d ) r 2 + ( a + 3d ) r 3 + ...

R x < 1 then compute the sum : 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ...∞

f
S = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + ...
xS = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + …
− − − − −

( 1 − x ) S = 1 + x + x2 + x 3 + ...
1 1
(1 − x ) S = = (1 − x )
−2
⇒S=
1−x (1 − x )
2
R x < 1 then compute the sum : 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ...∞
f
S = 1 +3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ...
xS = x + 3x2 + 6x3 + ...
− − − − −
( 1 − x ) S = 1 + 2x + 3x 2
+ 4x 3 + ...
−2
( 1 − x ) S = (1 − x )
S = (1-x)

4 7 10
Find the sum to n terms and also S∞ of series 1 + + + + ...
5 52 53

f
4 7 10 3n − 2
Sn = 1 + + 2 + 3 + … + n− 1
5 5 5 5
Sn 1 4 7 3n − 2
= + 2 + 3 + ... +
5 5 5 5 5n

Sn 3 3 3 ( 3n − 2 )
4 = 1 + + 2 + 3 + ... −
5 5 5 5 5n
Sn 3 1 1  ( 3n − 2 )
4 = 1 +  1 + + 2 + ... (n − 1) terms  −
5 5 5 5  5n
  1 n−1 
1 − 
Sn 3   5   ( 3n − 2 )
4 = 1+  −
5 5 1− 1  5n
 5 
S 3 1   3n − 2 
4 n = 1 + 1 − n−1  −  
5 4  5   5n 

5 15  1  1  3n − 2 
+  1 − n−1  −  n−1 
4 16  5  4 5 
1 1 3n − 2
when n → ∞ =0 =0
5n−1 4 5n−1
5 15 35
S∞ = + =
4 16 16
3 5 7 9
Find S∞ + + + + ...
5 15 45 135

f
3 5 7 9 2n + 1
Sn = + + + +…+
5 15 45 135 5 ( 3)
n–1

Sn 3 5 7 2n + 1
= + + + ............... +
3 15 45 135 5 ( 3)
n

Subtracting:
2Sn 3 2 2 2 2n + 1
= + + + + ............. −
3 5 15 45 135 ()
n
5 3

2Sn 3 2  1 1  2n + 1
= +  (
1 + + + ... n − 1 terms − )
3 5 15  3 9  5 3n ()
 1 
1 − n− 1 
2Sn 3 2  3  − 2n + 1
= +  
3 5 15 
1−
1  5 3n ()
 3 
2Sn 3 1 1  2n + 1
= + 1 − −
3 5 5  3n− 1  5 3 n ()
1 1 2n + 1
when n→ ∞ =0 =0
3 n− 1
5 3n

9 3 6
S∞ = + =
10 10 5

3 33 333 3333
Find the sum to n terms and also nd S∞ + + + + ...
19 192 193 194

f
 1 11 
Sn = 3  + 2 + ...n terms 
 19 19 

3  9 99 999 
Sn =  + + + ...n terms 
9  19 192 193 

1  10 − 1 102 − 1 103 − 1 10n − 1 

Sn =  + + + ... + 
3  19 192
19 3
19n 
1   10  10  1 
2 3 n
 10   10    1 1 1
Sn =   +   +   + ... +    −  + 2 + 3 + ... + n  
3   19  19   19   19   19 19 19 19  

  n
 10   1 
 1−     
1−
1  10   19   1  19n 
Sn = −  
3  19  1 − 10  19  1 − 1 
  19   19 
  

1  10  1  
n
 10   1 
Sn =   1 −    −  1 − n 
3  9   19   18  19  

n
 10  1
when n→ ∞   =0 & n =0
 19  19

1  10 1  1 19 19
S∞ =  − = . =
3  9 18  3 18 54

pR .ff r. . .r .

∑ n , ∑ n2 , ∑ n3

n ( n + 1)
∑n =
2
n ( n + 1) ( 2n + 1)
∑ n2 =
6

k3 − (k − 1) = 3k2 − 3k + 1
3

⇒
⇒
⇒
:
:
⇒
( ∑ n ) − 3 ( ∑ n) + n
2

n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 )
⇒ ∑ n2 =
6
2
 n ( n + 1) 
 = ( ∑ n)
2
∑ n3 = 
 2 

k 4 − (k − 1 ) = 4k 3 − 6k2 + 4k − 1
4

⇒
k=2⇒
k=3⇒

d ⇒
= 4 ( ∑ n3 ) − 6 ( ∑ n2 ) + 4 ( ∑ n) − n
2
n2 (n + 1)
⇒ ∑n = 3

4
r
n n n

∑ (a
r=1
r + br ) = ∑a + ∑b
r=1
r
r=1
r

n n

∑k ar = k ∑ar
r=1 r=1
d∈

n n

∑k = k∑ = k n
k =1 r=1

1
Evaluate :  ∑ n2 + ∑ n 
2

1  n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1) n (n + 1 ) 
=  + 
2 6 2 
1 n (n + 1 )  2n + 1 
=  + 1
2 2  3 
1 2 (n + 2 ) 1
= n (n + 1 ) = n (n + 1 ) (n + 2 )
4 3 6
Find the value(s) of the positive integer n for which the quadratic equation,
n

∑ ( x + k − 1) ( x + k ) = 10n
k =1
α α α

∑[x
k =1
2
+ ( 2k − 1) x + k ( k − 1) ] = 10n

n n n
⇒ x2 ∑1 + x ∑ (2k − 1 ) +
k =1 k=1
∑ (k
k =1
2
− k ) = 10n

n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1) n (n + 1 )
⇒ nx2 + n2 x + − = 10n
6 2
n (n + 1 )  2n + 1 
⇒ nx2 + n2 x +  − 1  = 10n
2  3 
n (n + 1 ) (n − 1 )
⇒ nx2 + n2 x + = 10n
3
⇒ 3x2 + 3nx + n2 − 1 = 30
⇒ 3x + 3nx + (n α α
∴ di erence of roots =1
{( α + 1) − α}
2
=1

{( α + 1) + α} − 4 ( α + 1)( α ) = 1
2

2
 3n   n2 − 31 
⇒ −  − 4 =1
 3  3 
4 2 124
⇒ n2 − n + −1 =0
3 3
n2 121
⇒ = ⇒ n = 11
3 3

Compute the sum :

(1 2
+ 22 + 32 + … + 502 ) − ( 12 + 22 + … + 302 )
50.51.101 30.31.61
⇒ −
6 6
Tn = n (n + 1) ( 3n − 1)

n n
Sn = ∑T = ∑r (r + 1) ( 3r − 1)
r =1
r
r=1

n
= ∑ ( 3r
r=1
3
+ 2r2 − r )

n n n
= 3∑r3 + 2∑r 2 − ∑r
r=1 r= 1 r= 1

n2 (n + 1) 2n (n + 1) ( 2n + 1) n (n + 1)
2

=3 + −
4 6 2
3 2 n n (n + 1 )
n (n + 1) + (n + 1) ( 2n + 1) −
2

4 3 2

32 + 72 + 112 + ...

Tr = ( 4r − 1)
2

Tr = 16r2 − 8r + 1
n n
Sn = ∑Tr =
r =1
∑16r
r=1
2
− 8r + 1

n n n
Sn = 16∑r2 − 8∑r + ∑1
r =1 r=1 r =1

n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 ) n (n + 1 ) 8
= 16 −8 +n n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1)
6 2 3

 n + 1  n+ 1
R   (2 − n − 2 )
 4 
k th k · 2n+ 1−k , ≤
≤ n, nd n.

 n + 1  n+ 1
Sn =   (2 − n − 2)
 4 
k 
Tk = k.2n+ 1−k = 2n+ 1  k 
2 
n
Sn = ∑T
k =1
k

1 2 n

Sn = 2n+ 1   + 2n+ 1  2  + ... + 2n+ 1  n 
2
  2
  2 

Sn  1   n − 1 n
= 2n+ 1  2  + ... + 2n+1  n  + 2n+ 1. n+ 1
2 2   2  2

Sn
= 2n + 2n− 1 + ... + 2 − n
2

Sn 2 ( 2 − 1)
n

= −n
2 ( 2 − 1)
⇒ Sn = 2 ( 2 − 1) − 2n
2 n

Sn = 2n+2 − 2n − 4
= 2 ( 2n+ 1 − n − 2)
n+1
=2⇒n=7
4

(Using method of di erence) :

R

For such series we rst compute their n

f
Tn

Tn−1 + Tn

0=6+7 + 9 + 11 + … − Tn

n− 1 terms
( n − 1)
Tn = 6 + 2 ( 7) + (n − 2) 2 = 6 + (n − 1) (n + 5)
2
Tn = n2 + 4n + 1
n
n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1) 4n (n + 1 )
Sn = ∑T
r=1
r =
6
+
2
+n

n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1)
+ 2n (n + 1 ) + n
6

f
S = 3 + 8 + 15 + 24 + … + Tn
S= 3 + 8 + 15 + … + Tn−1 + Tn

0=3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + … − Tn

n terms

n
Tn = 2 ( 3) + ( n − 1) 2 = n2 + 2n
2
n
n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1) n (n + 1 ) n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 )
Sn = ∑T
r=1
r =
6
+ 2.
2 6
+ n (n + 1 )

f
S = 5 + 7 + 13 + 31 + 85 + … + Tn
S= 5 + 7 + 13 + 31 + … + Tn−1 + Tn

0=5+2 + 6 + 18
 + 54 + …
 − Tn
n− 1 terms

2 (3 n− 1
− 1)
Tn = 5 + = 3n−1 + 4
( 3 − 1)
n n n
Sn = ∑T = ∑3
r=1
r
r =1
r−1
+ ∑4
r =1

1 (3 − 1)
n
1 n
Sn =
3−1
+ 4n =
2
(3 − 1) + 4n
f
S = 2 + 5 + 14 + 41 + 122 + … + Tn
S= 2 + 5 + 14 + 41 + … + Tn−1 + Tn

0= 2+3 + 9 + 27
 + 81 + …
 − Tn
n− 1 terms

3 ( 3n−1 − 1) 3n 3 3n 1
Tn = 2 + = 2+ – = +
( 3 − 1) 2 2 2 2

1 3 ( 3 − 1) n 3 ( 3n − 1)
n
n
n
Sn = ∑Tr =
r =1 2 3−1
+
2 4
+
2

 1  1 1   1 1 1 
1 +  1 +  +  1 + + 2  + … +  1 + + 2 + … + n− 1 
 3   3 3   3 3 3 

For the above series

 1 1 1 
Tr =  1 + + 2 + … + r −1 
 3 3 3 
 1 
 1 − 3r  3 1  3 1 1 
Tr =   =  1 − r  = −  r−1 
 1− 1  2  3  2 23 
 3 
n n
3 1  1 
sn = ∑T = ∑  2 − 2  3
r=1
r
r =1
r −1  

 1 
1 1− n
3n 1  3 
sn = − .
2 2  1
1 − 
 3
3n 3  1 
sn = − 1 − n 
2 4 3 

term as a di erence of two):

M
1 1 1
+ + + ...
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 3.4.5.6
1 (r + 3 ) − r
Tr = =
r (r + 1)( r + 2) ( r + 3) 3r (r + 1) ( r + 2) ( r + 3)
1 1
Tr = −
3r (r + 1 ) (r + 2 ) 3 (r + 1)(r + 2) (r + 3 )
1 1
T1 = −
3 ( 1.2.3) 3 ( 2.3.4)
1 1
T2 = −
3 (2.3.4) 3 ( 3.4.5 )
1 1
T3 = −
3 ( 3.4.5 ) 3 ( 4.5.6)

1 1
Tn = −
3n (n + 1) (n + 2 ) 3 (n + 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 3)

1  1 1 
Sn =  − 
3  1.2.3 (n + 1 ) (n + 2 ) (n + 3 ) 

1 1  1
S∞ =  − 0 =
3  1.2.3  18

1 1 1
+ + + ...
1· 3 · 5 3 · 5 · 7 5 · 7 · 9

1
Tr =
( 2r − 1 ) ( + 1) ( 2r + 3)
2r
(2r + 3 ) − (2r − 1 )
Tr =
4 ( 2r − 1) ( 2r + 1) ( 2r + 3 )
1 1
= −
4 (2r − 1) ( 2r + 1 ) 4 (2r + 1 ) (2r + 3 )

1 1
T1 = −
4 ( 1.3 ) 4 ( 3.5)
1 1
T2 = −
4 ( 3.5) 4 ( 5.7)
1 1
T3 = −
4 ( 5.7 ) 4 ( 7.9 )

:
:
1 1
Tn = −
4 (2n − 1 ) (2n + 1 ) 4 (2n + 1 ) ( 2n + 3 )

1  1 1 
Sn =  − 
4  3 ( 2n + 1) ( 2n + 3 ) 

1 1  1
S∞ =  − 0 =
4 3  12

3 4 5
+ + + ...
1.2.4 2.3.5 3.4.6
2
(r + 2 ) (r + 2 )
Tr = =
r (r + 1) ( r + 3) r (r + 1) ( r + 2) ( r + 3)
(r + 1)( r + 3) + 1
=
r (r + 1)( r + 2) ( r + 3)
1 1
= +
r (r + 2) r (r + 1) ( r + 2) ( r + 3)
(r + 2 ) − r (r + 3 ) − r
= +
2r (r + 2 ) 3r (r + 1) (r + 2 ) (r + 3 )
1 1 1 1
= − + −
2r 2 (r + 2 ) 3r (r + 1)(r + 2) 3 (r + 1 )(r + 2) (r + 3 )
1 1 1 1
T1 = − + −
2 ( 1) 2 ( 3) 3 ( 1.2.3) 3 ( 2.3.4)
1 1 1 1
T2 = − + −
2 (2 ) 2 ( 4) 3 ( 2.3.4) 3 ( 3.4.5 )
1 1 1 1
T3 = − + −
2 ( 3) 2 ( 5 ) 3 ( 3.4.5 ) 3 ( 4.5.6)


1 1 1 1
Tn−1 = − + −
2 (n − 1) 2 (n + 1) 3 (n − 1) n (n + 1) 3n (n + 1) (n + 2 )
1 1 1 1
Tn = − + −
2 (n) 2 ( n + 2 ) 3n (n + 1) (n + 2 ) 3 (n + 1) (n + 2 )( n + 3)

1 1 1 1  1  1 1 
Sn = 1 + − − +  − 
2  2 n + 1 n + 2  3  6 (n + 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 3 ) 
1 1 1 1 3 1 29
r S∞ =  1 +  +   = + =
2 2  3  6  4 18 36

1 2 3 4
+ + + + ...
1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 1.3.5.7.9

r
Tr =
1.3.5.7... ( 2r + 1)

1  (2r + 1 ) − 1 
Tr =  
2  1.3.5.7 … (2r + 1 ) 

1  1 1 
Tr =  − 
2  1.3.5 … . (2r − 1) 3.5.7. (2r + 1 ) 

1 1 1 
 − 
2 1 3 
1 1 1 
 − 
2 1 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 5 
1 1 1 
 − 
2 1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7 
:
:
1  1 1 
 − 
2  1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 … (2n − 1 ) 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7 … (2n + 1 ) 

1  1 
sn = 1 − 
2  3.5.7. (2n + 1 ) 
1 1
S∞ = {1 − 0} =
2 2
1 1.3 1.3.5
Find S + + + ...
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8

Tr =
( )
1.3.5... 2r − 1
2.4.6... (2r + 2)

1.3.5 … (2r − 1) {(2r + 2) − (2r + 1)}

Tr =
2.4.6 … (2r + 2)

1.3.5 … (2r − 1) 1.3.5 … (2r + 1)

Tr = −
2.4.6 … (2r ) 2.4.6 … . ( 2r + 2)
r
1 1⋅3
−
2 2⋅4
1⋅3 1⋅3⋅5
−
2 ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅6
1⋅3⋅5 1⋅3⋅5⋅7
−
2 ⋅ 4 ⋅6 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅6 ⋅8
:
:
1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5... ( 2n − 1) 1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5... ( 2n + 1)
2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 6... (2n) 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 6... (2n + 2 )

Sn =
1 1.3.5... 2n + 1
–
( )
2 2.4.6... 2n + 2 ( )
Find the sum of the n terms of the sequence
1 2 3
+ + + ...
1+1 +1 2 4
1+2 +2
2 4
1 + 32 + 34

r r
Tr = =
1 + r2 + r4 ( 1 + r + r2 ) ( 1 − r + r2 )

Tr =
(r 2
+ r + 1) − ( r2 − r + 1)
2 ( 1 + r + r2 ) ( 1 − r + r2 )
1 1
Tr = −
2 ( 1 − r + r2 ) 2 ( 1 + r + r2 )

1 1
−
2 ( 1) 2 ( 3 )
1 1
−
2 ( 3) 2 ( 7 )
1 1
−
2 ( 7 ) 2 ( 13)
:
1 1
−
2 ( 1 − n + n2 ) 2 ( 1 + n + n2 )

1 1 
Sn = 1 − 
2  1 + n + n2 
1 1
S∞ = {1 − 0} =
2 2
∞ 2x x
Let f(x) denote the sum of the in nite trigonometric series, f(x) = ∑ 3n= 1
sin
3n
.n
.sin

Find f(x) (independent of n). If the sum of the solution of the equation f(x) = 0 lie
π, nd k

x
f =θ
3n
sin2θ.sinθ = 2sin2 θ cosθ

(
= 2 1 − cos2 θ cosθ )
= 2cosθ − 2cos3 θ
1
= 4cosθ − 4cos3 θ
2 
1
=
2
(
cosθ − 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ 
 )
1
= cosθ − cos3θ 
2
2x x 1 x 1 x
Tn = sin .sin n = cos n − cos n− 1
3n
3 2 3 2 3
r
1 x 1
cos − cosx
2 3 2
1 x 1 x
cos 2 − cos
2 3 2 3

1 x 1 x
cos 3 − cos 2
2 3 2 3
:
:
1 x 1 x
cos n − cos n−1
2 3 2 3
1 x 
Sn =  cos n − cosx 
2 3 
1 1
⇒ S∞ = ( cos0 − cosx ) = ( 1 − cosx ) = f ( x )
2 2
f ( x ) = 0 ⇒ cosx = 1
⇒ x = 2π, 4π, ...200π
2π ( 1 + 2 + ... + 100)
100.101
2π ⇒ k = 5050
2

M
composed of r factors in AP. the rst

Tr = r (r + 1) ( r + 2) (r + 3)
1
Tr = r (r + 1)( r + 2) ( r + 3) {( r + 4) − (r − 1)}
5
1 1
Tr = r (r + 1)( r + 2) ( r + 3) (r + 4) − (r − 1) r (r + 1) (r + 2 ) (r + 3)
5 5
1 1
( 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 ) − (0 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 )
5 5
1 1
(2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6) − ( 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5)
5 5
1 1
( 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 7 ) − (2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6 )
5 5
⋮
1 1
n (n + 1 ) (n + 2 )(n + 3 ) (n + 4 ) − (n − 1) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3 )
5 5

1
Sn = n (n + 1 ) (n + 2 )(n + 3 )
5
M M
De nition
1 1 1 1 M
M , , , …,
a a + d a + 2d a + n − 1d

r
If the term of a HP is not de ned this means

There is no general formula for nding the

M
R M
2ac a a −b
b= or =
a+c c b−c

1 1 3
R M , , respectively, nd
3 5 203

1 1 1
T3 = ⇒ = ⇒ a + 2d = 3
3 a + 2d 3
1 1 1
T6 = ⇒ = ⇒ a + 5d = 5
5 a + 5d 5
3 1 3 203
Tn = ⇒ = ⇒ a + (n − 1) d =
203 a + (n − 1) d 203 3
⇒ ⇒
4 5
a = 3 − 2d = 3 − =
3 3
5 2 203
+ (n − 1 ) = ⇒ (n − 1) 2 = 198 ⇒ n = 100
3 3 3

th
R M (m + n )
mn
m+n

1
Tm = n ⇒ a + (m − 1) d =
n
1
Tn = m ⇒ a + (n − 1) d =
m
n−m 1
(n − m) d = ⇒d=
mn mn
1 1 1 1 1
⇒ a + (m − 1) ⇒a+ − = ⇒a=
nm n mn n mn
1 mn mn
Tm+n = = =
a + (m + n − 1) d 1 + (m + n − 1) m + n

R a1 , a2 , a3 , ...an M
a 1a2 + a2a 3 + a3a4 + ... + an−1an = (n − 1) a 1an

1 1 1 1
, , , ...,
a1 a2 a3 an
1 1 1 1 1 1
d= − = − = .... = −
a2 a1 a 3 a 2 an a n − 1
a 1 − a2 a 2 − a 3 a − an
d= = = .... = n−1
a1a2 a 2a3 an−1an
a 1 − a2 a 2 − a 3 a − an
a1a2 + a2a 3 + ... + an−1an = + + ... + n−1
d d d
a 1 − an
=
d
1 1
= + (n − 1 ) d
an a 1
a 1 − an a − an
⇒ = (n − 1 ) d ⇒ 1 = (n − 1) a1an
a1an d

a 1a 2 + a2a 3 + ... + an−1an = (n − 1 ) a 1an M

b+a b+c
If a, b, c are in H. P, nd the value of +
b−a b−c
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
1 1 1 1
− = − = d (let )
b a c b
a −b b −c
= =d
ab bc
b+a b+ c
now given exp. +
−abd bcd
1  −b b  1  1 1  2d
=  − 1 + + 1 ⇒ b −  = =2
bd  a c  bd c a d

M p rR p. r

n
H.M. =
1 1 1
+ + ... +
a 1 a2 an

R M

M M Mp
2ab
M M H= .
a+b

Mp
f H1 ,H2 , ...Hn are n HM’s between a and b
n
1 1
∑H
i=1
= n.
H
i

Hence sum of the reciprocals of all n HM’s

Mp

Find the HM between the roots of the equation x – 10x + 11 = 0

f α β α β αβ

α, β =
2
=
2 11( ) = 11
Mp
1 1 10 5
+
α β

100
1 1
100
Mp ∑H =?
i= 1 i

1
Mp
100
 1 
2 ( 1)  
2ab  100  = 2
H= =
a +b 1 101
1+
100
100
1 1 101
∑ H = 100. H = 100. 2 = 5050
i= 1 i

R p p Mp

b+c
a= ⇒
2
b2 = ac ⇒ b2 = a (2a − b )
b2 − a2 = a (a − b )
(b − a ) (b + a ) = a ( a − b) ⇒ a = b or b + a = −a
b = −2a
R c = 2a − a = a
∴ ⇒ Mp
R
2ab 2a ( −2a )
= = 4a = c ⇒ Mp
a + b a + ( −2a )

R a2 ,b2 , c2 M

∵ a2 ,b2 , c2

1 1 1
⇒ , ,
b+c c+ a a +b
⇒ M

15 18
The values of xyz is according as the series a, x, y, z, b is an
2 5
or HP. Find the values of a & b assuming them to be positive

15
If a, x, y, z, b in AP⇒ xyz =
2

7
b, z, y, x, a also AP

1 z y x 1
, , , ,
a ab ab ab b
ab ab ab
⇒ a, , , ,b M
z y x
ab ab ab 18
. . =
z y x 5
3 18 18 15
⇒ ( ab ) = xyz = . = 27
5 5 2
⇒ ( ab ) = 33 ⇒ ab = 3
3

If the roots of 10x – cx – 54x – 27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then

nd c and al

f α β γ M
1 1 1 10 c 54
, , − − − 27 = 0
α β γ x 3 x2 x

1
= a −d
α
⇒ 27x3 + 54x2 + cx − 10 = 0 1
=a
β
1
=a+d
γ
−54 −2
= = −2 ⇒ a =
27 3
10
= a ( a2 − d2 ) =
27
−2  4 2 10 4 5
⇒  −d  = ⇒ − d2 = −
3 9  27 9 9
⇒ ⇒ d = ±1
1 −2 1 −2 1 −2
= ± 1, = , = 1
α 3 β 3 γ 3
 −3 −3   −3 −3 
( )
α, β, γ ≡  3, , or ,
 2 5   5 2 
,3

8
If the roots of the equation a(b – c)x + b(c – a)x + c(a – b) = 0
M

Clearly x = 1 is a root hence both roots are 1, 1

c ( a − b)
r 1.1 =
a (b − c )
⇒
⇒
2ac
⇒
a+c
⇒ M

p p Mp
R
≥ ≥M M M
R p ≥ p≥ p ≥ Mp

a b c 3
R + + ≥
b + c c + a a +b 2

a b c 3
+ + ≥
b + c c + a a +b 2
a b c 3
⇒ +1+ +1+ +1≥ +3
b+c c+a a+b 2
a +b+c a +b+c a +b+c 9
⇒ + + ≥
b+c c+a a +b 2

1 1 1 9
⇒ + + ≥
b + c c + a a + b 2 (a + b + c)
Now, using A.M. ≥ H.M., we have
1 1 1
+ +
b + c c + a a +b ≥ 3
3 ( a + b ) ( + c ) + (c + a )
+ b
1 1 1 9
⇒ + + ≥
b + c c + a a + b 2 (a + b + c)

9
.r. f Rff R r

a−x a−y a−z

R = = and p, q, r are in AP then prove that x, y, z are M
px qy rz

a−x a−y a−z

= = = k (let )
px qy rz
a−x a−y a −z
= p, = q, =r
kx ky kz

2q = p + r
a − y a − x a −z
2 = +
 ky  kx kz

2a  1 a a 
⇒  − 1  =  − 1 + − 1
ky  k  x z 
2 1 1
⇒ = + ⇒ x, y, z M
y x z

R a x = by = cz = dw and a, b, c, d are in GP then prove that x, y, z, w

M

f a x = by = cz = dw = k ( let )
1 1 1 1
⇒ a = k x ,b = k y , c = k z , d = k w
1 1 1 1
∵ k x , k y ,k z ,k w
1 1 1 1
∴ , , ,
x y z w
⇒ x, y, z, w are in HP

R M an + cn > 2bn

M
Mp
p Mp
( )
n
ac > b ⇒ ac > bn

p p
an + cn 1
an + cn
> ( ancn ) 2 ⇒ ( )
n
> ac
2 2

0
an + cn
> bn ⇒ an + cn > 2bn
2
R M
p r a c
+ = +
r p c a

⇒
2pr
M ⇒ q=
p+r

⇒ b2q2 = ap.cr
2 2
 a + c   2pr 
⇒     = ac.pr
 2  p + r
a c p r
⇒ + = +
c a r p

R he roots of equation x – 11x + 36x – 36 = 0 are in H. P. nd the middle

f α β γ M
1 1 1 1 11 36
, , − + − 36 = 0
α β γ x 3 x2 x

36 1 1
3a = = 1⇒ a = =
36 3 β
∴ β

61.
62
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Direction :
Write the first five terms of each of the sequence whose nth term is (Q.1 to Q.2)
1. an = 2n
Sol. Given an = 2n.
 a1 = 21 = 2, a2 = 22 = 4, a3 = 23 = 8,
a4 = 24 = 16 and a5 = 25 = 32
Hence, the first five terms of the sequence in reference are 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32

 n2  5 
2. an  n  
 4 

 2

Sol. Given a n  n  n  5 
 4 

 12  5  6 3  2 2  5  18 9
 a1  1   , a 2  2  
 4  4 2  4  4 2

 32  5  42 21  42  5 
a3  3   , a 4  4   21 and
 4  4 2  4 

 52  5  150 75
a5  5   ,
 4  4 2

3 9 21 75
Hence the first five terms of the sequence in reference are , , ,21 and
2 2 2 2

3. The Fibonacci sequence is defined by 1 = a1 = a2 and an = an–1 + an–2, n > 2.

a n 1
Find for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
an

Sol. Given a1 = a2 = 1 and an = an–1 + an–2 for n > 2. Substituting n = 3, 4, 5, we get

a3 = a1 + a2 = 1 + 1 = 2, a4 = a3 + a2 = 2 + 1 = 3
a5 = a4 + a3 = 3 + 2 = 5 and a6 = a5 + a4 = 5 + 3 = 8
a n 1 a 2 1 a n 1 a 3 2
Hence, for n = 1,    1; for n = 2,    2;
an a1 1 an a2 1

a n 1 a 4 3 a n 1 a 5 5
for n = 3,   for n = 4,   and
an a3 2 an a4 3

a n 1 a 6 8
for n = 5,   .
an a5 5

63
Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
11
4. How many terms of the A.P. – 6,  , 5 ........ are needed to give the sum –25 ?
2

Sol. The given A.P. is –6,  11 , 5.......

2

11 1
Here, first term = –6 and common difference =   (6) 
2 2

n 1 n(n  1) n
Let Sn = –25   2  ( 6)  (n 1)   25  6n   25  Sn  {2a  (n  1)d}
2 2 4 2

 –24n + n2 – n = –100  n2 – 25n + 100 = 0 (multiplying throughout by 4)

25  (25)2  4  1100 25  225 25  15

 n    20,5
2 1 2 2
Henve, we need either 5 terms or 20 terms to make the sum –25.

5. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is (pn + qn2), where p and q are constants, find the common difference.
Sol. Given Sn = pn + qn2
Changing n to n – 1
Sn – 1 = p(n – 1) + q(n – 1)2
Substracting (ii) from (i), we obtain
Sn – Sn–1 = pn – p(n – 1) + qn2 – q(n – 1)2
 Tn = pn – pn + p + qn2 – qn2 – q + 2qn
 Tn = p – q + 2q n
Changing n to n – 1, we have
Tn – 1 = p – q + 2q (n – 1)
Subtracting (iv) from (i), we get
Tn – Tn–1 = 2qn – 2q (n – 1) = 2q,
which is constant independent of n.
Hence, the series in reference is anA.P., with common difference = 2q.

6. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n2 + 5n and its mth term is 164, find the value of m.
Sol. Given Sn = 3n2 + 5n .....(i)
Changing n to n – 1
Sn–1 = 3 (n – 1)2 + 5 (n – 1) .....(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
Sn – Sn – 1 = 3n2 – 3(n – 1)2 + 5n – 5 (n – 1) = 3n2 – 3(n2 – 2n + 1) + 5n – 5n + 5 = 6n + 2
i.e. Tn = 6n + 2 .....(iii)
Hence Tm = 6m + 2 = 164 ( Sn = Sn – 1 + Tn) (given)
162
 6m = 164 – 2  m =  27.
6

64

Never will you have this day again , so make it count

7. Between 1 and 31, m numbers have been inserted in such a way that the ratio of 7th and (m – 1) th
numbers is 5 : 9. Find the value of m.
Sol. Let the m numbers between 1 and 31 be A1, A2, A3, ..... Am, then 1, A1, A2,A3, ......Am, 31 are in A.P.
Here, 31 is (m + 2)th term of this A.P.
 31 = 1 + {(m + 2) – 1} d where d is the common difference
30
 30 = (m + 1)d  d  .....(i)
m 1

7th number 5 A 5 1  7d 5
It is given that   7   
(m  1)th number 9 A m1 9 31  2d 9

 9 + 63d = 155 – 10d  73d = 146

( Am = Am – 1 + d and 31 = Am + d  31 = Am–1 + d + d)
146
 d 2
73

30
From (i) and (ii), we get 2  2m  2  30  2m  28  m  14.
m 1
8. The difference any two consecutive interior angles of a polygon is 5o. If the smallest angle is 120o, Find
the number of the sides of the polygon.
Sol. Let the number of sides of the polygon be n, then the sum of all exterior angles = 360o and sum of all
interior angles
= 180o n – 360o.
Also, smallest angle = 120o and the angles form theA.P. 120o, 125o, 130o, ..............., 120o + (n – 1) 5o
(There are n interior angles)
Since the sum of all the angles = 180o.n – 360o
 120o + 125o + 130o + ......... upto n terms = 180o (n – 2)
n
 {2 × 120o + (n – 1)5o} = 180o (n – 2)  240n + 5n (n – 1) = 360n – 720
2
 48 + n(n – 1) = 72n – 720  n2 – 25n + 144 = 0 (Dividing throughout by5)

25  625  4 1 144 25  49 25  7
 n    16,9.
2 1 2 2
If n = 16, then the greatest angle becomes 120o + (16 – 1) 5 = 195o > 180o, which is not possible.
Hence, n = 9. ( An interior angle of a polygon is always < 180o)

9. The 4th term of a G.P. is square of its second term and the first term is –3. Determine its 7th term.
Sol. Here, the first term = –3
Let 'r' be the common ratio.
 T4 = (T2)2
 (–3) r4–1 = (–3 r2–1)2  –3r3 = 9r2  r = 3.
Hence, 7th term = (–3)r7–1 = (–3) (–3)6 = (–3)7 = –37 = – 2187.

65
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
11
10. Evaluate  (2  3k ).
k 1

11
Sol. Now 
k 1
(2  3k ) = (2 + 31) + (2 + 32) + (2 + 33) + ........ + (2 + 311)

= (2 + 2 + 2 + ......... upto 11 terms) + (3 + 32 + 33 + ..... + 311)

3(1  311 ) 3(311  1) 3
= 2 × 11 +  22   22  (311  1)
1 3 3 1 2

3  311 3  3 1 41 312
= 22     22     312  
2 2  2 2 2 2

11. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a G.P. are x, y and z respectively. Prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
Sol. Let the G.P. be a, ar, ar2
4th term = ar3  x = ar3 .....(i)
th
then 10 term = ar  9 x = ar 9 .....(ii)
th
16 term = ar 15  z = ar 15 .....(iii)
Multiplying (i) and (iii), we get
xz = a2 r3 r15  xz = a2 r18 = (ar9)2
 xz = y2  x, y, z are in G.P. (using(ii))

12. Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the sequences a, ar, ar2, .....arn–1 and A,AR, AR2,
..... ARn–1 form a G.P. and find the common ratio.
Sol. The two sequences are a, ar, ar2, ........ and A, AR, AR2, ..........
When we multiply the corresponding terms, we get sequence aA, aA rR, aA r2R2, ..........
which is G.P. with common ratio rR.

13. Insert two number between 3 and 81 so that the resulting sequence is G.P.
Sol. Let the numbers be g1 and g2, then 3, g1, g2, 81 are in G.P.
Let r be the common ratio of this G.P.
Now 81 = 4th term of the above G.P.
81 3
 81 = 3r4–1  r  r = (27)1/3 = 3
3
 g1 = 3r = 3 × 3 = 9 and g2 = 3r2 = 3 × 32 = 27. ( g1 is second term of the
G.P.)
14. The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If there were 30 bacteria present in the
culture originally, how many bacteria will be present at the end of 2nd hour, 4th hour and nth hour?
Sol. Number of bacterias at the end of successive hours form the G.P.
30 × 2, 30 × 22 , 30 × 23, ......
 Number of bacteria at the end of
(i) 2nd hour = 30 × 22 = 120
(ii) 4nd hour = 30 × 24 = 480
(iii) nth hour = 30 × 2n.
66

The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
15. If A.M. and G.M. of roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5 respectively, then obtain the quadratic
equation.
 
Sol. Let the roots be  and , then  8 and   5     = 16 and  = 25
2
 Required quadratic equation x2 – 16x + 25 = 0.

16. Find : 52 + 62 + 72 + .... + 202

Sol. 52 + 62 + 7 2 + ....... + 202 = (12 + 22 + 32 + .... + 202) – (12 + 22 + 32 + 42)
20 4
20(20  1)(2  20  1) 4(4  1)(2  4  1)
 n2   n 2 
n 1 n 1 6

6

20  21 41 4  5  9
   2870  30  2840.
6 6

17. Find : 12 + (13 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + .................

Sol. Given series is 12 + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + ..........
Let Tn denote the nth term, then
n(n  1)(2n  1)
Tn = 12 + 22 + 32 + upto n terms = n2 =
6

 1
Tn  (2n 3  3n 2  n}
6

1 1   n 2 (n  1)2   n(n  1)(2n  1)  n(n  1) 

 Sn  (2n 3  3n 2  n)  2    3  
6 6   4   6  2 

1  n 2 (n  1)2 n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)  n(n  1)

= 6    {n(n  1)  2n  1  1}
 2 2 2  62

n(n  1) 2 n(n  1)(n  1)(n  2) n(n  1)(n  2)

 {n  3n  2}  
12 12 12

18. If Tn = n(n + 1) (n + 4) find Sn

Sol. Here, Tn = n(n + 1) (n + 4)
= n(n2 + 5n + 4)
= n3 + 5n2 + 4n
 Sn = n3 + 5n2 + 4n

n 2 (n  1) 2 5n(n  1)(2n  1) 4n(n  1) n(n  1)  n(n  1) 5(2n  1) 

=       4
4 6 2 2  2 3 

n(n  1)  3n 2  3n  20n  10  24  n(n  1)(3n 2  23n  34) n(n  1)(n  2)(3n  17)
=   
2  6  12 12

67

Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet

19. If Tn = (2n – 1)2 find Sn
Sol. Given Tn = (2n – 1)2 = 4n2 – 4n + 1.
Substituting n = 1, 2, 3, ......, we get
T1 = 4 × 12 – 4 × 1 + 1
T2 = 4 × 22 – 4 × 2 + 1
T3 = 4 × 32 – 4 × 3 + 1

Tn = 4 × n2 – 4 × n + 1
Adding these, we get
Sn = 4n2 – 4n + n
 n(n  1)(2n  1)   n(n  1)   2(n  1)(2n  1) 
= 4   4   n  n  2(n  1)  1
 6   2   3 

 4n 2  6n  2  6n  6  3  n(4n 2  1) n(2n  1)(2n  1)

= n 3

3

3
 

20. Find the sum of all two digit numbers which when divided by 4, yield 1 as temainder.
Sol. Required sum = 13 + 17 + 21 + ...... + 97,
which is anA.P. with common difference 4. Let n be the number of terms in thisA.P. then
88
97 = 13 + (n – 1) × 4  4n = 97 – 13 + 4  n =  22
4

22 n
 Required sum = {13  97}  11(110)  1210. (a  )
2 2

21. The first term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of the third term and fifth term is 90. Find the common ratio of G.P.
Sol. Here 'a' = 1 and T3 + T5 = 90
 ar2 + ar4 = 90  r2 + r4 = 90
 (r4 + r2 – 90) = 0  (r2 + 10) (r2 – 9) = 0
 r2 = 9
 r =  3.
Hence the common ratio of the G.P. is either –3 or 3.

22. A person writes a letter to four of his friends. He asks each one of them to copythe letter and mail to four
different persons with instructionthat theymove the chain similarly.Assuming that the chain is not broken
and that it costs 50 paise to mail one letter, find the amount spent on the postage when 8th set of
letter is mailed.
Sol. Total number of letters posted = 4 + 4 × 4 + 4 × 4 + ........ upto 8 terms = 4 + 42 + 43 + ...... upto 8
terms
4{48  1} 4
=  (65536  1)  4  21845  87380
4 1 3

1
 Total amount spent on the postage = Rs × 87380 = Rs. 43690
2

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Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus

23. A manufacturer reckons that the value of a machine, which costs hm Rs. 15625, will depreciate each
year by 20%.
Find the estimated value at the end of 5 years.
 20  4
Sol. Cost at the end of one year = Rs 15625 1    Rs 15625
 100  5
2
20   20  4 
Cost at the end of two year = Rs 15625 1  1   Rs 15625 
100   100   
5 
  
2
 4
 Cost at the end of 5 years = Rs 15625   = Rs 5 × 45 = Rs (5 × 1024) = 5120.
5

24. Find the sum of all the even positive integers less than 200 which are not divisible by 6.
Sol. The required sum = (2 + 4) + (8 + 10) + (14 + 16) + ........ + (194 + 196)
= 1 × 6 + 3 × 6 + 5 × 6 + ....... + 65 × 6
= 6(1 + 3 + 5 + .......... + 65)
= 6  32 (1  65)  6  33  33  6534
2

25. Find the sum 12 + 32 + 52 + ........ + (2n – 1)2.

Sol. We can write the sum in the form
Sn = {12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ..... + (2n – 1)2 + (2n)2} – {22 + 42 + ....... + (2n)2}
2n n
2n(2n  1)(4n  1) 4n(n  1)(2n  1) n(4n 2  1)

k 1
k 2  4 k 2 
k 1 6

6

3

n
r 2  2r  1
26. If Sn = 
r 1 2r 1
then find the value of S .

n
r 2  2r  1 r 2  2r  1
Sol. Sn =  ; Tr 
r 1 21 2 r 1
Try to split Tr in two parts such that
Tr = f(r) – f(r + 1)
r 2 (r  1) 2
 Tr   r 1
2r 2

12 2 2
T1  
2 22

2 2 32
T2  
2 2 23
32 42
T3  
23 2 4
n 2 (n  1) 2
Tn   n 1
2n 2
1 (n  1) 2
Sn = T1 + T2 + ........ + Tn =  n 1
2 2
1
S 
2

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Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

27. Let a, b and c be three positive numbers than prove that (a + b + c)
1 1 1
   9
a b c
Sol. We know that for positive numbers
AM  HM
a  b c 3
 
3 1 1 1
 
a b c

1 1 1
 (a + b + c)      9
a b c

1 1 3
28. Let f(x) = x5 + x3 + 5x2 + 7
 8   1 be a function defined for positive values of x, then find the least
x x x
value of f(x).
Sol. x is positive thats why we can think about AM  GM
1 1 3
f(x) = x5 + x3 + 5x2 +   1
x 7 x8 x
1 1 1 1 1
= x5 + x 3 + x 2 + x2 + x2 + x 2 + x 2 + 7
 8    1
x x x x x
(split always in equal parts)
f (x)
  (1)1/13 (using AM  GM)
3
f(x)  13

29. Find the sum of the series.

1 + 3.2 + 5.22 + 7.23 + ....... + (2n – 1) 2n–1
Sol. Sn = 1 + 3.2 + 5.22 + 7.23 + .......... + (2n – 1) 2n–1 .....(i)
2Sn = 2 + 3.22 + 5.23 + ..... + (2n – 3). 2n–1 + (2n – 1 ) 2n .....(ii)
subtracting (ii) from (i) we get
– Sn = 1 + 2.2 + 2.22 + 2.23 .................... + 2.2n–1 – (2n – 1) 2n
4(2 n 1  1)
– Sn = 1   (2n  1)2 n
2 1
Sn = (2n – 1) 2n – 2n+1 + 3 = 2n+1 (n – 1) – 2n + 3

30. Find the sum of the series

1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ................. up to n terms
Sol. Sn = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ...................... + Tn
Sn = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 ....................... + Tn–1 + Tn
0 = 1 + (2 + 4 + 6 + ................ up to n – 1) – Tn
 Tn = 1 + n(n – 1) = n2 – n + 1
Sn = Tn = n2 – n + 1
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)
  n
6 2
n 3  2n

3

70

Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”

PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1 A sequence is given by the formula of its nth term : an = 10 – 3n. Prove that an is an arithmetic progression.
2. Let an = n2 + 1 and bn is defined bn = an+1 – an.
Show that {bn} is an arithmetic sequence.
3. Prove that if the numbers logk x, logm x and logn x(x  1) from an arithmetic progression then
n2 = (kn )logk m .
4. The sum of three numbers inA.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find the numbers.
5. Find four numbers in A.P. such that their sum is 50 and the greatest of them is 4 times the least.
6. How many terms are identical in the two arithmetic progressions 2, 4, 6, 8,..... up to 100 terms and 3, 6,
9,..... upto 80 terms.
7. The sum of n terms of two A.P.'s are in the ratio (3n – 13) : (5n + 21). Find the ratio of their 24th terms.
8. Suppose a1, a2,..... are in A.P. and Sk denotes the sum of the first k terms of this A.P. If Sn/Sm = n4/m4
am1 (2m 1)3
for all m, n  N, then prove that  .
an1 (2n 1)3

9. In an A.P. of 99 terms, the sum of all the odd numbered terms is 2550. Then find the sum of all the
99 terms of the A.P.
10. Find the degree of the expression (1 + x)(1 + x6)(1 + x11).....(1 + x101).

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers, which are divisible by 7.
2. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the A.P., a1, a2, a3,......, if it is known that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 +
a24 = 225.
3. If the arithmetic progression whose common difference is non-zero, the sum of first 3n terms is equal to
the sum of next n terms. Then, find the ratio of the sum of the first 2n terms to the sum of next 2n terms.
4. Insert three arithmetic means between 3 and 19.
5. If eleven A.M.'s are inserted between 28 and 10, then find the number of integral A.M.'s.
6. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means so that the ratio of the 7th and (m – 1)th means is
5 : 9. Find the value of m.
7. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of the mth and nth terms
is (2m – 1) : (2n – 1).
8. If a, b, c, d are distinct integers in an A.P. such that d = a2 + b2 + c2, then find the value of a + b +c +d.
9. If the third and fourth terms of an arithmetic sequence are increased by 3 and 8 respectively, then the first
four terms form a geometric sequence. Find
(i) The sum of the first four terms of A.P. (ii) The second term of the G.P.
10. Three positive numbers from a G.P. If the second term is increased by 8, the resulting sequence is anA.P.
In turn, if we increase the last term of this A.P. by 64, we get a G.P. Find the three numbers.

71

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

PROFICIENCY TEST-03
Fifth term of a G.P. is 2. Find the product of its first nine terms.
2. Three numbers are in G.P. If we double the middle term, we get anA.P. Then find the common ratio of
the G.P.
3. Determine the number of terms in a G.P., if a1 = 3, an = 96 and Sn = 189.
4. Prove that 61/2 × 61/4 × 61/8 .....  = 6.
6
5. Find  2  3i
i 1

6. Find the sum of n terms of the series 2 + 22 + 222 + .....

7. If x = 1 + a + a2 + a3 +..... and y = 1 + b + b2 + b3 +..... , show that
xy
1 + ab + a2b2 + a3b3 +.....  = , where 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1.
x  y 1

1 1 1
8. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then prove that 2 2
 2 2
 2.
(G  x ) (G  y ) G
9. Find two numbers whose arithmetic mean is 34 and the geometric mean is 16.
10. If a is the A.M. of b & c, and the two geometric means between b & c are G1 and G2, then prove that
G13 + G23 = 2abc.

PROFICIENCY TEST-04
  (n11)  


Let P =  10  then find log0.01 (P).

2 
1 
n 1  
2. TheA.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the G.M. by 5, and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by 4.
Find the numbers.
35
3. If the sum to infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ...... is then find x.
16
4. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +.....
5. Evaluate 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + 35 + .....
6. Find the sum of n-terms 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .....
7. If a, b, c, d are four positive real numbers such that abcd = 1,
Prove that (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c) (1 + d)  16.
8. If x, y, z be positive numbers, show that (x + y + z)3  27 xyz.
9. If n is positive integer, show that 22n+ 1 > 1 + (2n + 1)2n.
10. In the equation x4 + px3 + qx2 + rx + 5 = 0 has four positive real roots, then find the minimum value of
pr.

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Take your Dreams seriously

PROFICIENCY TEST-05

3n 1
1. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 3 – 2n , then find the common ratio.
4
2. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next two terms.
Then find the common ratio.
3. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d)2  0, then prove that a, b, c are in G.P.
4. If first three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms are in
harmonic series, then find the value of a and b.
5. If H is the harmonic mean between P and Q, then find the value of H/P + H/Q.

a 2  d 2
6. If a, b, c and d are in H.P., then find the value of .
b 2  c 2
7. If a, a1, a2, a3,....., a2n, b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,....., g2n, b are in G.P. and h is the H.M. of a and b,
then prove that
a1  a 2n a 2  a 2n 1 a n  a n 1 2n
 +.....+ 
g1g 2n g 2g 2n 1 g n g n 1 h
8. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of
a b c
their reciprocals, then prove that , and are in H.P..
c a b
  
1
9. Find the value of  3 3 3
i 0 j0 k 0
i j k
.
(i  j k)

1 1 44
10. If the sum to infinity of the series 3 + (3 + d) + (3 + 2d) 2 + .....  is , then find d.
4 4 9

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Do something today that your future self will thank you for
ELEMENTARY EXERCISES
EXERCISE FROM HALL & KNIGHT BOOK

EXERCISE - IV (A)
1 1
1. Sum 2, 3 , 4 , ....... to 20 terms
4 2
2. Sum 49, 44, 39, ..... to 17 terms.

2 7
3. Sum 3 , , , ..... to 19 terms
4 3 12

7 2
4. Sum 3, , 1 , ....... to n terms.
3 3
5. Sum 3.75, 3.5, 3.25, ...... to 16 terms.

1 1
6. Sum – 7 , –7, –6 , ....... to 24 terms.
2 2
7. Sum 1.3, – 3.1, –7.5, ....... to 10 terms.

12
8. Sum  6 , 3 3 , , ..... to 50 terms.
3 3

9. Sum 3 , 4 , 5 , ...... to 25 terms.

5 5

10. Sum a – 3b, 2a – 5b, 3a – 7b , ..... to 40 terms.

11. Sum 2a – b, 4a – 3b, 6a – 5b,....... to n terms.

ab
12. Sum , a , 3a – b , ....... to 21 terms.
2 2

1 3
13. Insert 19 arithmetic means between and – 9 .
4 4

1 1
14. Insert 17 arithmetic means between 3 and – 41 .
2 2

15. Insert 18 arithmetic means between – 35x and 3x.

16. Insert x arithmetic means between x2 and 1.
17. Find the sum of the first n odd numbers.
18. In an A.P. the first term is 2, the last term 29, the sum 155; find the difference.
19. The sum of 15 terms of anA.P. is 600, and the common difference is 5; find the first term.

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Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
20. The third term of an A.P. is 18, and the seventh term is 30; find the sum of 17 terms.
21. The sum of three numbers inA.P. is 27, and their product is 504; find them.
22. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 12, and the sum of their cubes is 408; find them.
23. Find the sum of 15 terms of the series whose nth term is 4n + 1.

p
24. Find the sum of 35 terms of the series whose pth term is + 2.
7

n
25. Find the sum of p terms of the series whose nth term is + b.
a

2
3
Find the sum of n terms of the series 2a – 1 , 4a – , 6a – 5 ,......
2
26.
a a a

EXERCISE - IV (B)
1. Given a = – 2, d = 4 and s = 160, find n.
2. How many terms of the series 12, 16, 20,... must be taken to make 208 ?
3. In anA.P. the third term is four times the first term, and the sixth term is 17; find the series.

3 1 1
4. The 2nd , 31st and last terms of an A.P. are 7 , and – 6 respectively; find the first term and the
4 2 2
number of terms.
5. The 4th, 42nd, and last terms of an A.P. are 0, –95 and – 125 respectively; find the term and the number
of terms.
6. A man arranges to pay off a debt of £ 3600 by 40 annual instalments which form an arithmetic series.
When 30 of the instalments are paid he dies leaving a third of the debt unpaid : find the value of the first
instalment.

1
7. Between two numbers whose sum is 2 an even number of arithmetic means is inserted ; the sum of
6
these means exceeds their number by unity : how many means are there ?
8. The sum of n terms of the series 2, 5, 8,.... is 950 : find n.

1 1 1
9. Sum the series , , ..... to n terms.
1 x 1 – x 1 – x
10. If the sum of 7 terms is 49, and the sum of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of n terms.
11. If the pth, q th, rth terms of an A.P. are a, b, c respectively, show that
(q – r) a + (r – p) b + (p – q) c = 0.
12. The sum of p terms of an A.P. is q, and the sum of q terms is p; find the sum of p + q terms.
13. The sum of four integers inA.P. is 24, and their product is 945; find them.

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The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”

14. Divide 20 into four parts which are in A.P. and such that the product of the first and fourth is to the
product of the second and third in the ratio of 2 to 3.
15. The pth term of an A.P. is q, and the qth term is p; find the mth term.
16. How many terms of the series 9,12,15,..... must be taken to make 306 ?
17. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 2n + 3n2, find the rth term.
18. If the sum of m terms of an A.P. is to the sum of n terms as m2 to n2, show that the mth term is to the nth
term as 2m – 1 is to 2n – 1.
19. Prove that the sum of an odd number of terms inA.P. is equal to the middle term multiplied by the number
of terms.
20. If s = n (5n – 3) for all values of n, find the pth term.
21. The number of terms in anA.P. is even; the sum of the odd terms is 24, of the even terms 30, and the last
1
term exceeds the first by 10 , find the number of terms.
2
22. There are two sets of numbers each consisting of 3 terms in A.P. and the sum of each set is 15. The
common difference of the first set is greater by 1 than the common difference of the second set, and the
product of the first set is to the product of the second set as 7 to 8 : find the numbers.
23. Find the relation between x and y in order that the rth mean between x and 2y may be the same as the rth
mean between 2x and y, n means being inserted in each case.
24. If the sum of an A.P. is the same for p as for q terms, show that its sum of p + q terms is zero.

EXERCISE - V (A)
1 1 2
1. Sum , , , ....... to 7 terms.
2 3 9

1 1
2. Sum – 2, 2 , – 3 , ....... to 6 terms.
2 8

3 1
3. Sum , 1 , 3, ....... to 8 terms
4 2
4. Sum 2, –4, 8, ....... to 10 terms.
5. Sum 16 · 2, 5 · 4, 1 · 8, ....... to 7 terms.
6. Sum 1, 5, 25, ....... to p terms.

16
7. Sum 3, –4, , ....... to 2n terms.
3

8. Sum 1, 3 , 3 , ....... to 12 terms.

1 8
9. Sum , – 2, , ....... to 7 terms.
2 2

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Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me

1 1 3
10. Sum – , , – , ....... to 7 terms.
3 2 4

1 4
11. Insert 3 geometric means between 2 and .
4 9

5 1
12. Insert 5 geometric means between 3 and 40 .
9 2

7
13. Insert 6 geometric means between 14 and  .
64

Sum the following series to infinity.

8 5
14. ,1, , ........
5 8

15. ·45, ·015, ·0005 , ....

16. 1·665, –1·11, ·74, .....

17. 3–1, 3–2, 3–3, ........

18. 3, 3 , 1, ..........

19. 7, 42 , 6, .......

20. The sum of the first 6 terms of a G.P. is 9 times the sum of the first 3 terms; find the common ratio.

21. The fifth terms of a G.P. is 81, and the second terms is 24, find the series.

22. The sum of a G.P. whose common ratio is 3 is 728, and the last term is 486; find the first term.

23. In a G.P. the first term is 7, the last term 448, and the sum 889; find the common ratio.

24. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 38, and their product is 1728; find them.

25. The continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216, and the sum of the product of them in pairs is
156; find the numbers.

26. If Sp denote the sum of the series 1 + rp + r2p + ....... ad inf,., and sp the sum of the series

1 – rp + r2p –..... ad inf., prove that Sp + sp = 2S2p

27. If the pth, qth, rrh terms of a G.P. be a, b, c respectively, prove that aq–r br–p cp–q = 1.

28. The sum of an infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 4, and the sum of their cubes is 192, find the series.

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Time once gone, is gone forever

EXERCISE - V (B)
1. Sum 1 + 2a + 3a2 + 4a3 + ...... to n terms.

3 7 15 31
2. Sum 1 +    + ...... to infinity..
4 16 64 256
3. Sum 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x3 + 9x4 + ....... to infinity.

2 3 4
4. Sum 1 +   + ...... to n terms.
2 22 23

3 5 7
5. Sum 1 +   + ........ to infinity..
2 4 8

6. Sum 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x3 + ...... to infinity.

7. Prove that the (n + 1)th term of a G.P., of which the first term is a and the third term b, is equal to the
(2n + 1)th term of a G.P. of whch the first is a and the fifth term b.

8. The sum of 2n terms of a G.P. whose first term is a and common ratio r is equal to the sum of n of a G.P.
whose first term is b and common ratio r2. Prove that b is equal to the sum of the first two terms of the
first series.

9. Find the sum of the infinite series 1 + (1 + b) r + (1 + b + b2)r2 + (1 + b + b2 + b3)r3 + ....., r and b being
proper fractions.

10. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 70; if the two extremes be multiplied each by 4, and the mean by 5,
the products are in A.P. , find the numbers.

11. The first two terms of an infinite G.P. are together equal to 5 and every term is 3 times the sum of all the
terms that follow it ; find the series.

Sum the following series:

12. x + a, x 2 + 2a, x3 + 3a ...... to n terms.

13. x(x + y) + x 2(x2 + y2) + x3(x3 + y3)...... to n terms.

1 1 1
14. a+ , 3a – , 5a + + ..... to 2p terms.
3 6 12

2 3 2 3 2 3
15.      + ....... to infinity..
3 32 33 34 35 36

4 5 4 5 4 5
16.       ....... to infinity..
7 7 2 7 3 7 4 75 7 6
17. If a, b, c, d be in G.P., prove that (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2 = (a – d)2.

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Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

18. If the arithmetic mean between a and b is twice as great as the geometric mean, show that

a:b=2+ 3:2– 3

19. Find the sum of n terms of the series the rth term of which is (2r + 1)2r.

20. Find the sum of 2n terms of a series of which every even term is a times the term before it, and every odd
term c times the term before it, the first being unity.

21. If Sn denote the sum of n terms of a G.P. whose first term is a, and common ratio r, find the sum of
S1, S3, S5, ..... S2n – 1.

22. If S1, S2, S3,........ Sp are the sums of infinite geometric series, whose first terms are 1, 2, 3,..... p, and
whose common ratios are :

1 1 1 1
, , , ....... respectively..
2 3 4 p 1

p
prove that S1 + S2 + S3 + ...... + Sp = (p + 3).
2

23. If r < 1 and positive, and m is a positive integer, show that (2m + 1)rm, (1 – r) < 1 – r2m+1. Hence show
that nrn is indefinitely small when n is indefinitely great.

EXERCISE - VI (A)
1. Find the fourth term in each of the following series :

1 1 1 1 1
(1) 2, 2 ,3 , ....... (2) 2, 2 ,3,.... (3) 2, 2 ,3 ,....
2 3 2 2 8
2. Insert two harmonic means between 5 and 11.

2 2
3. Insert four harmonic means between and .
3 13

3
4. If 12 and 9 are the geometric and haromonic means, respectively, between two numbers, find them.
5

5. If the harmonic mean between two quantities is to their geometric means as 12 to 13, prove that the
quantities are in the ratio of 4 to 9.

6. If a, b, c be in H.P., show that a : a – b = a + c : a – c

7. It the mth term of a H.P. be equal to n, and the nth term be equal to m, prove that the (m + n)th term is
mn
equal to .
mn
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Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

8. If the pth, qth, rth terms of a H.P. be a, b, c respectively, prove that (q – r) bc + (r – p) ca + (p – q)ab = 0.

1 1 1 1
9. If b is the haromonic mean between a and c, prove that    .
ba bc a c

Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is :

10. 3n2 – n

3
11. n3 + n
2
12. n(n + 2).

13. n2(2n + 3)

14. 3n – 2n

15. 3(4n + 2n2) – 4n2

16. If the (m + 1)th, (n + 1)th, and (r + 1)th terms of an A.P. are in G.P., and m, n, r are in H.P., show that the
2
ratio of the common difference to the first term in theA.P. is – .
n

17. If l, m, n are three numbers in G.P., prove that the first term of an A.P. whose lth , mth and nth terms are
in H.P. is to the common differences as m + 1 to 1.

18. If the sum of n terms of a series be a + bn + cn2, find the nth term and the nature of the series.

19. Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is 4n(n2 + 1) – (6n2 + 1).

20. If between any two quantities there be inserted two arithmetic means A1,A2 ; two geometric means
G1, G2, and two harmonic means H1, H2, show that G1G2 : H1 H2 = A1 + A2 : H1 + H2.

21. If p be the first of n arithmetic means between two numbers, and q the first of n harmonic means between
2
 n 1
the same two numbers, prove that the value of q cannot lie between p and   p.
 n 1 

22. Find the sum of the cubes of the terms of an A.P., and show that it is exactly divisible by the sum of the

terms.

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It's not the time to look for excuses

EXERCISE–I

1. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are in the ratio of (7 n + 1) : (4 n + 27) . Find the ratio of their
nth term.

2. In an AP of which ‘a’is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist p terms is equal to zero, show that the sum of
 aq(p  q ) 
the next q terms is –   .
 p 1 
3. (a)The interior angles of a polygon are inAP. The smallest angle is 120° & the common difference is 5°. Find
the number of sides of the polygon.
(b) The interior angles of a convex polygon form an arithmetic progression with a commondifference of 4°.
Determine the number of sides of the polygon if its largest interior angle is 172°.
n ( n  1)
4. Show that ln (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .............. up to n terms) = 2n ln 2 + ln 3
2
5. There are n AM’s between 1 & 31 such that 7th mean : (n  1)th mean = 5 : 9, then find the value of n.
6. Prove that the average of the numbers n sin n°, n = 2, 4, 6, ......., 180, is cot 1°.
359
7. Find the value of the sum  k ·cos k .
k 0
8. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum of the first nine terms equal to 369. The first
and the ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with the first and the ninth term of the arithmetic
progression. Find the seventh term of the geometric progression.
9. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in GP & the last three are inAP, with common difference 6. If
the first number is the same as the fourth, find the four numbers.
10. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a, b and a2 where 'a' is negative. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd
terms of a geometric series are a, a2 and b find the
(a) value of a and b
(b) sum of infinite geometric series if it exists. If no then find the sum to n terms of the G.P.
(c) sum of the 40 term of the arithmetic series.

11. Let 'X' denotes the value of the product

(1 + a + a2 + a3 + ....... )(1 + b + b2 + b3 + ..... )
where 'a' and 'b' are the roots of the quadratic equation 11x2 – 4x – 2 = 0
and 'Y' denotes the numerical value of the infinite series

log b 20  log b 54

  log 2 1  log 541   log 22  log 542   log 23  log 543   .......

0
b
 b  b
 b  b
 b 
where b = 2000. Find (XY).
12. Find three numbers a , b , c between 2 & 18 such that;
(i) their sum is 25
(ii) the numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms of an AP &
(iii) the numbers b , c , 18 are consecutive terms of a GP .

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You are so close to victory, Don’t give up

13. If one AM ‘a’ and two GM’s p and q be inserted between any two given numbers then show that
p3+ q3 = 2apq.
14. If S1, S2, S3,... Sn, .... are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ... n, ... and
1 2 n 1
1 1 1
whose common ratios are , , , ....,
2 3 4 n 1
, ... respectively, then find the value of  S2r .
r 1

2 3
1 1 1
15. Find the sum of the  terms of the sequence : 1  21    31    41    ..............
 n  n  n
16. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence:
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...... (ii) 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + .......
17. Sum the following series to n terms and to infinity :
n
1 1 1
(i)    ......... (ii)  r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3)
1 . 4 .7 4 .7 .10 7 .10 .13 r1
n
1 1 1.3 1.3.5
(iii)  2  
(iv)  ........... .
r 1 4r  1 4 4.6 4.6.8
1 2 3
18. Find the sum of the n terms of the sequence    ................
1  1  1 1  2  2 1  3  34
2 4 2 4 2

 n 2  2n  3 

19. Let '  ' denotes the sum of the infinite series   n
.

n 1  2 
3 3 3
Compute the value of (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... +  ). 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
20. If the sum 1  2 + 1  2  2 + 1  2  2 + ....... + 1  2
 equal
2
1 2 2 3 3 4 (1999) (2000) 2
1
to n – where n  N. Find n.
n
21. If the 10th term of an HP is 21 and 21st term of the same HP is 10, then find the 210th term.
22. The pth term Tp of H.P. is q(p + q) and qth term T q is p(p + q) when p > 2, q > 2. Prove that
(a) Tp + q = pq ; (b) Tpq = p + q ; (c) Tp + q > Tpq
23. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4. The airthmetic meanA & the geometric mean G satisfy the
relation 2 A + G2 = 27. Find the two numbers.
24. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27. Find the numbers.

25. In the quadratic equation A 3  2 x 2    

B
3 2
x  C  0 with ,  as its roots.


If A = 49  20 6  14
; B = sum of the infinite G.P. as 8 3 
8 6 16
3

3
 .......

and |–|= 6 6   k
where k = log610 – 2 log6 5 + log6 (log 6 18  log 6 72) ,
then find the value of C.

82
EXERCISE–II
1. If sin x, sin22x and cos x · sin 4x form an increasing geometric sequence, find the numerial value of
cos 2x.Also find the common ratio of geometric sequence.
2. If the first 3 consecutive terms of a geometrical progression are the real roots of the equation
2x3 – 19x2 + 57x – 54 = 0 find the sum to infinite number of terms of G.P.

1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9

3. Find the sum of the infinite series     ..........  .
2 2 2 23 2 4
4. Two distinct, real, infinite geometric series each have a sum of 1 and have the same second term. The
third term of one of the series is 1 8 . If the second term of both the series can be written in the form
m n
, where m, n and p are positive integers and m is not divisible by the square of any prime, find
p
the value of 100m + 10n + p.
m n
5. One of the roots of the equation 2000x6 + 100x5 + 10x3 + x – 2 = 0 is of the form , where m
r
is non zero integer and n and r are relatively prime natural numbers. Find the value of m + n + r.
6. Find the condition that the roots of the equation x3 – px 2 + qx – r = 0 are in A.P. and hence solve the
equation x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0.
7. If a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers such that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in HP then:
(i) Prove that a, c, e are in GP .
(ii) Prove that e = (2 b  a)²/a .
(iii) If a = 2 & e = 18 , find all possible values of b , c , d .

2x x
8. Let f (x) denote the sum of the infinite trigonometric series, f (x) =  sin 3n sin 3n .
n 1
Find f (x) (independent of n). If the sum of the solutions of the equation f (x) = 0 lying in the interval
(0, 629) is 2k, find k.
9. A computer solved several problems in succession. The time it took the computer to solve each successive
problem was the same number of times smaller than the time it took to solve the preceding problem.
How many problems were suggested to the computer if it spent 63.5 min to solve all the problems
except for the first, 127 min to solve all the problems except for the last one, and 31.5 min to solve all the
problems except for the first two ?
10. If n is a root of the equation x2(1  ac)  x (a2 + c2)  (1 + ac) = 0 & if n HM’s are inserted between
a and c, show that the difference between the first & the last mean is equal to ac(a – c).
11. Given that the cubic ax3 – ax2 + 9bx – b = 0 (a  0) has all three positive roots. Find the harmonic mean
of the roots independent of a and b, hence deduce that the root are all equal. Find also the minimum
value of (a + b) if a and b  N.
    
12. If tan   x  , tan , tan   x  in order are three consecutive terms of a G.P. then sum of all the
 12  12  12 
solutions in [0, 314] is k. Find the value of k.

83

You are so close to victory, Don’t give up

13. The sequence a1, a2, a3, ....... a98 satisfies the relation an+1 = an + 1 for n = 1, 2, 3, .........97 and has
49
the sum equal to 4949. Evaluate  a 2k .
k 1

14. (a) The value of x + y + z is 15 if a , x , y , z , b are in AP while the value of ;

(1/x)+(1/y)+(1/z) is 5/3 if a , x , y , z , b are in HP. Find a & b.
(b) The values of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series a , x , y , z , b is an AP or HP . Find
the values of a & b assuming them to be positive integer.

15. Find the conditions on  and  such that x1, x2, x3 satisfying the cubic x3  x2 + x +  = 0 are inA.P.

16. If the roots of 10x3  cx2  54x  27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then find c and all the roots.

17. If a , b , c be in GP & logc a, logb c, loga b be in AP , then show that the common difference of the
AP must be 3/2.

18. In a GP the ratio of the sum of the first eleven terms to the sum of the last eleven terms is 1/8 and the
ratio of the sum of all the terms without the first nine to the sum of all the terms without the last nine is 2.
Find the number of terms in the GP.

19. Given a three digit number whose digits are three successive terms of a G.P. If we subtract 792 from it,
we get a number written by the same digits in the reverse order. Now if we subtract four from the
hundred's digit of the initial number and leave the other digits unchanged, we get a number whose digits
are successive terms of an A.P. Find the number.

EXERCISE–III

  
1. (a) The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation 5  2 x 2  4  5 x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 [JEE '99, 2+2]

(b) Let a1, a2,...., a10, be in A.P. & h1, h2, ....., h10 be in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 & a10 = h10 = 3 then a4h7 is :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

2. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162 and the sum of its first n terms is 160. If the inverse of its
common ratiois an integer, find all possible values of the common ratio, n and the first terms of the series.
[JEE '99, 6]
3. (a) Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r . If the sum is 4 and the
second term is 3/4, then :
7 3 3 3 1 1
(A) a = ,r= (B) a = 2, r = (C) a = ,r= (D) a = 3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4

(b) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies

the relation :
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
[JEE 2000, Screening, 1 + 1 out of 35]

84

It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE

(c) The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries added to
the product of any four consecutive terms of it . Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.
[JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100]
4. Given that  ,  are roots of the equation, A x2  4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the equation,
B x2  6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
[REE 2000, 5 out of 100]
5. The sum of roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their reciprocals. Find
whether bc2, ca2 and ab2 in A.P., G.P. or H.P.? [REE 2001, 3 out of 100]
6. Solve the following equations for x and y
log2x + log4x + log16x + .................... = y
5  9  13............ (4y  1)
= 4log4x [REE 2001, 5 out of 100]
1  3  5.............. (2y  1)

7. (a) Let   be the roots of x2 – x + p = 0 and   be the roots of x2 – 4x + q = 0. If     are in G.P.,

then the integral values of p and q respectively, are
(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3 (C) –6, 3 (D) –6, –32
(b) If the sum of the first 2n terms of theA.P. 2, 5, 8, ........... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of theA.P.
57, 59, 61, ........, then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13

(c) Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) NOT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D) H.P. [JEE 2001, Scr, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]

(d) Let a1, a2 .......... be positive real numbers in G.P. For each n, let An, Gn, Hn, be respectively, the
arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2, a3, ...........an. Find an expression for the
G.M. of G1, G2, .........Gn in terms of A1, A2 .............An, H1, H2, .........Hn.
[JEE 2001 (Mains); 5]

3
8.(a) Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b 2, c2 are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]

(b) Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a , A1 , A2 , b are in A.P. ; a , G1 , G2 , b are in G.P. and
a , H1 , H2 , b are in H.P. , show that
G1 G 2 A  A2 (2 a  b) ( a  2 b )
 1  [JEE 2002, Mains, 5 out of 60]
H1 H 2 H1  H 2 9ab
c
9. If a, b, c are in A.P., a2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P. , then prove that either a = b = c or a, b,  form a G.P..
2
[JEE-03, Mains-4 out of 60]

85

Your target is to secure good rank in JEE

10. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0  x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

11. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4.
[JEE 2004, 4 out of 60]

12. (a) In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, if  = b2 – 4ac and  + , 2 + 2, 3 + 3 are in G.P. where
,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
(A)   0 (B) b = 0 (C) c = 0 (D)  = 0
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]
 n  1  n+1
(b) If total number of runs scored in n matches is   (2 – n – 2) where n > 1, and the runs scored in
 4 
the kth match are given by k·2n+1– k, where 1  k  n. Find n. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 2]

2 3 n
 3 3  3 3
13. If A n           .......   1n 1   and Bn = 1 – An, then find the minimum natural
 4 4  4 4
number n0 such that Bn > A n.  n > n0. [JEE 2006, 6]
Comprehension (3 questions)
14. Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is 'r' and
the common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...

(a) The sum V1 + V 2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3
(b) Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

(c) Which one of the following is a correct statement ?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....... [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]

Comprehension (3 questions)
15. Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct
positive numbers. For n  2, letAn – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means asAn,
Gn, Hn respectively.

86

Believe you can & you are halfway there

(a) Which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ......
(B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ......
(D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ......

(b) Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) A1 > A2 > A 3 > ......
(B) A1 < A2 < A 3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ......
(D) A1 < A3 < A 5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......

(c) Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ......
(B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ......
(D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ...... [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]
16. (a) A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR intersects the side QR at the point S and the
circumcircle of the triangle PQR at the point T. If S is not the centre of the circumcircle, then
1 1 2 1 1 2
(A) + < QS  SR (B) + > QS  SR
PS ST PS ST
1 1 4 1 1 4
(C) + < (D) + > [JEE 2008, 4]
PS ST QR PS ST QR

ASSERTION & REASON:

(b) Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a3
and b4 = b3 + a4.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008, 3 (–1)]
k 1
17. Let Sk, k = 1, 2, ...., 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is and the
k!
1 100 2 100 2
common ratio is . Then the value of   |(k – 3k + 1)sk| is [JEE 2010]
k 100! k 1

18. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak–1 – ak–2 for k = 3,
a12  a 22  ....  a11
2
a  a  ....  a11
4, ...., 11. If  90 , then the value of 1 2 is equal to [JEE 2010]
11 11

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It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing

p
19. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp =  a , 1  p  100. For any
i
i 1

Sm
integer n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is [JEE 2011]
Sn

20. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is
[JEE 2011]

21. Let a1, a2, a3 ,...... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for
which an < 0 is : [JEE 2012]
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 25
22. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,.... is [JEE Main 2013]
7 7 7 7
(A) (99 + 10 –20 ) (B) (179 – 10–20) (C) (99 – 10–20) (D) (179 + 10–20)
9 81 9 81
4n k(k 1)
23. Let Sn =  (1) 2 k2 . Then Sn can take value(s) [JEE Adv. 2013]
k 1
(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332
1 1
24. Let  and  be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and   4 , then
 
the value of | – | is [IIT Main 2014]
2 13 61 2 17 34
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
25. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new
numbers are inA.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is [IIT Main 2014]
(A) 2 + 3 (B) 2  3 (C) 3  2 (D) 2  3
26. If (10)9 + 2(11)1 (10)8 + 3(11)2 (10)7 + ..... + 10(11)9 = k(10)9, then k is equal to
121 441
(A) 110 (B) (C) (D) 100 [IIT Main 2014]
10 100
b
27. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a, b, c are in geometric progression and the
a
a 2  a  14
arithmetic mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is [IIT Adv. 2014]
a 1

13 13  23 13  23  33
28. The sum of first 9 terms of the series   + .... is [IIT Main 2015]
1 1 3 1 3  5
(A) 192 (B) 71 (C) 96 (D) 142
29. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers  and n (, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric
means between  and n, then G14  2G 42  G34 equals [IIT Main 2015]
(A) 42m2n2 (B) 42mn (C) 4m2n (D) 4mn2

88

You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want

30. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum
of the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between
130 and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is [IIT Adv. 2015]

31. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P. then the common ratio of this G.P. is
8 4 7
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) [IIT Mains 2016]
5 3 4

2 2 2 2
 3  2  1  4 16
32. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series  1    2    3  + 42 +  4  + ......, is 5 m,
 5  5  5  5
then m is equal to [JEE Mains 2016]
(A) 102 (B) 101 (C) 100 (D) 99
33. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2,...., 101. Suppose logeb1, logeb2,....., logeb101 are in Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
with the common difference loge2. Suppose a1, a2, ...., a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51.
If t = b1 + b2 + .....+ b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ...... + a51, then [JEE Adv. 2016]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101< b101

34. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c, 9(25a2 + b2) + 25(c2 – 3ac) = 15b(3a + c). Then,
(A) b, c and a are in G.P. (B) b, c and a are in A.P. [JEE Mains 2017]
(C) a, b and c are in A.P. (D) a, b and c are in G.P.

35. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetric progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what is
the length of its smallest side ? [JEE Adv. 2017]

36. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of the first 40 terms of the series
12 + 2  22 + 32 + 2  42 + 52 + 2  62 +..... If B – 2A = 100, then  is equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 496 (B) 232 (C) 248 (D) 464

12
37. Let a1, a2, a3, .....,a49 be in A.P. such that a
k 0
4k 1  416 and a9 + a43 = 66.

If a12  a 22  .......a 17
2
 140m , then m equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 33 (B) 66 (C) 68 (D) 34

38. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11, ..... , and Y be
the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 9, 16, 23, ..... Then, the number of
elements in the set X Y. [JEE Adv. 2018]

39. The sum

3  13


5  13  23   7  13  23  33   ..... upto 10 th
terms, is : [JEE Main 2019]
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2 3
(A) 660 (B) 620 (C) 680 (D) 600

89

Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction

40. If a1, a2, a3, ......an are in A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 +.......+ a16 = 114, then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal to:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 38 (B) 98 (C) 76 (D) 64

41. If the sum and product of the first three terms in anA.P. are 33 and 1155, respectively, then a value of its
11th term is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) –25 (B) 25 (C) –36 (D) –35

42. The sum of the series 1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 7 + ...... upto 11th term is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 915 (B) 946 (C) 945 (D) 916
20
1
43. The sum k 2
k 1
k is equal to : [JEE Main 2019]

3 11 11 21
(A) 2  (B) 2  (C) 1  (D) 2 
217 219 220 220

44. The sum of all natural numbers 'n' such that 100 < n < 200 and H.C. F. (91, n) > 1 is: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 3221 (B) 3121 (C) 3203 (D) 3303

3 3 3 3
3  1  1 3  3
45. If the sum of the first 15 terms of the series    1    2   3   3   ...... is equal to
4  2  4  4
225 k, then k is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 108 (B) 27 (C) 54 (D) 9

46. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is 512. If 4 is added to each of the first and the second
of these terms, the three terms now form an A. P. Then the sum of the original three terms of the given
G. P. is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 36 (B) 32 (C) 24 (D) 28

1  2  3  ....  k 5
47. Let Sk  . If S12 + S22 + ..... + S102 = A , then A is equal to :[JEE Main 2019]
k 12
(A) 283 (B) 301 (C) 303 (D) 156

48. If 19th term of non - zero A.P. is zero, then its (49th term) : (29th term) is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 2 : 1

49. The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms is 3 and the sum of the cubes of its terms is
27
. Then the common ratio of this series is : [JEE Main 2019]
19
1 2 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 9 9

90

Never will you have this day again , so make it count

a3 a9
50. Let a1, a2, ..... a10 be a G.P. If a  25 , then a equals : [JEE Main 2019]
1 5

(A) 54 (B) 4(52) (C) 53 (D) 2(52)

51. Let a, b and c be the 7th, 11th and 13th term's respectively of a non-constant A. P. If these are also the
a
three consecutive terms of a G.P., then is equal to :- [JEE Main 2019]
c
(A) 1/2 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 7/13

52. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in G.P. and a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 4 (B) –3 (C) –2 (D) 2

30 15
53. Let a1, a2 ,......, a30 be an A.P., S   a i and T  a (2i 1) .
i 1 i 1
If a5 = 27 and S –2T = 75, then a10 is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 57 (B) 47 (C) 42 (D) 52

54. The sum of the following series

9 12  22  32  12 12  22  32  42  15 12  2 2  ....  52 
1 6     ... up to 15 terms, is:
7 9 11
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 7820 (B) 7830 (C) 7520 (D) 7510
55. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive integers. The maximum value of the expression
x m yn
1  x 2 m  1  y 2n  is: [JEE Main 2019]

1 1 mn
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 6mn

56. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and the equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0
have a common root, then which one of the following statements is correct? [JEE Main 2019]
d e f
(A) d,e,f are in A.P. (B) , , are in G.P..
a b c
d e f
(C) , , are in A.P.. (D) d,e,f are in G.P.
a b c
n n  7
57. Let the sum of the first n terms of a non-constant A.P., a1, a2, a3,... be 50n  A , where A is a
2
constant. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then the ordered pair (d, a50) is equal to :
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) (A, 50 + 46A) (B) (A, 50 + 45A) (C) (50, 50 + 46A) (D) (50, 50 + 45A)

91

Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up

1
58. Let a, b and c be in G.P. with common ratio r, where a  0 and 0  r  . If 3a, 7b and 15c are the first
2
three terms of anA.P., then the 4th term of this A.P. is: [JEE Main 2019]
7 2
(A) a (B) a (C) a (D) 5a
3 3
n n
59. If  and  are the roots of the equation 375x – 25x – 2 = 0, then nlim
2

 r  nlim

 r is equal to:-
r 1 r 1
[JEE Main 2019]
21 29 1 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
346 358 12 116

60. If ,  and  are three consecutive terms of a non constant G.P. such that the equations
x2 + 2x +  = 0 and x2 + x – 1 = 0 have a common root, then ( + ) is equal to:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A)  (B) 0 (C)  (D) 

61. If sin 4   4 cos 4   2  4 2 sin  cos ; ,   [0, ] , then cos      – cos (  ) is equal to:
[JEE (Main) 2019]
(A) 0 (B)  2 (C) –1 (D) 2

62. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – x –1 = 0, with  > . For all positive integers n, define
 n  n
an  , n 1 [JEE Adv. 2019]
 
b1 = 1 and bn = an–1 + an+1 , n  2.
Then which of the following option is/are correct ?

a 10
(A) a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an = an+2 – 1 for all n  1 (B)  10nn  89
n 1


b 8
(C)  10nn  89 (D) bn = n + n for all n  1
n 1

63. Let AP (a; d) denote the set of all the terms of an infinte arithmetic progression with first term a and
common difference d > 0. If AP(1; 3)  AP(2; 5)  AP(3; 7) = AP (a; d) then a + d equals ___
[JEE Adv. 2019]
64. The greatest positive integer k, for which 49k + 1 is a factor of the sum
49125 + 49124 + ......+ 492 + 49 + 1, is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 32 (B) 60 (C) 65 (D) 63

65. Five numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 25 and product is 2520. If one of these five numbers is –1/2 ,
then the greatest number amongst them is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 16 (B) 27 (C) 7 (D) 21/2

92

The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
66. If the sum of the first 40 terms of the series, 3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + .... is (102)m, then m
is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 10 (B) 25 (C) 5 (D) 20

9
67. Let a1, a2, a3, ... be a G. P. such that a1 < 0, a1 + a2 = 4 and a3 + a4 =16. If  ai = 4, then  is equal
i 1
to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
511
(A) 171 (B) (C) –171 (D) –513
3
68. Let X = {n  N : 1  n  }. If A = {n  X : n is a multiple of 2} and B = {n  X : n is a
multiple of 7}, then the number of elements in the smallest subset of X containing both A and B is
_______. [JEE (Main) 2020]

69. Let f : R  R be such that for all x  R (21 + x + 21 – x), f(x) and (3x + 3–x) are in A.P., then the minimum
value of f(x) is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
20
70. The sum  (1  2  3  ......  k) is _____. [JEE (Main) 2020]
k 1

71. If the 10th term of an A. P. is 1/20 and its 20th term is 1/10, then the sum of its first 200 terms is :
[JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 50 (D) 100
4 2

7
n  n  1 2n  1
72. The sum, n 1 4
is equal to________. [JEE (Main) 2020]

1 1 1 1
73. The product 4 16 48 128
2 .4 .8 .16 ....... to  is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1
(A) 24 (B) 2 (C) 22 (D) 1
 

If x =  ( 1) tan2n  and y =  cos
n 2n
74.  , for 0 <   , then : [JEE (Main) 2020]
n 0 n 0 4
(A) y(1 + x) = 1 (B) x(1 – y) = 1 (C) y(1 – x) = 1 (D) x(1 + y) = 1

100 100 200

75. Let an be the n term of a G. P. of positive terms. If  a 2n 1 =200 and

th
 a 2n = 100, then a n is
n 1 n 1 n 1

equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]

(A) 300 (B) 175 (C) 225 (D) 150

76. The number of terms common to the two A.P.'s 3,7,11,.....,407 and 2,9,16, ......, 709 is ________.
[JEE (Main) 2020]

93

Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet

77. The sum of the first three terms of a G.P. is S and their product is 27. Then all such S lie in :
[JEE (Main) 2020]
(A)  , 9   3,   (B)  3,   (C)  ,9 (D)  , 3   9,  

78. If |x| < 1,|y| < 1 and x  y, then the sum to infinity of the following series
(x + y) + (x2 + xy + y2) + (x3 + x 2y + xy2 + y3) +.... is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
x  y  xy x  y  xy x  y  xy x  y  xy
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y 

79. If the sum of first 11 terms of an A.P., a1, a2, a3, .... is 0( a1  0 ) then the sum of theA.P., a1, a3, a5, ..., a23
is ka1, where k is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
121 72 72 121
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
10 5 5 10

80. Let S be the sum of the first 9 terms of the series :

{x + ka} + {x2 + (k + 2)a} + {x3 + (k + 4)a} + {x4 + (k + 6)a} +... where a  0 and a  1.
x10  x  45a(x  1)
If S  , then k is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
x 1
(A) 3 (B) –3 (C) 1 (D) –5

1 1 1 
The value of  0.16 
log 2.5   2  2 ..........to  
81. 3 3 3  is equal to............... [JEE (Main) 2020]

3 1 4
82. If the sum of the series 20  19  19  18  ... upto nth term is 488 and the nth term is negative, then:
5 5 5
[JEE (Main) 2020]
2
(A) n = 60 (B) n = 41 (C) nth term is –4 (D) nth term is 4
5

83. If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are inserted between 3 and 243 such
that 4th A.M. is equal to 2nd G.M., then m is equal to___ [JEE (Main) 2020]

84. If 1 + (1 – 22.1) + (1 – 42.3) + (1– 62.5) +......+ (1 – 202.19) =  – 220 , then an ordered pair
( ) is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) (10, 97) (B) (11, 103) (C) (11, 97) (D) (10, 103)

85. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – 3x + p = 0 and  and  be the roots of x2 – 6x + q = 0. If    

form a geometric progression.Then ratio (2q + p) : (2q – p) is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 33 : 31 (B) 9 : 7 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 5 : 3

86. Let a1, a2, ..., an be a given A.P. whose common difference is an integer and Sn= a1+ a2+ .... + an.
If a1=1, an=300 and 15  n  50, then the ordered pair (Sn – 4, an – 4) is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) (2480, 248) (B) (2480, 249) (C) (2490, 249) (D) (2490, 248)
94

Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus

87. If 210 + 29.31 + 28.32 +.....+ 2.39 + 310 = S – 211, then S is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
311 10
(A) 311 (B) 2 (C) 2.311 (D) 311 – 212
2

88. If 32 sin2 –1, 14 and 34 – 2 sin2 are the first three terms of an A.P. for some , then the sixth term of this
A.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 65 (B) 81 (C) 78 (D) 66

89. If the sum of the second, third and fourth terms of a positive term G.P. is 3 and the sum of its sixth,
seventh and eighth terms is 243, then the sum of the first 50 terms of this G.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
2 50 1 49 1 50 1 50
(A)
13
 3  1 (B)
26
 3  1 (C)
13
 3  1 (D)
26
 3  1

90. Let a, b, c, d and p be any non zero distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2) = 0. Then: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) a, c, p are in G.P. (B) a, b, c, d are in G.P.
(C) a, b, c, d are in A.P. (D) a, c, p are in A.P.

91. The common difference of the A.P. b1, b2,..... bm is 2 more than the common difference of A.P.
a1, a2, ...an. If a40 =–159, a100= –399 and b100= a70, then b1 is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) –127 (B) 81 (C) 127 (D) –81

92. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series log 71/2 x  log 71/3 x  log 71/4 x  ... is 460, then x is equal
     
to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 71/2 (B) 72 (C) e2 (D) 746/21

93. If the first term of anA.P. is 3 and the sum of its first 25 terms is equal to the sum of its next 15 terms, then
the common difference of thisA.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 4 7

94. Let m be the minimum possible value of log 3  3y1  3y2  3y3  , where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers
for which y1 + y2 + y3= 9. Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3 x1 + log3 x2 + log3 x3), where
x1, x2, x3 are positive real numbers for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2(m3) + log3(M2)
is____ [JEE Adv. 2020]

95. Let a1, a2, a3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common
difference 2. Also, let b1, b2, b3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in geometric progression with
common ratio 2. If a1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of c, for which the equality
2(a1 + a2 + ....... + an) = b1 + b2 + ........+ bn holds for some positive integer n, is____
[JEE Adv. 2020]

95
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
QUESTION BANK
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]
ba bc
Q.1 If a, b, c are distinct positive real in H.P., then the value of the expression, + is equal to
ba bc
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

1 1 1
Q.2 The sum to infinity of the series + + +...... is equal to :
1 1 2 1 2  3
(A) 2 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) none of these

FG  (a  x)IJ = 0 then, which of the following holds good?

Q.3 Given a2 + 2a + cosec2 H2 K
x x
(A) a = 1 ; I (B) a = –1 ; I
2 2
(C) a  R ; x  (D) a , x are finite but not possible to find
Q.4 Along a road lies an odd number of stones placed at intervals of 10 m. These stones have to be assembled
around the middle stone. Aperson can carry only one stone at a time. Aman carried out the job starting
with the stone in the middle, carrying stones in succession, thereby covering a distance of 4.8 km. Then
the number of stones is
(A) 15 (B) 29 (C) 31 (D) 35

Q.5 If S = 12 + 32 + 52 + ....... + (99)2 then the value of the sum 22 + 42 + 62 + ....... + (100)2 is
(A) S + 2550 (B) 2S (C) 4S (D) S + 5050

Q.6 In an A.P. with first term 'a' and the common difference d (a, d  0), the ratio '  ' of the sum of the first
a
n terms to sum of n terms succeeding them does not depend on n. Then the ratio and the ratio '  ',
d
respectively are
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) 2, (C) , (D) ,2
2 4 3 2 3 2

Q.7 The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the given set {9, 99, 999, ....... 999999999} is a 9 digit
number N, all whose digits are distinct. The number N does not contain the digit
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 9

Q.8 If for an A.P. a1 , a2 , a3 ,.... , an ,.... a1 + a3 + a5 = – 12 and a1 a2 a3 = 8,

then the value of a2 + a4 + a6 equals
(A) – 12 (B) – 16 (C) – 18 (D) – 21

360  
1
Q.9   k k  1  ( k  1) k
 is the ratio of two relative prime positive integers m and n. The value of

k 1  
(m + n) is equal to
(A) 43 (B) 41 (C) 39 (D) 37

Q.10 If x  R, the numbers (51+x + 51  x), a/2, (25x + 25–x) form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )

96

Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”

Q.11 If the sum of the first 11 terms of an arithmetical progression equals that of the first 19 terms, then the sum
of its first 30 terms, is
(A) equal to 0 (B) equal to – 1 (C) equal to 1 (D) non unique

Q.12 Let s1 , s2 , s3 ....... and t1 , t2 , t3 ....... are two arithmetic sequences such that s1 = t1  0; s2 = 2t2 and
10 15 s 2  s1
 si = i
t . Then the value of t 2  t1 is
i 1 i 1
(A) 8/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 19/8 (D) 2

Q.13 Let an, n  N is an A.P. with common difference 'd' and all whose terms are non-zero. If n approaches
1 1 1
infinity, thenthe sum   ......  will approach
a 1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1
1 2 1
(A) a d (B) a d (C) 2a d (D) a1d
1 1 1

Q.14 The sum of the first three terms of an increasing G.P. is 21 and the sum of their squares is 189. Then the
sum of its first n terms is
 1   1 
(A) 3 (2n – 1) (B) 12 1  n  (C) 6 1  n  (D) 6 (2n – 1)
 2   2 


 n 
Q.15 The sum   n 4  4  is equal to
n 1
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 3/8 (D) 1/2

Q.16  
If a  1 and ln a2 + (ln a2)2 + (ln a2)3 + ..... = 3 ln a  (ln a ) 2  (ln a ) 3  (ln a ) 4  ....... then 'a' is equal to
(A) e1/5 (B) e (C) 3
e (D) 4 e

1 1 .3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
Q.17     ................ is equal to
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
4 3 2

100
k
Q.18 The sum  k 4  k 2  1 is equal to
k 1

4950 5050 5151

(A) (B) (C) (D) none
10101 10101 10101

Q.19 A circle of radius r is inscribed in a square. The mid points of sides of the square have been connected by
line segment and a new square resulted. The sides of the resulting square were also connected by
segments so that a new square was obtained and so on, then the radius of the circle inscribed in the nth
square is
 1 n   33n   n    5 3 n 
(A) 2  r (B) 2 r (C) 2  r (D) 2 r
2 2 2 2

       

97

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

Q.20 If abcd = 1 where a, b, c, d are positive reals then the minimum value of
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd is
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 20

Q.21 A sequence of equilateral triangles is drawn. The altitude of each is 3 times the altitude of the preceding
triangle, the difference between the area of the first triangle and the sixth triangle is 968 3 square unit.
The perimeter of the first triangle is
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18

Q.22 If a, b and c are three consecutive positive terms of a G.P. then the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c is
(A) a curve that intersects the x-axis at two distinct points.
(B) entirely below the x-axis.
(C) entirelyabove the x-axis.
(D) tangent to the x-axis.

n
 k2
Q.23 For which positive integers n is the ratio, k 1 an integer?
n
k
k 1

(A) odd n only (B) even n only

(C) n = 1 + 6k only, where k  0 and k  I (D) n = 1 + 3k, integer k  0

[REASONING TYPE]
1 1 1
Q.24 Statement-1: If 27 abc  (a + b + c)3 and 3a + 4b + 5c = 12 then 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 ; where a,
a b c
b, c are positive real numbers.
Statement-2: For positive real numbers A.M.  G.M.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Q.25 Statement-1: The difference between the sum of the first 100 even natural numbers and the sum of the
first 100 odd natural numbers is 100.
because
Statement-2: The difference between the sum of the first n even natural numbers and sum of the first
n odd natural numbers is n.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

98

Take your Dreams seriously

[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for Question Nos. 26 to 28
Let am (m = 1, 2, .......,p) be the possible integral values of a for which the graphs of
f (x) = ax2 + 2bx + b and g (x) = 5x2 – 3bx – a meets at some point for all real values of b.
p n
Let tr =  (r  a m ) and Sn =  t r , n  N.
m 1 r 1
Q.26 The minimum possible value of a is
1 5 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 26 38 43
Q.27 The sum of values of n for which Sn vanishes is
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15

1
Q.28 The value of  is equal to
r 5 t r
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 15 18

[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.29 Let a1, a2, a3 ....... and b1, b2, b3 ...... be arithmetic progressions such that a1 = 25, b1 = 75 and
a100 + b100 = 100. Then
(A) the difference between successive terms in progression 'a'is opposite of the differencein progression 'b'.
(B) an + bn = 100 for any n.
(C) (a1 + b1), (a2 + b2), (a3 + b3), ....... are in A.P.
100
(D)  (a r  b r ) = 10000
r 1

y
Q.30 If sin(x  y), sin x and sin (x + y) are in H.P., then sin x. sec =
2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) – 2

Q.31 The sum of the first three terms of the G.P. in which the difference between the second and the first term
is 6 and the difference between the fourth and the third term is 54, is
(A) 39 (B)  10.5 (C) 27 (D)  27
Q.32 If the roots of the equation, x3 + px2 + qx – 1 = 0 form an increasing G.P. where p and q are real, then
(A) p + q = 0 (B) p  (– 3, )
one root is smaller than 1
(C) one of the roots is unity (D) and one root is greater than 1.

Q.33 If the triplets log a, log b, log c and (log a – log 2b), (log 2b – log 3c), (log 3c – log a) are in arithmetic
progression then
(A) 18(a + b + c)2 = 18(a2 + b2 + c2) + ab (B) a, b, c are in G.P.
(C) a, 2b, 3c are in H.P. (D) a, b, c can be the lengths of the sides of a triangle
(Assume all logarithmic terms to be defined)

Q.34 x1, x2 are the roots of the equation x 2 – 3x + A = 0; x 3 , x 4 are roots of the equation
x2 – 12x + B = 0, such that x1, x2, x3, x4 form an increasing G.P., then
(A) A = 2 (B) B = 32 (C) x1 + x 3 = 5 (D) x2 + x4 = 10

99
Do something today that your future self will thank you for
PROGRESSION AND SERIES
(ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION)

Single Correct Answer Type

DPP 4.1
1. If 3x – 2ax + (a +2b +2c ) = 2 (ab + bc) , then a,b,c can be in
2 2 2 2

(A) A.P (B)G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these

1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3
2. If x =    ..., y  2  2  2  2  ... and z = 2  2  2  2  ... then
12 32 52 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

y x z y x z
(A) x,y,z are in A.P (B) , , are in A.P (C) , , are in A.P (D) 6y, 3x, 2x are in H.P
6 3 2 6 3 2

1 b b c
3. For a,b,c  R – {0}, let , b, are in A.P. If   are the roots of the quadratic equation 2ac x2 + 2abc x + (a+c) = 0 . then
1  ab 1  bc
the value of (1 + ) (1+) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 2

89

4. a1 ,a2,a3 , ... a87, a88,,a89 are the arithmetic means between 1 and 89 , then  log
r 1
(tan (ar)°_ is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) log23 (D) log 5

5. Let a1,a2, .... be arithmetic progression such that a1 = 25,

b1 = = 75 and a100 + b 100 = 100, then the sum of first hundred term of the progression a1 +b1, a2 +b2, ... is equal to
(A) 1000 (B) 100000 (C) 10000 (D) 24000

6. The sum of 25 terms of an A.P., whose all the terms are natural numbers, lies between 1900 and 2000 ant its 9th term is 55. Then
the first term of the A.P is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8

 l  p  (4p  m  5l)
7. If the first, fifth and last terms of an A.P. is L,m.p, respectively, and sum of the A.P. is then k is
k(m  l)

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

8. If a1,a2 a3,...a15 are in A.P. and a1 + a8 +a15 = 15, then a2 + a3 + a8+a13+a14 is equal to
(A) 25 (B) 35 (C) 10 (D) 15

100
n
n
9. If a1, a2,a3 ,... are in A.P. and ai > 0 for each i. then a
i 1
2/3
 a1/i 13a1/i 3  a i2 / 3 is equal to
i 1

n n 1 n 1
(A) a 2 / 3  a1/ 3  a 2 / 3 (B) a 2 / 3  a1/ 3  a 2 / 3 (C) a 2 / 3  a1/ 3  a 2 / 3  a 2 / 3 (D) None of these
i 1 i 1 i n n i n n i 1

10. Between the numbers 2 and 20,8 means are inserted. Then their sum is
(A) 88 (B) 44 (C) 176 (D) None of these

1 1 1
11. Let a1, a2,a3, ..., a4001 is an A.P. such that   ....  = 10 and a2 + a400 = 50. Then |a1 –a4001| is equal to
a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a 4000  a 4001

(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) None of these

12. An A.P. consist of even number of terms 2n having middle terms equal to 1 and 7 respectively. if n is the maximum value which
satisfy t1t2n + 713  , then the value of the first term of the series is
(A) 17 (B) – 15 (C) 21 (D) – 23

13. If the sum of the first 100 terms of an AP is –1 and the sum of even terms lying in first 100 terms is1, then which of the following
is not true?

3 149
(A) Common difference of the sequence is (B) First term sequence is
50 50

74
(C) 100th term = (D) None of these
25

14. Given the sequence of numbers x1,x2,x3,x4, .... x2005.

x1 x2 x3 x 2005
   ..... 
x1  1 x 2  3 x 3  5 x 2005  4009 , the nature of the sequence is

(A) A.P (B)G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these

101
Single Correct Answer Type

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
DPP 4.2
 bx  cy  bx  cy 
1. If b –c, bx – cy , bx2 –cy2 (b,c  0) are in G.P, then the valule of    is
 b  c  b  c 
(A) x2 (B) –x2 (C) 2y2 (D) 3y2

2. If a1,a2,a3, ... are in G.P., where ai  C (where C stands for set of complex numbers) having r as common ration such that
n n

 a k 1   a
k 1
2
k 1
2k  3  0 , then the number of possibel values of r is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

3. If a,b,c are real numbers forming an A.P. and 3+a, 2+ b, 3 + c are inG.P., then minimum value of ac is
(A) –4 (B) – 6 (C) 3 (D) None of these

4. a,b,c,d are in increasing G.P. If the AM between a and b is 6 and the AM between c and d is 54, then the AM of a and d is
(A) 5 (B) 48 (C) 44 (D) 42

5. The numbers a,b,c are in A.P and a + b +c = 60. Tjhe numbers (a–2), b (c+3_ are in G.P. Thne which of the following is not the
possible value of a2+b2+c2 ?
(A) 1208 (B) 1218 (C) 1298 (D) None of these

6. a,b,c are positive integers forming an increasing G.P and b–a is a perfect cube and log6a + log6 b + log6 c = 6 , then a + b +c =

(A) 100 (B) 111 (C) 122 (D) 189

7. The first three terms of a geometric sequence are x,y, z and these have the sum equal to 42. If the middle term y is multipled by
5y
5/4 . the numbers x, ,z now form an an arithmetic sequence. The largest possible value of x is
4
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 20

8. An infinite G.P. has 2nd term x and its sum is 4. Then x belongs to
(A) (0,2] (B) (1,8) (C) (–8,1] (D) none of these

9. In a GP ,the ratio of the sum of the first eleven terms to the sum of the last even terms is 1/8 and the ratio fo the sum of all the terms
without the first nine to the sum of all the terms without the last nine is 2. Then the number of terms in the GP is
(A) 40 (B) 38 (C) 36 (D) 34

102
Comprehension Type

For Q. 10 and 11
The 1st ,2nd 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a,b and a2 where a is negative. The 1st . 2 nd and 3rd terms of a geometric series are
a,a2 and b, respectively.
10. The sum of infinite geometric series is

1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2 3
11. The sum of the 40 terms of the arithmetic series is

545 575
(A) (B) 220 (C) 250 (D)
2 2
For Q. 12,13 and 14
Let ABCD is a unit square and each side of the square is divided in the ration  (1–) (0 <  < 1) . These points are connected
to obtain another square. The sides of new square square are divided in the ration  : (1– ) and points are joined to obtain
another square. The process in continued indefinitely. Let an denote the length of side and An the area of the nth square

A 1-  B
 1-
1-

D  1- C

1 1
12. If   , then the least value of n for which An is
3 10
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

8
13. The value of  for which A
n 1
n 
3
is / are

1 2 1 3 1 4 1
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D)
3 3 4 4 5 5 2
14. The value of  for which side of nth square equal to the diagonal of (n+1)th square is

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 2 2

103
Single Correct Answer Type

Harmonic Progression and Relation Between Means

DPP 4.3
1. The number of ordered pairs (x,y), where x,y  N for which 4, x,y are in H.P ., is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

2. If a + c, a + b, b +c are in G.P and a,c,b are in H.P , where a,b,c > 0 , then the value of e is

3
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) (D) 4
2

3. If a,b,c are In H.P., b,c,d are in G.P. and c,d,e are in A.P., then the value of e is

ab 2 a2b a 2 b2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
 2a  b   2a  b   2a  b 
2 2 2

4. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P, then logex e, logex e, log ez e are in
(A) A.P (B) H.P
(C)G.P (D) None of these

5. If x,y,z are in G.P. (x,y,z > 1), then

1 1 1
, ,
2x  log e x 4x  log e y 6x  log e z are in

(A) A.P (B)G.P

(C) H.P (D) none of these

6. The arithmetic mean of two positive numbers is 6 and their geometric mean G and harmonic mean H satisfy the ralation G2 +3H
= 48. Then the product of the two numbers is
(A) 24 (B) 32 (C) 48 (D) 54

7. If x,y,z be three numbers in G.P. such that 4 is the A.M, between x and y and 9 is the H.M. between y and z, then y is

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12

1 1 1 1 
8. If harmonic mean of , , ,... , is 10 then =
2 2 2 23 210 2 1
(A) 10.210 (B) 5 (C) 5.210 (D) 10

9. An aeroplane flys around squares whose all sides are of length 100 miles. If the aerophane covers at a speed of 100 mph the first
side, 200 mph the second side 300 mph the third side and 400 mph the fourth side, The average speed of aeroplane around the
square is
(A) 190 mph (B) 195 mph (C) 192 mph (D) 200 mph

104
Multiple Correct Answer Type

10. Let a,x, b be in A.P : a,y,b be in G.P and z,z,b be in H.P if x = y + 2 and a = 5z, then
(A) y = xz
2
(B) x > y > z (C) a = 9, b = 1 (D) a= 1/ 4, b = 9/4

11. If A1,A2,A3 : G1, G2,G3 : and H1, H2, H3 are the three arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means between tow positive numbers a and
b (a > b ),then which of the folowing is/ are ture ?
(A) 2G1G3 = H2 (A1 +A3) (B)A2H2= G22 (C)A2G2= H22 (D) 2G1A1 = H1 (A1 +A3)

12. Given that   are roots of the equation Ax2 –4x + 1 = 0 and   are toots of the equation Bx2 –6x+ 1 = 0, If  and  are in H.P.,
then
(A) A = 5 (B) A = 3 (C) B = 8 (D) B = – 8

1 1 1 1
13. If    , then
a c 2b  a 2b  c

b b
(A) a,b,c are in A.P (B) a, , c are in A.P (C) a , , c are in H.P (D) a, 2b, c are in H.P
2 2

105
Sigma
DPP 4.4

Single Correct Answer Type

9 36 100
1. The sum of the series 1     .... infinite terms is
4 9 16
(A) 446 (B) 746 (C) 546 (D) 846

2. The sum 2 0+ 5 + 5× 9 + 8 × 13+....10 terms is

(A) 4500 (B) 4555 (C)  (D) None of these

1 1
3. The usm of n terms of series ab + a (a + 1) (b + 1) + (a +2) (b +2) +....+ (a+ (n–1)) (b + n – 1) if ab = and (a + b) = is
6 3

n n n
(A)
6
1  2n 
2
(B)
6
1  n  2n 2  (C)
6
1  2n  2n 2  (D) None of these

  
1
4.  i  j  k
i  I j l k  l
is equal to (where |a| > 1)

3 3
(A) (a –1)–3 (B) (C) 3 (D) None of these
a 1 a 1

5. Th coefficient of x1274 in the expansion of (x+1) (x–2)2

(x + 3)3 (x – 4)4 .... ( x + 49)49 (x–50)50 is
50 50

(C)  i (D)  i
2 2
(A) 1275 (B) – 1275
i 1 i 1

6. If the positive integers are written in a triangular array as shown below

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

then the row in which the number 2010 will be is

(A) 65 (B) 61 (C)  (D) 65

n i j

7. The value of    1  220 , then the value of n equals

i 1 j 1 k 1

(A) 11 (B) 12 (C)  (D) 9

106
10 10 10

The sum  is equal to

1
8. k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

(A) 240 (B) 720 (C) 540 (D) 1080

10 10 10

The sum 

1
9. k 1 j 1 i 1
is equal to
i  j k

(A) 120 (B) 240 (C) 360 (D) 720

Comprehension Type

For Q. 10 and 11
Letf (n) denote the nth terms of the sequence 3,6,11,18,27,... and g (n) denote the nth term of the sequence 3,7,13,21,... Let F(n) and G(n)
denote the sum of n terms of the above sequences, respectively. Now answer the following

f n
10. nlim
 g  n 


(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 

Fn
11. nlim
 G  n 


(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 

107
Miscellaneous Series
DPP 4.5

Single Correct Answer Type

35
1. If the sum to infinity of the series, 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3+ ... is , where |x| < i then "x" equals to
16
(A) 19/7 (B) 1/5 (C) 1/4 (D) None of these


 n 
  1
n 1
2. The value of  n  equals
n 1 5 

5 5 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 24 36 16

3. Find the sum of the infinite series

1 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 5 3

r n
r 4  r 2  1 675
4. If  4  , then n is equal to
r 1 r r 26

(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 25 (D) 30

1  1 1 1 
5. The sequence {xk} is defined by x k+1 = k 2k  x k and x1 Then  x  1  x  1  ....  x  1  (where [.] denotes the greatest
2  1 2 100 
integer function ) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 1

n 1 Tn 1 1
6. The absolute value of the sum of first 20 terms of series , if Sn = and T  n 2  1 , where n is odd given Sn and T n denotes
2 n

sum of first n terms and nth terms and nth is odd , given Sn and Tn denotes sum of first n tersm and nth terms and nth term of the series

(A) 340 (B) 430 (C) 230 (D) 320

7. If Sn = (12 –1+1) + (1!) + (22 –2 + 1) (2!) + .....+ (n2–n+1) (n!), then S 50 =

(A) 52! (B) 1 + 19 × 51! (C) 52!– 1 (D) 50 × 51! – 1
Sol. (B)
Tn = (n1 – n +1)n!
= (n2 –1) n! – (n –2)n!
Tn = (n –1) (n +1)n!
 Sn + 1 + (n–1) (n+1)!
 S50 = 1 + 49 × 5!

108
1.2 2.22 3.22
8. If Sn =    ....  up to n terms, then sum of infinite tersm is
3! 4! 5!

4 3 
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
 e r

9. There is a certain sequence of positive real numbrrs. Begining from the third term. each terms of the sequence is teh sum of all
the previous terms. The seventh terms is equal to 1000 and teh first terms is equal to 1. The second term of this sequence is equal
to

123 123
(A) 246 (B) (C) (D) 124
2 4

10. The sequence {x1 , x2, ..... x50} has the property that for each k,xk is k less than the sum of other 49 numbers. The value of 96x20 is

(A) 300 (B) 315 (C) 1024 (D) 0

11. Let a0 = 0 and an = 3an–1 + for  1. Then the remainder obtained dividing a2010 by 11 is
(A) 0 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 4

12. Suppose a,, a2, a3, .... a2012 are integers arranged on a circle. Each number is equal to the average of its tow adjacent numbers. If
the sum fo the sum of all efen indexed numbers is 3018, what is the sum of all numbers?
(A) 0 (B) 9054 (C) 12072 (D) 6036

9 13 17
13. The sum of the series 2
 3  4  ... upto infinity
5 .2.1 5 .3.2 5 4.3

9 1 2
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5

109
PART TEST – 1
Single choice Problems

1. If sec ( – 2), sec , sec ( + 2) are in arithmetical progression then cos2 =  cos2
 (  n; n  I) the value of  is:
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)
2

2. Let a, b, c, d, e are non-zero and distinct positive real numbers. If a, b, c are in A.P. ; b, c, d are
in G.P. and c, d, e are in H.P., then a, c, e are in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) Nothing can be said

3. If (m + 1)th , (n + 1)th , and (r + 1)th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P. and m, n, r are in
H.P., then the ratio of first term of the A.P. to its common difference is:

(A) – (B) – n (C) –2 (D) +n
2

4. If the equation x4 – 4x3 + ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 has four positive roots, then the value of (a + b) is :
(A) – 4 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) Can not be determined

5. If S1, S 2 and S3 are the sums of first n natural numbers, their squares and their cubes
S14S22 – S22 S32
respectively, then =
S12  S32
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

1·2 2·2 3·23

6. If S n = + + +........upto n terms then the sum of the infinite terms is :
3! 4! 5!
2 
(A) 1 (B) (C) e (D)
3 4

    
7. If tan  – x  , tan , tan   x  in order are three consecutive terms of a G.P. then sum
 12  12  12 
of all the solutions in [0, 314] is k. The value of k is:

(A) 4950 (B) 5050 (C) 2525 (D) 5010

S2 S S S
8. Let Sk = 1 + 2 + 3 + ......+ k and Qn = · 3 · 4 ········· n , where k, n  N lim
S2 –1 S3 –1 S4 –1 Sn –1 n 

Qn :
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 0
3

110

Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
log p 1
9. l, m, n are the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P. all positive, then log m q 1 equals :
log n r 1
(A) – 1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

10. The number of natural numbers < 300 that are divisible by 6 but not by 9 is :
(A) 49 (B) 37 (C) 33 (D) 16

xyz
11. If x, y, z > 0 and x + y + z = 1 then is necessarily.:
(1 – x) (1 – y) (1– z)
(A)  8 (B)  (C) 1 (D) None of these

 n 
12. If ,  be roots of the equation 375x2 – 25x – 2 = 0 and sn = n + n, then lim   Sr  =......... :
n 
 r 1 
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
12 4 3

13. If ai , i = 1, 2, 3, 4 be four real members of the same sign, then the minimum value of
a
 a i , i , j  {1, 2, 3, 4}, i  j is :
j

(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 24

14. Given that x, y, z are positive reals such that xyz = 32. The minimum value of x 2 + 4xy + 4y2 +
2z2 is equal :
(A) 64 (B) 256 (C) 96 (D) 216

15. In an A.P., five times the fifth term is equal to eight times the eight term. Then the sum of the
first twenty five terms is equal to :
25
(A) 25 (B) (C) –25 (D) 0
2

16. Let ,  be two distinct values of x lying in [0, ] for which 5 sin x, 10 sin x, 10 (4 sin 2 x +
1) are 3 consecutive terms of a G.P. Then minimum value of | – | =
  2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 5 5 5

17. In an infinite G.P., the sum of first three terms is 70. If the extreme terms are multiplied by 4
and the middle term is multiplied by 5, the resulting terms form an A.P. then the sum of
infinite terms of G.P. is:
(A) 120 (B) 40 (C) 160 (D) 80

111

The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”

 
k
18. The value of the sum  nk
is equal to:
2
k 1 n 1
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

19. Let p, q, r are positive real numbers, such that 27 pqr  (p + q + r)3 and 3p + 4q + 5r = 12,
then p3 + q4 + r5 =
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 4

1 1 1 1 1
20. Find the sum of the infinite series     ········
9 18 30 45 63
1 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 5 3

One or more than one answer is/are correct :

21. If the first and (2n – 1)th terms of an A.P., G.P. and H.P. with positive terms are equal and their
nth terms are a, b and c respectively, then which of the following options must be correct:
2ac
(A) a + c = 2b (B) a  b  c (C) =b (D) ac = b2
a c

22. Let a, b, c are distinct real numbers such that expression ax 2 + bx + c, bx 2 + cx + a and cx 2 + ax
a 2  b 2  c2
+ b are always positive then possible value(s) of may be :
ab  bc  ca
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

23. If a, b, c are in H.P., where a > c > 0, then :

a c 1 1
(A) b > (B) – 0
2 a –b b–c
(C) ac > b2 (D) bc (1 – a), ac (1 – b), ab (1 – c) are in A.P.

24. In an A.P., let Tr denote rth term from beginning , Tp = , Tq = , then :

1
(A) T1 = common difference (B) TP+q =
pq
1 1
(C) Tpq = (D) Tp+q = 2 2
pq pq

25. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct ?

(A) Sum of the reciprocal of all the n harmonic means inserted between a and b is equal to n
times the harmonic mean between two given numbers a and b.
(B) Sum of the cubes of first n natural number is equal to square of the sum of the first n
natural numbers.
2n
(C) If a, A1, A2, A3,......,A2n, b are in A.P. then  Ai  n(a  b) .
i 1
(D) If the first term of the geometric progression g1, g2, g3,....... is unity, then the value of the
2
common ratio of the progression such that (4g2 + 5g3) is minimum equals .
5

112
Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me
Subjective Type Problems

26. Let a, b, c, d are four distinct consecutive numbers in A.P. The complete set of values of x for
which
2(a – b) + x (b – c) 2 + (c – a)3 = 2 (a – d) + (b – d)2 + (c – d)3 is true is (–, ]  [, ), then
|| is equal to :

n
27. The sum of all digit of n for which  r2r = 2 + 2n+10 is :
r 1


r2 1
28. If lim
n 
 2r 1 r(r 1) = , then k =
k
r 1


8r
29. The value of  is equal to :
r 1 4r  1
4

30. Three distinct non-zero real numbers form an A.P. and the squares of these numbers taken in
same order form a G.P. If possible common ratio of G.P. are 3 ± n , n  N then n =

31. If 1111.........1– 222.........2 = PPP.........P then P =

2n times n times n times

32. In an increasing sequence of four positive integers, the first 3 terms are in A.P., the last 3
terms are in G.P. and the fourth term exceed the first term by 30, then the common difference
of A.P. lying in interval [1,9] is :

n
1 1
33. The limit of
n4
 (k(k  2) (k + 4) as n   is equal to  , then  =
k 1

34. What is the last digit of 1 + 2 + 3 +..........+ n if the last digit of 13 + 23 +......+ n3 is 1 ?

35. Three distinct positive numbers a, b, c are in G.P., while log c a, logb c, loga b are in A.P. with
non-zero common difference d, then 2d =

113
Time once gone, is gone forever
PART TEST –2
Single choice Problems

Sa S
1. If S r denote the sum of first ‘r’ terms of a non constant A.P. and 2
= b2 = c, where a, b, c
a b
are distinct then S c =
(A) c2 (B) c3 (C) c 4 (D) abc

2. In an infinite G.P. second term is x and its sum is 4, then complete set of values of ‘x’ is :
 1 1  1 1 
(A) (– 8, 0) (B)  – ,  – {0} (C)  –1, –    ,1 (D) (–8, 1] – {0}
 8 8  8 8 

3. The number of terms of an A.P. is odd. The sum of the odd terms (1st, 3rd etc.,) is 248 and the
sum of the even terms is 217. The last term exceeds the first by 56, then :
(A) The number of terms is 17 (B) The first term is 3
(C) The number of terms is 13 (D) The first term is 1

4. Let A1, A2, A3,........,An be squares such that for each n  1 the length of a side of An equals the
length of a diagonal of An+1. If the side of A1 be 20 units then the smallest value of ‘n’ for
which area of An is less than 1.
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10

 n
1
5. Let Sk =  , then  kSk equal :
i 0 (k  1)
i
k 1

n(n  1) n(n –1) n(n  2) n(n  3)

(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 2 2 2

2 5 1 10 2 17 3
6. The sum of the series + 2 + 2 + 2 + ······· upon n terms is equal :
1·2 2·3 3·4 4·5
n2 n  n  n n2n (n – 1)2n
(A) (B)  2 + 1 (C) –1 (D)
n 1  n 1  n 1 n 1

29
7. If (1 · 5)30 = k, then the value of  (1·5)n , is :
n 2
9
(A) 2k – 3 (B) k + 1 (C) 2k + 7 (D) 2k –
2

8. n arithmetic means are inserted between 7 and 49 and their sum is found to be 364, then n is :
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14

9. The third term of a G.P. is 2. Then the product of the first five terms, is:
(A) 23 (B) 24 (C) 2 5 (D) None of these

114
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
10. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. is 5n 2 + 4n, its common difference is :
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 3 (D) –4

11. If x + y = a and x 2 + y2 = b, then the value of (x3 + y3), is:

3ab – a 3
(A) ab (B) a2 +b (C) a + b2 (D)
2

12. If S1, S 2, S3,........,Sn are the sum of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 3,
2 2 2
5,......,(2n – 1) and whose common ratios are , ,........., respectively, then
3 5 2n  1
 1 1 1 
    .......upon inf inite terms  =
 S1S2S3 S2S3S4 S3S4S5 
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 60 12 3

13. Sequence {tn} of positive terms is a G.P. If t6 , 2, 5, t 14 form another G.P. in that order, then the
product t1t2t3.......t18t19 is equal to :
(A) 109 (B) 1010 (C) 10 17/2 (D) 1019/2

(A 2  A  1) (B2  B  1)(C 2  C  1) (D2  D 1)

14. The minimum value of where A, B, C, D > 0 is:
ABCD
1 1
(A) (B) 4 (C) 2 4 (D) 34
34 2
20 20
15. If  r 3 = a,  r 2 = b then sum of products of 1, 2, 3, 4.....20 taking two at a time is:
1 1

a –b a 2 – b2
(A) (B) (C) a – b (D) a2 – b2
2 2

16. The sum of the first 2n terms of an A.P. is x and the sum of the next n terms is y, its common
difference is:
x – 2y 2y – x x – 2y 2y – x
(A) 2
(B) (C) (D)
3n 2 3n 3n
17. If log2 4, log 2
8 and log3 9k–1 are consecutive terms of a geometric sequence, then the number
of integers that satisfy the system of inequalities x 2 – x > 6 and |x| < k2 is:
(A) 193 (B) 194 (C) 195 (D) 196

1
18. Let Tr be the rth term of an A.P. whose first term is – and common difference is 1, then
2
n

 1  Tr Tr 1Tr  2Tr 3 = :
r 1
n(n  1) (2n 1) 5n n(n  1) (2n  1) 5n 1
(A) – (B) – 
6 4 6 4 4
n(n  1) (2n  1) 5n 1 n(n  1) (2n  1) 5n
(C) –  (D) – 1
6 4 2 6 8

115
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
n
n(n  1) (n  2) n
2008
19. If  Tr = 3
, then lim  =:
r 1 Tr
n 
r 1
(A) 2008 (B) 3012 (C) 4016 (D) 8032

n
 1  1  1 
20. The absolute term in P(x) =   x –  x –  x –  as n approaches to infinity is :
r 1  r  r  1  r2
1 –1 1 –1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 4

One or more than one answer is/are correct :

21. If a, b, c are in 3 distinct numbers in H.P., a, b, c > 0, then :

bc –a ca –b a b–c bc ca a b
(A) , , are in A.P. (B) , , are in A.P.
a b c a b c
a–b a
(C) a 5 + c5  3b5 (D) =
b–c c

22. All roots of equation x5 – 40x4 + x3 + x2 = x +  = 0 are in G.P. If the sum of their
reciprocals is 10, then  can be equal to :
1 1
(A) 32 (B) –32 (C) (D) –
32 32

23. Let a1, a2, a3,..........be a sequence of non-zero real numbers which are in A.P. for k  N. Let fk
(x) = akx2 + 2ak+1 x + ak+2 :
(A) fk(x) = 0 has real roots for each k  N
(B) Each of fk(x) = 0 has one root in common
(C) Non-common roots of f1(x) = 0, f2(x) = 0, f3(x) = 0,.......from an A.P.
(D) None of these

24. Given a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, d are in G.P. and c, d, e are in H. P. If a = 2 and e = 18, then the
possible value of ‘c’ can be :
(A) 9 (B) – 6 (C) 6 (D) – 9

25. The number a, b, c in that order form a three term A.P. and a + b + c = 60. The number (a – 2),
b,
(c + 3) in that order form a three term G.P. All possible values of (a2 + b2 + c2) is/are:
(A) 1218 (B) 1208 (C) 1288 (D) 1298

Subjective Type Problems

1 1 1 1
26. The numbers , logx y, logy z, logz x are in H.P. If y = xr and z = xs , then 4(r + s) =
3 3 3 7

116

It's not the time to look for excuses


k2 p
27. If  3k  q ; where p and q are relatively prime positive integers. Find the value of (p+q).
k 1

28. The sum of the terms of an infinitely decreasing Geometric Progression (GP) is equal to the
greatest value of the function f(x) = x 3 + 3x – 9 when x  [–4, 3] and the difference between
p
the first and second term is f  (0). The common ratio r = where p and q are relatively prime
q
positive integers. Find (p +q).

29. A cricketer has to score 4500 runs. Let an denotes the number of runs he scores in the nth
match.
If a1 = a2 =........a10 = 150 and a10, a11, a12..........are in A.P. with common difference (–2). If N
be the total number of matches played by him to score 4500 runs. Find the sum of the digits of
N.
100
1
30. If x = 10  2 , then [x] = (where [·] denotes greatest integer function)
n 3 n – 4

4n  4n 2 –1
31. Let f(n) = , n  N then the remainder when f(1) + f(2) + f (3)+........+ f(60) is
2n  1  2n –1
divided by 9 is.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
32. Find the sum of series 1 +       +......., where the terms are the
2 3 4 6 8 9 12
reciprocals of the positive integers whose only prime factors are two's and t hree's :

33. Let a1, a2, a3,........,an be real numbers in arithmatic progression such that a1 = 15 and a2 is an
10 n
integer. l Given  (a r )2 = 1185. If S n =  a r and maximum value of n is N for which S n 
r 1 r 1
S(n–1), then find N – 10

34. Let the roots of the equation 24x 3– 14x2 = kx + 3 = 0 form a geometric sequence of real
numbers. If absolute value of k lies between the roots of the equation x 2 + a2 x – 112 = 0, then
the largest integral value of a is :

 1 1
35. How many ordered pair(s) satisfy log  x 3 y 3   = log x + log y
 3 9

117
You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
ANSWER KEY
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
4. 14, 9, 4 or 4, 9, 14 5. 5, 10, 15, 20 6. 33
7. 1:2 9. 5049 10. 1071

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. 70336 2. 900 3. 1/5 4. 7, 11, 15
5. 5 6. 14 8. 2 9. (i) 54 (ii) 18
10. 4, 12, 36

PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. 512 2. 2± 3 3. 6 5. 2184
2 10 n 
6.  (10  1)  n  9. 64 and 4
9 9 

PROFICIENCY TEST-04
n(n  1)(n  2)
1. –1 2. 40, 10 3. x = 1/5 4.
6
n3  n 2
5. 6. 3  2n – 2n – 3 10. 80
2

PROFICIENCY TEST-05
5 1
1. 3/16 2. 4. a = –1/4, b = 1 or a = 1/12, b = 19
2
81
5. 2 6. 3 9. 10. 2
208

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - IV(A)

1 n(10  n)
1. 277 2. 153 3. 0 4.
2 3
5. 30 6. –42 7. –185 8. 1325 3
21
9. 75 5 10. 820a – 1680b 11. n(n + 1)a – n2b 12. (11a  9b)
2
1 3 1 1
13.  ,  ,......, 9 14. 1, 1 ,....,  39 15. –33x, –31x, ..., x
4 4 4 2
16. 2 2
x – x + 1, x – 2x + 2, ...., x 17. n2 18. 3
19. 5 20. 612 21. 4, 9, 14 22. 1, 4, 7
p(p  1) n2
23. 495 24. 160 25.  pb 26. n(n  1)a 
2a a

118

It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - IV(B)
1. 10 or –8 2. 8 or –13 3. 2, 5, 8,......
1
4. First term 8, number of terms 59. 5. First term 7 , number of terms 54.
2
6. Instalments £51, £53, £55,...... 7. 12 8. 25
n
9. (2  n  3· x ) 10. n2 12. – (p + q)
2(1  x)
13. 3, 5, 7, 9 [Assume for the numbrs a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d] 14. 2, 4, 6, 8
15. p+q–m 16. 12 or – 17 17. 6r – 1 20. 10p – 8
1 1
21. 8 terms. Series 1 , 3, 4 ,...... 22. 3, 5, 7; 4, 5, 6 23. ry = (n + 1 – r)x
2 2

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - V(A)

2059 1281 1
1. 2. 3. 191 4. –682
1458 512 4

9   4  
2n
1093 1 p
5. 6. (5  1) 7. 1     8. 364  3  1
45 4 7   3  
1 463 3 2 16
9.  585 2  292  10.  11. ,1, 12. , 8, ....., 27
2 192 2 3 3
7 7 64 27
13. 7, ,....., 14. 15. 16. ·999
2 32 65 58
1 3 3  3 
17. 18. 19. 7  7  42  20. 2
2 2
21. 16, 24, 36, ..... 22. 2 23. 2 24. 8, 12, 18
1
25. 2, 6, 18 28. 6, –3, 1 , ......
2

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - V(B)

1 an na n 8 1 x 1 n
1.  2. 3. 4. 4 
(1  a) 2 1  a 3 (1  x) 2 2 n 2
2n 1
1 1
5. 6 6. 9. 10. 40, 20, 10
(1  x)3 (1  r)(1  br)

1 x(x n  1) n(n  1)a x 2 (x 2n  1) xy(x n yn  1)

11. 4,1, ,..... 12.  13. 
4 x 1 2 x2 1 xy  1

2 1  1 23
4p 2 a   1  2p  15. 1
n 2 n 1
14. 16. 19. n.2  2  2
9 2  8 48

(1  a)(a n c n  1) a  r(r 2n  1) 
20. 21.  2  n
ac  1 r 1  r  1 

119

Your target is to secure good rank in JEE

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - VI(A)
1 29 1 6 2 2 2 2
1. (1) 5; (2) 3 ; (3) 3 2. 6 ,7 3. , , ,
2 32 9 7 5 7 9 11
4. 6 and 24 5. 4 : 9 10. n2(n + 1)

1 1
11. n(n  1)(n 2  n  3) 12. n(n  1)(2n  7)
4 6

1 1 n 1
13. n(n  1)(n 2  3n  1) 14. (3  1)  2n 1
2 2

15. 4n 1  4  n(n 1)(n 2  n  1)

18. The nth term = b + c(2n – 1), for all values of n greater than 1.
The first term is a + b + c; the other terms form the A.P. b + 3c, b + 5c, b + 7c, .......
19. n4

n  n(n  1) 2 
20. (2a  n  1d) a 2  (n  1)ad  d 
2  2 

EXERCISE–I

1. (14n  6)/(8n + 23) 3. (a) 9 ; (b) 12 5. n = 14

7. – 180 8. 27 9. (8 ,  4 , 2 , 8)

1 1 1 545 11
10. (a) a = – , b = – ; (b) – ; (c) 11.
2 8 3 2 15

n ( 2n  1)(4n  1)
12. a = 5 , b = 8 , c = 12 14.  1 15. n2
3

16. (i) 2n+1  3; 2n+2  4  3n (ii) n² + 4n + 1; (1/6) n (n + 1) (2n + 13) + n

17. (i) sn = (1/24)  [1/{6(3n + 1) (3n + 4) }] ; s = 1/24

(ii) (1/5) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)
(iii) n/(2n + 1)

 1 1.3.5.....(2n  1)(2n  1) 
(iv) S n = 2   ; S = 1
2 2.4.6......(2n )(2n  2) 

n (n  1)
18. 19. 8281 20. n = 2000
2( n 2  n  1)
21. 1 23. 6, 3 24. 120, 30 25. 128

120

Believe you can & you are halfway there

EXERCISE–II
5 1 27
1. ; 2 2. 3. 23 4. 518
2 2
5. 200 6. 2p3 – 9pq + 27r = 0; roots are 1, 4, 7
7. (iii) b = 4, c = 6, d = 9 or b =  2, c =  6, d =  18
1
8. f (x) = [1 – cos x]; S = 5050 9. 8 problems , 127.5 minutes
2
11. 28 12. 4950 13. 2499
14. (a) a = 1 , b = 9 OR b = 1 , a = 9 ; (b) a = 1 ; b = 3 or vice versa
1 1
15.  ; – 16. C = 9 ; (3, 3/2 , 3/5)
3 27
18. n = 38 19. 931

EXERCISE–III
1. (a) B (b) D
2. If r = 1/3 ; n = 4 ; a = 108 ; If r = –1/3 then a = 216
3. (a) D (b) A 4. A=3 ; B=8 5. A.P.
6. x = 2 2 and y = 3
1
7. 
(a) A, (b) C, (c) D , (d) A1, A2 ,............ An   H1, H2 ,............ Hn   2n

8. (a) D 10. B 12. (a) C, (b) n = 7

13. n0 = 5 14. (a) B; (b) D; (c) B 15. (a) C; (b) A; (c) B
16. (a) B, D; (b) C 17. 3 18. 0 19. 9 or 3 20. 8
21. D 22. D 23. A, D 24. A 25. A
26. D 27. 4 28. C 29. C 30. 9
31. B 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. 6
36. C 37. D 38. 3748 39. A 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. B 44. B 45. B
46. D 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. A
51. B 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. B
56. C 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. A
61. B 62. A, B, D 63. 157 64. D 65. A
66. D 67. C 68. 29 69. C 70. 1540
71. D 72. 504 73. C 74. C 75. D
76. 14 77. D 78. B 79. B 80. B
81. 4 82. C 83. 39 84. B 85. B
86. D 87. A 88. D 89. D 90. B
91. D 92. B 93. A 94. 8.00 95. 1.00

121

It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing

QUESTION BANK
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 D
Q.6 C Q.7 A Q.8 D Q.9 D Q.10 D
Q.11 A Q.12 C Q.13 A Q.14 A Q.15 C
Q.16 D Q.17 C Q.18 B Q.19 A Q.20 B
Q.21 B Q.22 C Q.23 D Q.24 D Q.25 A
Q.26 B Q.27 C Q.28 D Q.29 ABCD Q.30 BC
Q.31 AB Q.32 ACD Q.33 BD Q.34 ABCD

D.P.P 4.1

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)

6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)

11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a)

D.P.P 4.2

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b)

6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)

11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (c)

D.P.P 4.3

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)

6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a,b,c)

11. (a,b) 12. (b,c) 13. (a,d)

D.P.P 4.4

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)

6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)

11. (b)

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You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want

D.P.P 4.5

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)

6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (b)

11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c)

PART TEST -1
1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 D
6 A 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 C
11 B 12 A 13 C 14 C 15 D
16 B 17 D 18 D 19 A 20 A
21 B,D 22 B,C 23 B,C,D 24 A,B,C 25 B,C
26 8 27 9 28 2 29 2 30 8
31 3 32 9 33 4 34 1 35 3

PART TEST -2
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 D
6 A 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 B
11 D 12 B 13 D 14 D 15 A
16 B 17 A 18 C 19 A 20 D
21 A,B,C,D 22 A,B 23 A,B 24 B,C 25 B,D
26 6 27 5 28 5 29 7 30 5
31 8 32 3 33 6 34 2 35 1

123

Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction

SEQUENCE & SERIES
REVISION PLANNER FOR MAINS
PROFICIENCY TEST 3
7.

PROFICIENCY TEST 4
1. 3. 10.

PROFICIENCY TEST 5
9

EXERCISE 1
1. 5. 7. 11. 15. 17(II) 18.
21.

EXERCISE 2
1. 3.

EXERCISE 3
6. 26. 47.

REVISION PLANNER FOR ADVANCE

EXERCISE 1
1. 19. 20. 25.

EXERCISE 2
1. 4. 5. 7. 12. 13.

EXERCISE 3
6. 4. 17. 94. 95

124

Never will you have this day again , so make it count

PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1. A sequence is given by the formula of its nth term : an = 10 – 3n. Prove that an is an arithmetic
progression.

Sol. nth term is :- an  10  3n

 a1  7, a2  4, a3  1, a4  2, a5  5,.......

The difference between the consecutive term is constant = –3

 The sequence is A.P.

2. Let an = n2 + 1 and bn is defined bn = an+1 – an.

Show that {bn} is an arithmetic sequence.

Sol. an  n 2  1

bn  an1  an  (n  1) 2 1  (n2  1)

 bn  2n  1

 b1  3, b2  5, b3  7, b4  9,....

Which is clearly an A.P.

3. Prove that if the numbers logkx, logmx and lognx(x  1) from an arithmetic progression then
n2 = ( kn )log k m .

Sol. log k x,log m x,log n x are in A.P.

 2  log m x  log k x  log n x

2 1 1 log x n  log x k
   
log x m log x k log x n log x k  log x n

2log x k  log x n
  log x ( nk )
log x m

2log x n
  log x nk  log x n 2  log x (nk ) log k m
log k m

 n2  (nk )logk m

4. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find the numbers.

125
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
Sol. Let 3 number in A.P. be a  d , a, a  d .

Sum of nos. = 27  3a  27  a  9

Sum square of nos. = 293

 (a  d ) 2  a2  (a  d )2  293

 3a2  2d 2  293

 3 81  2d 2  293 { a  9}

 d  5

 If a = 9, d = 5, then nos. are 4, 9, 14.

 If a = 9, d = –5, then nos. are 14, 9, 4.

5. Find four numbers in A.P. such that their sum is 50 and the greatest of them is 4 times the
least.

Sol. Let 4 numbers in A.P. be a  3d , a  d , a  d , a  3d

Sum of nos. = 50  4a  50  a  25 / 2

Greatest no. = 4 × Least no.

 a  3d  4(a  3d )

a 5
 15d = 3a  d 
5 2

 4 number in A.P. are : 5, 10, 15, 20

6. How many terms are identical in the two arithmetic progressions 2, 4, 6, 8,..... up to 100 terms
and 3, 6, 9,..... upto 80 terms.

Sol. Ist A.P.  2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, ……..

a1  2, d1  2

T100  2  (100  1)  2  200

IIst A.P.  3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ……..

a2  3, d 2  3

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The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
T80  3  (80  1)  3  240

 Identical terms in two A.P.’s are

6, 12, 18,….  A.P., a = 6, d = 6

Let Tn  200  6  ( n  1)  6

 n  3.33

 No. of identical terms = 33

7. The sum of n terms of two A.P.'s are in the ratio (3n – 13) : (5n + 21). Find the ratio of their
24th terms.

Sol. Let a1 & a2 be the first term and d1 & d 2 be the common difference of two A.P.’s
respectively.

( Sn )1 3n  13
Given :- 
( Sn ) 2 5n  21

n
 2a1  (n  1)d1  3n 13
 2 
n
 2a2  (n  1)d 2  5n  21
2

 n 1 
a1    d1
  2   3m 13 ……(1)
 n 1  5n  21
a2   d2
 2 

(T24 )1 a1  23d1
To Find :-  ; from (1)
(T24 )2 a2  23d 2

n 1
 23  n  47 Put in (1)
2

(T24 )1 3  47 13 1
 
(T24 ) 2 5  47  21 2

8. Suppose a1, a2,..... are in A.P. and Sk denotes the sum of the first k terms of this A.P. If Sn/Sm
a m 1 (2m  1) 3
= n4/m4 for all m, n  N, then prove that  .
a n 1 (2n  1) 3

Sol. a1 , a2 , a3 .... are in A.P.

127
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
Let ‘d’ be the common difference.

Sn n 4
 
Sm m 4

n
 2a1  (n 1)d  n 4
 2  4
n
 2a2  ( m  1)d  m
2

 n 1 
a1   d 3
  2   n ….(1)
 m 1  m3
a1   d
 2 

am1 a1  md
 ; from (1), Replace m  2m 1& n  2n 1
an1 a1  nd

am1 (2m  1)3

 
an 1 (2n  1) 3

9. In an A.P. of 99 terms, the sum of all the odd numbered terms is 2550. Then find the sum of
all the 99 terms of the A.P.

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.

 T1  T3  T5  ....  T99  2550

 a  (a  2d )  (a  4d )  ...  (a  98d )  2550

 50a  2(d  2d  ....  49)d  2550

 49  50 
 50a  2    d  2550
 2 

 a  49d  51

99
 S99   2a  98d   99 a  49d   99  51
2

= 5049

10. Find the degree of the expression (1 + x)(1 + x6)(1 + x 11).....(1 + x101).

Sol. (1  x)(1  x 6 )  (1  x11 )....(1  x101 )

Degree of polynomial = 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + …..+ 101 (A.P.)

128
Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus
Let ‘n’ be the no. of terms.

 101  1  (n 1)  5  n  21

21
 Degree of polynomial = S21   2 1  (21 1)  5
2

= 1071

129
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers, which are divisible by 7.

Sol. Smallest 3- digit No. = 100

100
  Remainder = 2
7

Largest 3-digit No. = 999

999
  Remainder = 5
7

 3 digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are :-

105, 112, 119,……, 994  A.P., a = 105 d = 7

Tn  994  105  (n 1)  7  n  128

128
 S128  (105  994)  70336
2

2. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the A.P., a1, a2, a3,......, if it is known that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 +
a20 + a24 = 225.

Sol. a1 , a2 , a3 .... are in A.P.

a1  a5  a10  a15  a20  a24  225

 (a1  a24 )  (a5  a20 )  (a10  a15 )  225

 (a1  a24 )  (a1  a24 )  (a1  a24 )  225

 a1  a24  75

24
 S24  (a1  a24 )  12  75
2

 S24  900

130
Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”
3. If the arithmetic progression whose common difference is non-zero, the sum of first 3n terms
is equal to the sum of next n terms. Then, find the ratio of the sum of the first 2n terms to the
sum of next 2n terms.

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.

 S3n  Sn ( next )

 S3n  S3n  S3n  Sn( next )

 2S3n  S4n

3n 4n
 2 2a  (3n  1)d   2a  (4n  1)d 
2 2

 2a  (1  n)d …..(1)

2n
S2 n  2a  (2n 1)d 
To find ;-  2
S 2n( next ) 2n
 2(a  (2n  1  1)d )  (2n 1)d 
2

2a  (2n  1)d

2a  (6n 1) d

(1  n)  (2n 1)
 {from(1)}
(1  n)  (6n  1)

1

5

4. Insert three arithmetic means between 3 and 19.

3 A.M .' s are inserted

Sol.
3 9

 31A1, A2 A3 ,19  A.P. of 5 terms

T5  19  3  (4)d  d  4

 3 A.M.’s are :-

A1  3  d  7

A2  3  2d  11

131
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
A3  3  3d  15

5. If eleven A.M.'s are inserted between 28 and 10, then find the number of integral A.M.'s.

11A.M .' s are inserted

Sol.
28 10

 28, A1, A2..... A11,10  A.P. of 13 terms

 T13  10  28  (12)d

3
 d 
2

 3
 nth A.M. is An  a  nd  28  n   
 2

for An to be an integer ‘n’ must be even

 Even value of n are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

 No. of integral A,M.s’ are 5

6. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means so that the ratio of the 7 th and (m – 1)th
means is 5 : 9. Find the value of m.

m A.M .' s are inserted

Sol.
1 31

 1, A1, A2 ,... Am ,31  A.P. of (m + 2) terms.

31  1 30
d 
m  1 m 1

A7 5

Am 1 9

30
1 7
a  7d 5 m  1 5
   
a  (m  1)d 9 1  ( m  1)  30 9
m 1

m  211 5
 
31m  29 9

 m  14

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Take your Dreams seriously
7. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is m 2 : n2. Show that the ratio of the mth and
nth terms is (2m – 1) : (2n – 1).

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.

m
Sm m2  2a  (m  1) d  m2
   2  2
Sn n 2 n
 2a  (n 1) d  n
2

 m 1 
a d
  2  m …..(1)
 n 1  n
a d
 2 

Tm a  (m 1) d
  ; from (1), replace m  2m  1& n  2n 1
Tn a  (n 1) d

2m  1

2n  1

8. If a, b, c, d are distinct integers in an A.P. such that d = a 2 + b2 + c2, then find the value of
a+b+c+d.

Sol. a, b, c, d are in A.P. & a, b, c, d  I

Let D be the common difference

 b  a  D, c  a  2D, d  a  3D

Given :- d  a 2  b2  c 2

 a  3D  a 2  (a  D)2  (a  2D)h2

 a  3D  3a 2  5D2  6aD

 3a 2  (6D  1)a  5D2  3D  0

(6 D 1)  (6D 1) 2 12(5D 2  3D)

 a
6

(6 D 1)  24D 2  24 D  1

 a = Integer …(1)
6

133
Do something today that your future self will thank you for
For ‘a’ to be I 24D2  24D  1 = Perfect Square

Range of 24 D2  24D  1  ( ,7]

 Possible non-ve perfect square are 0,1,4

 If 24 D2  24D  1  0  D  I (Reject)

 If 24 D2  24D  1  4  D  I (Reject)
 If 24 D2  24D  1 1  D  0,1
But D  0 , as non. are distinct  D  1
 On potting D = 1 in (1), we get a = –1
 a  1, b  0, c  1, d  2
 a b c d  2

9. If the third and fourth terms of an arithmetic sequence are increased by 3 and 8 respectively,
then the first four terms form a geometric sequence. Find
(i) The sum of the first four terms of A.P. (ii) The second term of the G.P.

Sol. Let the 4 nos. in A.P. be a  3d , a  d , a  d & a  3d.

According to the given condition,

a  3d , a  d , a  d  3, a  3d  8 are in G.P.

 (a  d ) 2  (a  3d )(a  d  3)

 a2  d 2  2ad  a2  3d 2  3a  9d  2ad

 4d 2  3a  9d ……(1)

and

(a  d  3) 2 (a  d )(a  3d  8)

 a2  d 2  9  2ad  6d  6a  a 2  3d 2  8a  8d  2ad

 4d 2  2a 14d  9 ……(2)

From (1) & (2), 3a  9d  2a 14d  9

 a  5d  9 ; Put in (1)

 4d 2  3  5d  9   9d

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Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
3 9
 4d 2  24d  27  0  d  or d 
2 2

3 3
 If d   , then a   (Reject), a  d  0 and any term of G.P. can never be O.
2 2
9 27
 If d   , then a 
2 2
(i) Sum of 4 terms of A.P. = 4a = 54
(ii) Second term of G.P. a  d  18

10. Three positive numbers from a G.P. If the second term is increased by 8, the resulting
sequence is an A.P. In turn, if we increase the last term of this A.P. by 64, we get a G.P. Find
the three numbers.

a
Sol. Let 3 + ve numbers in G.P. be , a, ar
r

{a > 0 and r > 0}

According to the given conditions.

a
, a  8, ar are in A.P.
r

a
 2( a  8)   ar ….(1)
r

and

a
, a  8, ar  64 are in G.P.
r

a
 (a  8)2  (ar  64) …..(2)
r

On solving equation (1) & (2), we get

4r
a & r 2  2r  15  0
4r

 r  5 or r=3

(Reject)

 a = 12

135
The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”
 3 nos. in G.P. are :- 4, 12, 36

PROFICIENCY TEST-03

1. Fifth term of a G.P. is 2. Find the product of its first nine terms.

Sol. Let G.P. be a, ar , ar 2 , ar 3 ,....

T5  2  ar 4  2

 Product of first nine terms

 a  ar  ar 2 ....ar 8
89
 a9  r 12...8  a9  r 2
 a 9  r 36

 (ar 4 )9  29  512

2. Three numbers are in G.P. If we double the middle term, we get an A.P. Then find the
common ratio of the G.P.

a
Sol. Let 3 nos. in G.P. be , a, ar
r

a
 , 2a, ar are in A.P.
r

a
 2  2a   ar
r

 r 2  4r  1  0

r  2 3

3. Determine the number of terms in a G.P., if a1 = 3, an = 96 and Sn = 189.

Sol. Let the common ratio of G.P. be r

a1  3, an  a1r n1  96

 3  r n1  96  r n  32r …..(1)

and Sn  189

136
Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me
 r n 1   32r 1 
 a1    189  3     189 (from(1))
 r 1   r 1 

 r = 2,  from (1), (2)n = 32  2  64

 No. of terms = n = 6

4. Prove that 61/2 × 61/4 × 61/8.....  = 6.

1 1 1
Sol. LHD  6 2  6 4  6 8.......
1 1 1
  
2 4 8 ....... (  G. P.)
6
 1 
 2 
 
 1 1 
6  2
 6  RHS
6
5. Find  23
i 1
i

6 6
Sol.  2.3
i 1
i
 2 3i
i 1

 2 3  32  ....  36  G. p

 36  1
 2 3  2184
3 1

6. Find the sum of n terms of the series 2 + 22 + 222 + .....

Sol. Let Sn  2  22  222  .... upto n- terms

2
 Sn  (9 + 99 + 999 + …..upto n- terms)
9

2
 (10 1)  (102 1)  (103 1)  ....  (10 n 1) 
9

2
 10  102  103  ....  10n  n 
9  G.P. 

137
Time once gone, is gone forever
2  10n  1  
 10     n
9  10  1  

2  n 1
 10  9n  10 
81

7. If x = 1 + a + a2 + a3 +..... and y = 1 + b + b2 + b3 +..... , show that

xy
1 + ab + a2b2 + a3b3 +.....  = , where 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1.
x  y 1

Sol. x  1  a  a 2  ....( G.P.)

1 1 1 x 1
 x  1 a   a  1 
1 a x x x

y 1
Similarly, b 
y

 LHS  1  ab  (ab) 2  (ab)3  ...( G.P.)

1 1
 
1  ab  x  1  y 1 
1  
 x   y 

xy
  RHS
x  y 1

1 1 1
8. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then prove that  2  2.
(G  x ) (G  y ) G
2 2 2

Sol. G is the geometric mean of x and y

 G 2  xy

1 1 1 1
 LHS   2  
G x G y
22 2
xy  x 2
xy  y 2

1 1
 
x( y  x) y ( x  y )

1 1 1  ( y  x)
   
( y  x )  x y  ( y  x) xy

1 1
  2  RHS
xy G

138
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
9. Find two numbers whose arithmetic mean is 34 and the geometric mean is 16.

Sol. Let the two nos. be a & b

a b
 A.M .   34  a  b  68 …..(1)
2

&

G.M .  ab  16  ab  256 …..(2)

On solving (1) & (2)

a = 64, b=4 or a = 4, b = 64

 Two nos. are 64 & 4

10. If a is the A.M. of b & c, and the two geometric means between b & c are G1 and G2, then
prove that G13 + G23 = 2abc.

Sol. a is the A.M. of b & c

bc
 a ……(1)
2

2G.M .' s are inserted

b c

 b, G1 , G2 , c are in G.P., let common ratio = r

1
 c 3
 r  
b
2 1 1 2
 G1  br  b 3  c 3 & G2  br 2  b 3  c 3

 LHS  G13  G23  b 2c  bc 2  bc(b  c)

 2abc {from (1), b +c = 2a}

139
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
PROFICIENCY TEST-04

  ( n11)  

1. Let P =  10 2   then find log0.01 (P).

n 1 



Sol.

 1
 1
P   10 2 n1  101 10 2 10 4 10 8......
1 1

n 1

 1 1 1 
 1   .... 
 10 2 4 8 
( G.P.)

1
1
1
 10 2
 102  100

 log 0.01 P  log102 102  1

2. The A.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the G.M. by 5, and the G.M. exceeds the
H.M. by 4. Find the numbers.

Sol. Let the 2 +ve nos. be a & b

Let A.M. = A, G.M. = G & H.M. = H

 A  G  5 & G  H  4  H  G 4

we also know that for two nos.

G 2  AH

 G 2  (G  5)(G  4)

 G2  G 2  G  20  G = 20

 A  G  5  25

a b
 A  25  & G  20  ab
2

140
It's not the time to look for excuses
 a  b  50 & ab  200

On solving, a = 40, b = 10 or a = 10 b = 40

35
3. If the sum to infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ...... is then find x.
16

Sol. Let S1  4x  7 x 2  10x 3  ....  AG

. .P.

 x  S  x  4 x 2  7 x3  ....
substract
 (1  x)  S   1  3x  3x 2  3x3  ....

 1  3 x(1  x  x 2  ....) G.P.

1 1  2x
 1  3x  
1 x 1 x

1  2 x 35
 S   (given)
(1  x) 2 16

 (5 x 1)(7 x 19)  0

1 19
 x or x (  1)
5 7

 Rejected

1
 x
5

4. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +.....

Sol. 1  (1  2)  (1  2  3)  ...

n(n  1)
Tn  1  2  3  ....  n 
2

n2  n
Tn 
2

141
You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
n
1 n 2 n 
 Sn   Tn   n  n S
n 1 2  n 1 n 1 

1  n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1) 

 
2  6 2 

1 n(n  1)
   2n 1  3
2 6

1
Sn   n(n  1)( n  2)
6

5. Evaluate 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + 35 + .....

Sol. the difference of terms are in A.P.,

 Tn  an2  bn  c

3
a
T1  1  a  b  c  1  2
 1
 T2  5  4a  2b  c  5  On solving b
2
T3  12  9a  3b  c  12 
 c0

3 1
 Tn    n 2    n
2 2
n
3 n 2 1 n
 Sn   Tn  n  2  n
n 1 2 n 1 n 1

3  n(n  1)(2n 1)  1 n(n 1)

   2 2
2  6

n(n  1)(2n 1 1) n 3  n 2

 
4 2

6. Find the sum of n-terms 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .....

Sol.  G.P. with common ratio = 2

the difference of terms are in G.P.,

 Tn  3  (2) n1  a

142
It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
T1  3  a  1  a  2

 Tn  3  (2) n1  2

n n
 Sn  nTn  3 2n 1  21
n 1 n 1 n 1

 3(1  2  2 2  23  ....  2n1 )  2n

G.P.

 2n  1 
 3  1   2n
 2 1 

Sn  3(2n  1)  2n

7. If a, b, c, d are four positive real numbers such that abcd = 1,

Prove that (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c) (1 + d)  16.

Sol. Apply A.M .  G.M . on 1 & a (a > 0)

1 a
  a
2

 1 a  2 a

1 b  2 b
Similarly 1 c  2 c
1  d  2 d Multiply all

 (1  a)(1  b)(1  c)(1  d )  16 abcd  16

{ abcd = 1}

8. If x, y, z be positive numbers, show that (x + y + z)3  27 xyz.

Sol. Apply A.M .  G.M . on 3 + ve nos. x, y, z

1
x yz
  ( xyz ) 3
3

 x  y  z  27( xyz )

9. If n is positive integer, show that 22n+ 1 > 1 + (2n + 1)2n.

143
Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
Sol. 22n1  1  (2n  1)  2n

 22n1 1  (2n  1)  2n

 22 n 1 1  1
    2n
 2  1  (2n 1)

 Apply A.M .  G.M . on (2n + 1) distinct nos. 1, 2, 22 , 23 ,...., 22 n

1  2  22  ...  2 2 n  
1
  1 2  2 .....2
2 2 n 2 n 1

(2n  1)

1  2 2 n1 1
1
1
  2 12... 2 n  2 n 1
 
 
(2  1) (2n  1)

2 n (2 n 1) 1
22 n  1 
  2 2 2 n1
(2n  1)

 22n  1  (2n  1)  2n

 22n  1  (2n 1)  2n

10. In the equation x4 + px3 + qx2 + rx + 5 = 0 has four positive real roots, then find the minimum
value of pr.

Sol. x4  px 3  qx 2  rx  5  0 ;     r,   0

  r  5

     r   p

Apply A.M .  G.M . on     r , 

    r  1
  ( r ) 4
4
1
  p  4(5) 4
……(1)

  r  r
Apply A.M .  G.M . on  r,  r , r , 

 r ,  r , r ,  1
  3  3 r 3 3  4
4

144
Believe you can & you are halfway there
3
 r  4(5) 4 ….(2)

(1) ×(2)  pr  16  5

 80

 Min. value of pr = 80

PROFICIENCY TEST-05
3n 1
1. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 3 – , then find the common ratio.
4 2n
Sol. For a G.P.,
3n1
Sn  3 
42 n
3  9 39
Put n  1  S1  T1   ….(1)
16 16
3  27 741
Put n  2  S 2  T1  T2   ….(2)
256 256
741 39 117
(2) – (1)  T2   
256 16 256
T2 3
 Common Ration of G.P.  
T1 16

2. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next
two terms.Then find the common ratio.
Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘r’ be the common ratio of G.P. (a, r > 0)
Given :- Tn  Tn 1  Tn2

 ar n1  ar n  ar n1
 r 2  r 1  0
1  5 1  5
r r (ve)
 2 or 2
 

5 1
 r
2

145
It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing
3. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d)2  0, then prove that a, b, c are in G.P.

Sol.  a2  b2  c 2  p2  2  ab  bc  cd  p  b2  c 2  d 2   0
 a 2p2  b2 p2  c2p2  2abp  2bcp  2cdp  b2  c2  d 2  0

 a p 2 2
 2abp  b2    b 2 p2  2bcp  c 2    c 2p2  2cdp  d 2   0

 ap  b    bp  c   cp  d 
2 2 2
 0
0 0 0

 ap  b  0 & bp  c  0 & cp  d  0

a b c
   p
b c d
 a, b, c, d are in G.P.
4. If first three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms
are in harmonic series, then find the value of a and b.
1 1
Sol. ,a, b,
16 6
1
First 3 are in G.P.,  a2  b ….(1)
16
1
2a 
Least 3 are in H.P.,  b 6  2a ….(2)
1 6a  1
a
6
2a
From (1) & (2), 16a 2   8a(6a  1)  1
6a  1
 48a 2  8a 1  0  (12a  1)(4a  1)  0
1 1
 a or a
2 4
1 1
 If a  , b
12 9
1
 If a   , b=1
4

5. If H is the harmonic mean between P and Q, then find the value of H/P + H/Q.
Sol. H is the H.M. of P & Q

146
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
2 1 1 H H
     2
H P Q P Q

a 2  d 2
6. If a, b, c and d are in H.P., then find the value of .
b 2  c 2
Sol. a, b,c, d  H.P.
1 1 1 1
 , , ,  A.P. ; Let common difference be D
a b c d

1 1  1  1  1  1 
2 2  2   
a d
a d 
2 a d  a d 

b 2  c2 1 1  1 1  1 1 
   
b 2 c 2  b c 
 b c 

1 1   1 1 
 a   a  3D     a  a  3D 
    
 3
1  1 
  1 1 
 a  D   a  2D     a  D  a  2D 
    
7. If a, a1, a2, a3,....., a2n, b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,....., g2n, b are in G.P. and h is the H.M. of
a and b, then prove that
a1  a 2n a 2  a 2n 1 a  a n 1 2n
 +.....+ n 
g1g 2n g 2g 2n 1 g n g n 1 h
Sol.  a,a1,a 2 ,.....,a 2n 1, a 2n , b  A.P.


a1  a 2n a 2  a 2n 1 a  a n 1
LHS    .....  n
g1  g 2n g 2  g 2n 1 g n  g n 1
a b a b a b
   ....  (n  times)
ab ab ab
 2ab 
 H.M. of a & b 
 n
 a  b  2n  a  b

  RHS 
2ab 
 ab  h  h  

 (a  b) 


8. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the
a b c
squares of their reciprocals, then prove that , and are in H.P.
c a b

b c
Sol. ax 2  bx  c  0       &  
a a

147
Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
1 1
   2
 
2

     2
2

  
  
2

b 2 2c

b a 2 a b 2  2ac
  
a c2 c2
a2
c b 2  2ac b 2a
   
a bc c b
2a c b
  
b a c
c a b
 , , are in A.P.
a b c
a b c
 , , are in H.P.
c a a

1 1 44
9. If the sum to infinity of the series 3 + (3 + d) + (3 + 2d) 2 + .....  is , then find d.
4 4 9

1 1
Sol. Let S  3  (3  d)  3  2d  2  ....  A.G.P.
4 4

1
Multiply by
4

1 1 1
 S  (3)  (3  d) 2  .....
4 4 4 Subtract
3 1 1
 S  3  (d)  (d) 2  ......
4 4 4

3 1 1 1 
 S  3  d   2  3  ....   G.P.
4 4 4 4 

1
 3 d 4
1
1
4

3 d
 S  3 
4 3

148
Never will you have this day again , so make it count
4d 44
 S  4   (given)
9 9

 d=2

149
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
EXAMPLES- IV (a)
n
1. S 2a  (n  1)d
2
1 5
here a  8, d  3  2  , n  20
4 2
20  95  555 1 1275 1
 Sum of 20 terms =  4    277   637
2  4 2 2 2 2
2. Here a = 49, d = –5, n = 17
17 17
S17  98  16  5  18  153
2 2
3 2 3 1
3. Here a  , d     , n  19
4 3 4 12
19  3 1  19  3 3 
 S19  2  18         0.
2  4 12  2  2 2 
2
4. Here a  3, d   , n  n
3
n 2 n(n 1) 9n  n 2  n n(10  n)
 Sn  6  (n  1)   3n   
2 3 3 3 3
5. Here a  3.75, d   25, n  16
16
 S16  2(3  75) 15(   25)   60  30  30
2
1 1
6. Here a  7 , d  , n  24
2 2
  15  1
 S24 2     23    180  138  42
  2 2
7. here a  1 3,d  4  4,n  10
10
 S10  2(1 3)  9(4  4)   13 198  0  185
2
6 6
8. Here ,d  3 3   3, n  50
3 3
50  6 
 S50   2  49  3   1325 3.
2  3 
3 1
9. Here a  ,d  , n  25
5 5
 3 24  375
 S25 2     75 5.
 5 5 5
10. Here first term = (a – 3b)
Common diff. d  (a  2b) and No. of terms = 40
150
The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
40
 S40  2(a  3b)  39(a  2b)
2
 820a  1680b
11. Here first term = (2a  b),d  (2a  2b), n  n
n
 Sln  4a  2b  (n 1)(2a  2b)
2
 n(2a  b)  (n 1)(a  b)  n  n (n 1)a  nb 
 n(n  1)a  n 2b
a b a b a b
12. Here T1  ,c.diff .  a   , n  21
2 2 2
21   a  b   a  b 
 S21   2   (21  1)  
2   2   2 
21
 11a  9b .
2
1 3
13. Let A1, A2 , A3 ,....A19 be the nineteen A.m’s between and 9 .
4 4
1 3
 a  ,(19  2)  21st term  9 .
4 4
Let the common difference be d.
3 1 1
 9    21  1 d ie. d  
4 4 2
1 1 1
 A1    
4 2 4
1 1 3
A2     
4 2 4
… … ….
… … ….
1  1 37
A19   19      .
4  2 4
1 3 37
 The required A.m’s are ,  ,... 
4 4 4
1 1
14. As in question above here a  3 ,17  2  19 th term  41 , let common diff. be d.
2 2
1 7 5
 41   (19 1)d or d
2 2 2
7 5
 1st A.M.    1
2 2
7  5 3
2nd A.M.   2     
2  2 2

151
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
………………………………….
…………………………………..
7  5
17th A.M.   17      39
2  2
3
Here the required A.M.’s are 1, ,....  39 .
2
15. Here a  35x, 18  2  20th term = 3x. If c. diff. = d.
Then 3x  35x  (20 1)d or 38x  19d or d = 2x
 st
1 A.M. = 35x  2x  33x
2nd A.M.= 35x  2(2x)  31x
………………………………..
18th A.M. = 35x  2(18)x  x
 Reqd. A.M.’s are = 33x, 31x,...., x .

16. Here first term is x 2 ,(x  2)th term = 1, let c. diff, be = d.

 1  x 2  (x  2 1)d or d 1 x
 A1  x 2  (1  x)  x 2  x  1
A2  x 2  2(1  x)  x 2  2x  2
……………………………….
Ax  x 2  x(1  x)  x
Hence the reqd. A.M’s are = x 2  x 1, x 2  2x  2,..., x .
17. The 1st n odd number are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …….
Here a = 1, d = 2, n = n
n
 Sn  2  (n 1)  2  n 2 .
2

18. 1st term a = 2. last term l = 29, Sn  155

n
Sn  (a  1)
2
n 31n
 155  2  29   n  10
2 2
Now let d be the c. diff. then
10th term  2  (10 1)d  2  9d
 29  2  9d i.e. d = 3.
19. Here n = 15, S15  600 , c. diff. = 5, let the 1st term be a.
n
 Sn  2a  (n 1)d 
2

152
Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus
15
or 600  2a  (15 1) 5  15a  525
2
or 15a  75  a=5
rd th
20. 3 term = 18,7 term = 30, S17  ?
Let a be the 1st term and d be the c. diff. of the A.P. then
18  a  2d ….(i)
30  a  6d ….(ii)
Solving these we get a = 12, d = 3
17
 S17  2 12  (17 1)  3  612.
2

21. Let a  d,a,a  d be three number of an A.P. as given, we get

(a  d)  a  (a  d)  27 i.e. a=9
Also (a  d)(a)(a  d)  504
or a(a 2  d 2 )  504 or 9(81  d 2 )  504 i.e. d  5
Hence the three number are 4,9,14 or 14,9,4.
22. Let the three number of an A.P. be a  d,a,a  d
then (a  d)  a  (a  d)  12 or a = 4
Also (a  d) 3  a 3  (a  d)  408
or a 3  3a 2d  3ad 2  d3  a 3  a 3  3a 2d  3ad 2  d3  408
or 3a 3  6ad 2  408
3(4)3  6(4)d 2  408 or 24d 2  216 or d  3
 Reqd. Nos. are 1,4,7 or 7,4,1.

23. nth term Tn  4n  1

 1st term T1  4.1 1  5
2nd term T2  4.2  1  9
3rd term T3  4.3 1  13
Thus the series is 5,9,13,…. Its common diff. is 4
15 15
 S15  2.5  (15 1)  4  10  56  495.
2 2
p
24. pth term Tp   2
7
1 15
 1st term T1   2 
7 7
2 16
2nd term T2   2 
7 7

153
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
3 17
3rd term T3  2
7 7
……………………….
15 16 17 1
The series is , , ,........ Its c. diff. is
7 7 7 7
35  15 1 75
 S35  2   (35 1)    2   85  160.
2  7 7 2

n
25. nth term Tn  b
a
1
 1st term T1   b
a
2
2nd term T2   b
a
3
3rd term T3   b
a
1
Hence common diff.is
a
p 1  1  p(p 1)
 Sp  2   b    p  1     pb.
2 a  a 2a

2a 2  1
26. Here 1st term 
a
3 4a 2  3
2nd term = 4a  
a a
4a 2  3 2a 2  1 2 2
 c. dif. d    (a 1)
a a a
n
  2a 2  1   a 2 1   
Hence Sn  2
    (n  1)   2
2
  a   a   

 2a  1
 n
2
 (n 1)
 a 2 1 


 a a 
 
n n2

2
2a 2 1  (n 1)(a 2 1)  an(n 1) 
a
Note – when the value of n is a fractional, there is no exact number of terms which corresponding to
such a solution.

154
Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”
EXAMPLES – IV (B)

1. Here a  2,d  4,S  160, n  ?

n
Sn  2a  (n 1)d 
2
n
 160   4  (n 1)4  2n 2  4n
2
or n  2n  80  0
2
or (n  10)(n  8)  0 i.e. n = 10 or –8.
st
Interpretation of (–8) :- If we count at least of 1 10 terms and count backward 8 terms, the
sun will also be 160.

2. Let n be the required numbers of terms; then

n
208   24  (n  1)4   12n  n(n  1)2
2
or n 2  5n 104  0 which gives n  8, 13 n  8 .

3. Let the series be a,a  2d,a  3d,....

Its 3rd term = a  2d
Its 1st term = a and 6th term = a  5d
As given in question, we have
2d
a  2d  4a or a
3
2d
a  5d  17 or  5d  17  d = 3, a = 2
3
Hence the required series is 2,5,8,11.

4. Let the first term is a and the number of terms is the series is n, then
31  31 
T1  a, T2   c. diff. d    a 
4 4 
 31  1
Now 31st term a  (31  1)d  a  30   a   (given)
 4  2
465 1
or 29a   or a 8
2 2
155

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

31 1
 c. diff. d  8  
4 4
13  1
Last term    a  (n  1)d  8  (n  1)   
2  4
 1 13 29
or (n  1)       8  
 4 2 2
or n 1  58 i.e. n= 59
st
Here 1 term is 8, number of terms is 59.

5. Let a be the 1st term, n be the number of terms and d be the c. diff. then
T1  a,T4  a  3d  0
T42  a  41d  95
15 5
From (i) and (ii), we get a  ,d  
2 2
15  5
 Last term Tn  a  (n 1)d   (n 1)   
2  2
15  5
But Tn  125  125   (n 1)   
2  2
which given (n 1)  53 , No. of terms = 54.

6. Let a,a  d,a  2d,..... etc. be the 40 instalments forming an A.P.

40
 S40  2a  (39)d 
2
i.e. 3600  20(2a  39d) ….(i)
30
and 2400   2a  29d  ( he paid 30 instalments)
2
or 2400  15(2a  29d)
Solving (i) and (ii) for a and d, we get a = 51, d=2
Hence the first instalment is Rs. 51.

7. Let the first number is x.

 13 
Hence the second will be   x 
 6 
 13 
Now let means inserted between x and   x  be 2n
6 
 13 
 (2n  2)th term   x  . If c. diff. is d then
6 
13
 x  x  (2n  2 1)d  x  (2n 1)d
6
156

Take your Dreams seriously

13  12x
or d
6(2n  1)
13 12x 12nx  13  6x
 1st term A1  x  d  x  
12n  6 12n  6
 13 12x 
2nth mean A 2n  x  2n  d  x  2n   
 12n  6 
12nx  6x  26n  24

12n  6
26n  6x 12nx

12n  6
 Sum of 2n means
2n n
 A1  A 2n  since S   a  1
2 a
12nx  13  6x 26n  6x  12nx 
 n  
 12n  6 12n  6 
13(2n  1)  13
 n  n
 6(2n  1)  6
13n
Since  2n  1
6
 13n  12n  6 or n=6
Hence the No. of means  2n  2  6  12 .

8. In 2,5,8,……..
a = 2, d = 3 and Sn  950
n n
 950  2  2  (n 1)  3  3n 1
2 2
or 1900  3n  n
2
or 3n 2  n 1900  0
or (3n  76)(n  25)  0
It gives n = 25. (other value of n is inadmisible)

1 1 1
9. In , , .... we have
1 x 1 x 1 x
1 1 1 x
, c. diff. d   
1 x 1 x 1 x 1  x
n
 2 x 
 Sn    (n 1)  
1  x
2 1 x 

n
2  2 x  n x  x 

  
2
 1 x 


157
Do something today that your future self will thank you for

n
2(1  x)

2  (n  3)  x 
10. Let a,a  d,a  2d,a  3d,...... be in A.P.
n
Sn  2a  (n 1)d  (formula)
2
7
49   2a  6d 
2
or a  3d  7
17
and 289   2a  16d 
2
or a  8d  17
Solving (i) and (ii) for a and d we get a = 1, d = 2
Hence the series is 1,3,5,7,9,………
n
Now Sn   2 1  (n 1)  2   n 2
2

11. Suppose x, x  d, x  2d, x  3d.... be in A.P.

nth term  a  (n 1)d
 Tp  x  (p 1)d  a …(i)
Tq  x  (q 1)d  b …(ii)
Tr  x  (r 1)d  c …(iii)
Multiplying (i) by (q  r) , (ii) (r  p) . (iii) by (p  q) and adding them all we get
x (q  r)  (r  p)  (p  q)   d (q  r)(q 1)  (r  p)(q 1)  (p  q)(r 1) 
 a(q  r)  b(r  p)  c(p  q)
or 0  a(q  r)  b(r  p)  c(p  q)

12. Let a,a  d,a  2d,a  3d,.... be in A.P.

p
 Sp  2a  (p  1)d   q
2
2q
or  2a  (p  1)d …(i)
2
q
and Sq   2a  (q  1)d   p
2
2p
or  2a  (q  1)d …(ii)
q
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get

(p  q)d  2
q 2
 p2 
2
(q  p)(q  p) 2(q  p)(q  p)

pq pq pq

158
Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
2(p  q)
 d
pq
 2(p  q)  2q
From (i) 2a  (p 1)  
 pq  p
Dividing by (2)
p (p  1)(p  q) q 2  p 2  pq  p  q
a  
q pq pq
pq
 Spq  2a  (p  q 1)d 
2
p  q  2q 2  2p 2  2pq  2p  2q 2(p  q) 
  (p  q 1)
2  pq pq 
On simplification Spq  (p  q) .

13. Let a  3d, a  d,a  3d be the four integers in A.P. then their sum is 24
 a  3d  a  d  a  d  a  3d  24 or a=6
Also their product is 945
(a  3d)(a 2  d 2 )(a  3d)  945
or (a 2  9d 2 )(a 2  d2 )  945
or a 2 10a 2d 2  9d 4  945 or 64 10  36d 2  9d 4  945
or 9d 4  360d 2  351  0 or (9d 2  351)(d 2 1)  0
 d 2  39 or d2  1
i.e. d   39 or 1
Hence the numbers are 3,5,7,9,….. when d = 1
and 9,7,5,3, when d  1 ,
other value of d are to be neglected as number will not be integers.

14. The four Nos. in A.P. are

a  3d,a  d,a  d,a  3d
 Sum  a  3d  a  d  a  d  a  3d  20
or 4a  20 i.e. a=5
st th
Product of 1 and 4 = a 2  9d 2
Product of 2nd and 3rd = a 2  d 2
a 2  9d 2 2 25  9d 2 2
  or 
a 2  d2 3 25  d 2 3
or 75  27d 2  50  2d 2 i.e. d2  1  d  1
Hence the four required number are
2,4,6,8, if d  1 and 8,6,4,2 if d  1 .

159
The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”
15. Let a,a  d, a  2d be in A.P.
Then Tp  a  (p 1)d  q ……(i)
Tq  a  (q 1)d  p ……(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
(p  q)d  q  p  (p  q)  d  1
Now from (i) a  (p 1)d  q  a  (p 1)  q
or a  p  q 1
Now Tm  (p  q 1)  (m 1)( 1)  p  q  m.

16. Let n terms sum to 306 of the series whose

a = 9, d = 3
n
 18  (n 1)3  306
2
or 3n 2  15n  612  0 or n 2  5n  204  0
or (n 17)(n 12)  0 or n  12, 17

17. Sn  2n  3n 2
we know that rth term Tr  Sr  Sr 1
 Putting n = r and r 1 , we get
Sr  2r  3r 2
Sr 1  2(r 1)  3(r 1) 2  2r  2  3r 2  6r  3
 3r 2  4r 1
 Tr  (2r  3r 2 )  (3r 2  4r 1)  6r 1 .

18. Let the A.P. is a  d,a  2d,a  3d,....

m
 Sm   2a  (m  1)d 
2
n
and Sn   2a  (n 1)d 
2
Sm m  2a  (m 1)d  m 2
   (given)
Sn n  2a  (n 1)d  n 2
m 2a  (m  1)d
or  ….(i)
n 2a  (n  1)d
Tm a  (m  1)d 2a  (2m  2)d
Now   ….(ii)
Tn a  (n 1) 2a  (2n  2)d
Comparing (i)and (ii)

160

Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me

If we put m  (2m  1) in (i) and n  2n 1 in (ii), we get
2a  (2m  2)d 2m 1

2a  (2n  2)d 2n  1
Tm 2m  1
  .
Tn 2n  1

19. Let a,a  d,a  2d,..... be an A.P. of (2n + 1) terms

2n  1
 S2n 1  2a  (2n 1 1)d  …..(i)
2
(2n  1)
  2a  2nd   (2n 1)(a  nd) …..(ii)
2
 2n  1  n 
Now middle term will be   th
 2 
i.e. (n + 1)th term
 Tn 1  a  (n 1 1)d  a  nd
If is clear that (i) is equal to (n + 1)th term multiplied by (2n + 1) i.e. number of terms.

20. Given that Sn  n(5n  3)

 Sp  p(5p  3)  5p 2  3p (putting n = p)
and Sp  1  (p  1)(5p  5  3)  (p 1)(5p  8)
(Putting p –1 for n)
 Tp  Sp  Sp1
 (5p 2  3p)  (p 1)(5p  8) 
 (5p2  3p)  (5p2 13p  8)  10p  8.

21. Let a,a  d,a  2d,.... be the arithmetic series and let 2n be the number of term, then
T2n  a  (2n 1)d
T2n 1  a  (2n  2)d
n
 Sum of odd terms = 2a  (2n  2)d
2
 n a  (n  1)d  24 (given)
and sum of even terms = (a  d)  (a  3d)  ....  a  (2n 1)d 
n
 [a  e] e  last term
2
n
  a  d  a  (2n  1)d 
2
161
Time once gone, is gone forever
n
  2a  2nd 
2
 n(a  nd)  30 (given)
Thus n[a  (n 1)d]  24 ……(i)
n[a  nd]  30 ……(ii)
1
Also T2n  T1  10 (given)
2
21
or a  (2n  1)d  a 
2
21
or (2n  1)d  …..(iii)
2
subtracting (i) from (ii)
6
nd = 6  d
n
6
Putting d  in (iii), we get
n
6 21
(2n  1)   i.e. n = 4
n 2
6 3
 d 
4 2
Putting these values in (ii), we have
 6 3
4  a  4    30  a
 4 2
3 9
Hence the series is ,3, ,...... and No. of terms is 8.
2 2

22. Let (a  d), a,(a  d) be the 1st of three number of an A.P.

Since their sum is 15  a  d  a  a  d  15 or a=5
nd
Also 2 set is a  (d 1),a, a  (d 1)
Product of 1st set = a(a 2  d 2 )
Product of 2nd set = a a 2  (d  1) 2 
a(a 2  d 2 ) 7
  (given)
a a  (d 1)  8
2 2

or 8(a 2  d 2 )  7 a 2  (d 1)2 
or A2  8d 2  7(d 1)2  8d2  7d 2  14d  7  d 2 14d  7
but a=5
 25  d 2  14d  7 or d 2  14d  32  0
or (d 16)(d  2)  0 d  2
162
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
Hence the 1st set is 3,5,7 and 2nd set is 4,5,6.

23. Let A1 , A2 , A3 ,.......A n be the A,M,’s inserted between x and 2y. If c.diff. be d then
Tn 2  x  (n 1)d  2y
2y  x
 d
n 1
r(2y  x) nx  x  2ry  rx
Ar  x  
n 1 n 1
nx  x  rx  2ry
 ….(i)
n 1
Again 2x, A1, A2 ,.....A n , y are in A.P.
 Tn 2  2x  (n  1)d '  y (where d’ is the common diff.)
y  2x
 d' 
n 1
r(y  2x) 2nx  2x  ry  2rx
 A r  2x   ….(ii)
n 1 n 1
 From (i) and (ii) we see that the rth ,mean in both the case is the same
nx  x  rx  2ry 2nx  2x  ry  2rx
 
n 1 n 1
or ry  nx  x  rx or ry  (n 1  r)x.

24. Let a,a  d,a  2d,.... be in A.P.

Since Sp  Sq
p q 
  2a  (p 1)d  2a(q 1)  d 
2 2 
or 2ap  (p2  p)d  2aq  (q 2 1)d
or 2a(p  q)  d(p2  p  q 2  q)
 d (p2  q 2 )(p  q)
 d(p  q)(p  q 1)
 2a  (p  q 1)d ( p  q)
pq
Now Spq  2a  (p  q  1)d
2
pq
 2a  2aa  0 Q.E.D.
2

163
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
EXAMPLES- V (a)

1 2
1. Here a  , r  , n  7
2 3
a(1  r n )
Sum of n term in G.P.  ( r  1)
1 r
1   2  
7

1    
2   3   3   2 7 
 Sn   1    
2 2   3  
1
3
2059

1458

5
2. Here a  2, r   , n  6
4
  5 6 
2 1     
  4   1281
 S6    .
5 512
1
4

3
3. Here a  , r  2, n  8,
4
3 1  (2)8  3  28 1 3 1
 S8       [255]  191 .
4  1  2  4  2 1  4 4
4. In 2, 4,8,..... to 10 terms
a  2, r  2,n  10

164

It's not the time to look for excuses

1  ( 2)10  2
 S10  2    1 1024  682 .
 1 2  3
1
5. Here a  16.2, r  , n  7
3
  1 7 
1    
 3  243  1  1093
 S7  (16.2)      1  7   .
 1 1  10  3  45
 3 

6. Here a  1, r  5, n  p
 5p  1  5p  1
 Sp  1   
 5 1  4

4
7. Here a  3, r   , n  2n
3
  4 2n 
1     
  3   9   4  
2n
 S2n  3   1    
 1  4  7   3  
 3 

8. Here a  1, r  3, n  12

 3 1  
12
  728 728 3 1
 S12  1   


3 1 

3 1  3 1  3 1 
728  3 1   728  3 1  364

3 1 2
 3 1 .
1
9. Here a ; r  2 2, n  7
2

  
7
1 1  2 2
 S7  .
2  1 2 2
 1

  585 2  292 . 
 2
 

1 3
10. Here a   , r   , n  7
3 2

165
You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
1 
7
  3 
 1     
2 
7
3
  2 
  3  463
 S7   1     .
3 15 
1  2 
 192
2

9 4
11. Let the three Geometric means between and are G1,G 2 ,G 3
4 9
9 4
Then , G1,G 2 ,G 3 , will be in G.P.
4 9
4 9
So 5th term = , first term = . let c. ratio be r
9 4
 nth term  ar n 1 (formula)
4
4 9 4 16 2
  r or r  4
or r  
4
9 4 81 3
2
i.e. r
3
9 2 3 3 2 2 2
 G1    ;G 2    1;G 3  1 
4 3 2 2 3 3 3

39 81
12. we are to insert 5 G.M.’s between and
9 2
81
So 7 th term wil be . Let the c. ratio be r
2
6
81 32 6 729  3  3
  r or r  6
  r 
2 2 64  2  2
32 3 16
Hence G1   
9 2 3
5
16 3 3 32  3 
G 2    8, G 3  8   12......G 5      27
3 2 2 9 2

7 7
13. Let G1 ,G 2 .......G 6 be the six G. means between 14 and  then 14, G1, G 2 ,..........G 6 , 
64 64
will be in G.P.
7
If c. ratio be t, then 8th term  
64
7
7  1 1
or   14  (r)7 or r 7     i.e. r  
64  2 2

166
It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
 1
 G1  14      7,
 2
2 6
 1 7  1 7
G 2  14      .......G6  14     
 2 2  2  32

8 5
14. Here a  , r  
5 8
8
a 64
Sum to infinity S   5  .
1  r 1  5 65
8

015 1
15. Here a  45, r  
45 30
a 45 45 30 27
 S      .
1  r 1  1 100 29 58
30
111 2
16. Here a  1 665, r  
1 665 3
1 665 1665 3
 S      999 .
3 1000 5
1
4

1 32 1
17. Here a  31  , r  1  31 
3 3 3
1 1
1
 S  3  3  .
1 2 2
1
3 3

1
18. Here a  3, r 
3

 S 
3

3 3


3 3 3
.

1 3 1 2
1
3

142 6
19. Here a  7, r  
7 7

167

Your target is to secure good rank in JEE

 S 
7
6

7 7
7 6

 7 1  42 
1
7

20. Let a, ar, ar 2 , ar3 , ar 4 ,..... be in G.P.

a(1  r 6 ) a(1  r 3 )
 S6  and S3 
1 r 1 r
Since S6  9  S3
a(1  r 6 ) a(1  r 3 )
  9 or 1  r 6  (1  r 3 )9
1 r 1 r
or r 6  9r 3  8  0 or (r 3 1)(r 3  8)  0 i.e. r  1, 2
Hence r = 2 (r = 1 will be neglected as the denomiator in the sum will be zero.)

21. Let a be the first term and r be the C. ratio of the G.P. then
nth term  ar n 1 (formula)
 81  ar 4
…(i)
and 14  ar …(ii)
from (i) and (ii), we get
3
ar 4 81 27  3  3
 or r  3
  r 
ar 24 8 2 2
3
from (ii)  24 a or a = 16
2
Hence the required G.P. is 16, 24, 36,…..

22. Let the G.P. be a, 3a, 9a,……let n be the number of terms in it. Here r = 3
 nth term Tn  a(r) n 1
 486  a  3n 1 …(i)
a(3  1)
3
and 728  …(ii)
3 1

(sum of n terms)
n 1
From (i) a  3  3  3  486 or a  3n  3  486
Putting this value of a  3 in (ii), we get
n

a  3n  a 3  486  a
  728 or a=2
3 1 2
 1st term is 2.
23. First term is 7. Let the c. ratio be r, then the G.P. will be 7,7r, 7r 2 , 7r 3 ,....... If this series
contains n terms then the nth term will be last term i.e. 448

168
Believe you can & you are halfway there
 448  7r n 1 ….(i)
7(1  r ) n
and Sn  889  ….(ii)
1 r
From (i) 7r  448r
n

From (ii) 889(1  r)  7  7r n  7  448r

or 889  889r  7  448r or 441r  882 i.e. r=2

a
24. Let the three numbers in G.P. be ,a, ar , their product = 1728
r
a
  a  ar  1728 or a 3  1728 i.e. a = 12
r
Their sum is = 38
a 12
  a  ar  38 or  12  12r  38
r r
or 12r 2 12r  12  38r or 12r   26r 12  0
2 3
or (6r  4)(2r  3)  0 i.e. r  ,r 
3 2
3 3
Hence the number are 8,12,18 if r  and 18,12,8 if r 
2 2
a
25. Let ,a, ar be in G.P.
r
a
Their product is 216   a  ar  216
r
or a  216
3
i.e. a 6
a a
Also  a  a  ar  ar   156
r r
1   r   r 1 
or a 2   r  1   156 or 36     156
r   r 
or 6r 2  6r  6  26r or 6r 2  20r  6  0
1
or (6r  3)(r  3)  0 i.e. r  3,
2
1
Hence the number are 2, 6, 18 if r = 3 or 18, 6, 2 if r  .
3

26. Here a = 1, c. ratio r  r p

2
 Sp  …..(i)
1 rp
But in 1, r p , r 2p ,..., c. ratio r  r p

169
It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing
1
 Sp 
1 rp
Adding (i) and (ii)
1 1 2
Sp  s p   
1 r 1  r
2 p
1  r 2p
1
But S2p  Sp  Sp  2S2p
1  r 2p

27. Let x be the first term and y be the common ratio.

Then as nth term  xy n 1
a  xy p1
b  xy q 1
c  xy r 1
Raising powers (i) to (q  r) , (ii) (r  p) , (iii) to (p  q) , we have
a qr  (xyp 1 )q r
br p  (xyq 1 ) r p
cpq  (xyr 1 )p q
Multiplying these together, we get
a q r  bq r  cp q  x 0  y0  (xy)0  1
Hence a qr  bq r  cp q  1

28. Let a, ar,ar 2 .ar 3 ,...... be in G.P.

a
 S   4 (Given) ….(i)
1 r
Also sum of their cubes of the series a 3 ,a 3r 3 , a 3r 6 ... to  is 192
a3
  192 ….(ii)
1  r3
From (i) and (ii)
(1  r) 3 192 192
 3  3
1 r3 4 64
or 1  3r  3r 2  r 3  3  3r 3
or 2r 3  3r 2  3r  2  0
Factrorizing by remainder theorem, we get
(r 1)(r  2)(2r 1)  0
1
 r  1, r  2, r  
2

170
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
1 a
Taking r from S   4, we have a = 6
2 1
1
2
1
(we have taken r  as it is less than 1 numerically)
2
3
Hence the series is 6, 3, ….
2

EXAMPLES- V (b)

1. Let the sum be represented by S. Last term will be na n 1

 S  1  2a  3a 2  4a 3  .....na n 1 …..(i)
Multiplying both sides by the c. ratio i.e. and shifting by one term a we get
S  a  0  2a 2  3a 3  ...  3a 3  (n 1)a n 1  na n ….(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
S(1  a)  1  a  a 2  a3  ...na n
= a Geomertic series of n terms.
1(a  a n )
 (1  a)S   na n
1 a

171
Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
1 a n na n
 S 
(1  a) 3 1  a

3 7 15 31
2. Let S  1      ... ….(i)
4 16 64 256
1
Multiplying both sides by the c. ratio and shifting by one term we get
4
1 1 3 7 15
S0     .... ….(ii)
4 4 16 64 256
Subtracting(ii) from (i), we get
 1 2 4 8 16
1   S  1      ...
 4 4 16 63 256
3 1 1 1 1
or S  1      ....
4 2 4 8 16
1 8
2 S  .
1 3
1
2

3. Let S  1  3x  5x 2  7x3  9x 4  .... ….(i)

Multiplying both sides by x and shifting by one term, we get
or Sx  0  x  3x 2  5x 2  7x 4  ....
or S  Sx  1  2x  2x 2  2x 3  ....
or (1  x)S  1  2x(1  x  x 2  ...)
1 1 x
 1  2x  
1 x 1 x
1 x
s .
(1  x 2 )

2 3 4
4. Let S 1    ....  n 2 n 1 …..(i)
2 2 2 23
1
Multiplying both sides by and shifting by one term, we get
2
1 1 2 3 n
or S  0   2  3  .... n …..(ii)
2 2 2 2 2
Subtracting(ii) from (i)
1 1 1 1 1 n
 S  S  1   2  3  .... n 1  n
2 2 2 2 2 2

172
Never will you have this day again , so make it count
n
1
1  
1 n
S    n
2
or
2 1 2
2
 1  n
or S  4 1  n   n 1
 2  2

 1  n
5. Let S  4 1  n   n 1 …..(i)
 2  2
1
Multiplying both sides by and shifting by one term, we get
2
1 1 3 5
 S  0     ... …..(ii)
2 2 4 8
Subtracting(ii) from (i), we get
1 2 2 2
S  1     ....
2 2 4 8
 1 1 
 1  1    ... 
 2 4 
 
 1 
 1  1 2  3 or S  3  2  6.
1
 1 
 2

6. Let S  1  3x  6x 2 10x 3  .... ….(i)

Multiplying both sides by x and shifting by one term, we get
 x  S  x  3x  6x 2  .... …..(ii)
Subtracting(ii) from (i), we get
(1  x)S  1  2x  3x 2  4x 3  ..... …..(iii)
Multiplying again both sides of (iii)byx, and shifting by one term, we get
x(1  x)S  x  2x 2  3x 3  4x 4  ...... …..(iv)
Subtracting(iv) from (iii),
S(1  2x  x 2 )  1  x  x 2  x 3  .......
1 1
or S(1  x) 2  S  .
1 x (1  x) 3

7. Let the common ratio be r, 1st term is a, then

T3  ar 31  ar 2  b r  b / a 
Also let x be the c. ratio of 2nd G.P.

173
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
1/4
b
T5  ax  b
4
x   
a
2n 11
 b 1/4  b
n/2

 T2n 1  a     a  
 a   a 
 Tn 1  T2n 1.

8. Let the 1st G.P. be a, ar, ar 2 ,....

a(1  r 2n )
 Sum of 2n terms  S2n 
1 r
Let the 2nd G.P. be b, br 2 , br 4 ………….
b(1  r 2n )
 Sn 
1 r
a(1  r 2n ) b(1  r 2n )
As given, we have  .
1 r 1 r2
or a(1  r)  b or b  a  ar .

9. Let S  1  (1  b  b 2 )r 2  (1  b  b 2  b3 )r 3  .....
Multiplying both sides by r and shifting by one term, we get,
S  S.r  0  1  br  b2 r 2  .......
1 1
or (1  r)S  S  .
1  br 1(1  br)(1  r)

a
10. Let ,a,ar, be in G.P.
r
a 1 
  a  ar  70 or a   1  r   70
r r 
4a
Also ,5a, 4ar are in A.P.
r
4a
 4ar  r2 1 
 5a  r or 5  2  
2  r 
1
5r  2r 2  2 or 2r 2  5r  2  0 i.e. r  2,
2
1 
Putting r = 2 in (i), we get a   1  2   70 i.e. a = 20
2 
Thus the numbers are 10,20,20.

174
The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
11. Let a, ar, ar 2 ,..... be in G.P.
 a  ar  5 …..(i)
ar
Since a  3 (given)
1 r
1
1  r  3r or r .
4
 1
 from (i) a 1    5 or a4
4  
1
Hence the required number are 4,1,
4
12. Let S  (x  a)  (x  2a)  (x  3a)  ..... n terms.
2 3

This can be written as

S  (x  x 2  x 3  .....n terms)  (a  2a  3a  .....n terms)
 x 1  x  x 2  ......n terms   a 1  2  3  ......n terms 

11  x n  n
 x a 2  (n 1) 1
1 x 2
n 1
x(x ) n
  (n  1)a.
x 1 2

13. Let S  x(x  y)  x 2 (x 2  y2 )  x3 (x 3  y3 )  .......n terms

 x 2  xy  x 4  x 2 y 2  x 6  x3 y3  n terms
S  (x 2  x 4  x 6  ......n terms)  (xy  x 2 y 2  x 3 y3  ....n terms)
 (1  x 2  x 4  ......n terms)  xy(1  xy  x 2 y 2  ....n terms)

 x2
x 2  x 2n 1  1
 xy 
 xy  1
n

n 2 1 xy  1
x 2 (x 2n  1) xy(x n y n  1)
 
x 2 1 xy  1
 1  1  1
14. Let S   a     3a     5a    ....2p terms
 3  6  12 
It can be split up into separate series as
1 1 1 
S   a  3a  5a  .....2p terms       ......2p terms 
 3 6 12 
1 1 
2p

1    
2p 3   2  
 2a  (2p  1)2a 
2 1
1
2

175
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
2 1 
 4ap2  1  2p  .
9 2 
2 3 2 3 2 3
15. Let S   2  3  4  5  6  .....
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2  3 3 3 
or S    3  5  ......    2  4  6  ...... 
3 3 3  3 3 3 
2 1 1  3 1 1 
 1  2  4  ...   2 1  2  4  .... 
3 3 3  3  3 3 
 2 3  1 1 
   2 1  2  4  ..... 
 3 3  3 3 
 
 2 1   1  9 9
     1.  .
 3 3  1  1  8 8
 3  2

4 5 4 5 4 5
16. Let S   2  3  4  5  6  ...
7 7 7 7 7 7
4 4 4  5 5 5 
or S    3  5  ......    2  4  6  ..... 
7 7 7  7 7 7 
4 1 1  5  1 1 
 1  2  4  ...   2 1  2  4  ... 
7 7 7  7  7 7 
 4 5  1 1 
   2 1  2  4  ...... 
 7 7  7 7 
 
 4 5   1  23
    
 7 49  1  1  48
 49 
17. If a,b,c,d are in G.P. then
b c d
  or b2  ac,c 2  bd, bc  ad
a b c
Now (b  c)2  (c  a) 2  (d  b)2
 b2  c2  2bc  c2  a 2  2ac  d 2  b2  2bd
 a 2  d2  2b2  2c2  2bc  d2  b2  2bd
 a 2  d 2  2ac  2bd  2bc  2ac  2bd
 a 2  d 2  2bc  b2  ac,c 2  bd 
 a 2  d 2  2ad  bc  ad 

 a  d .
2

a b
18. A.M.  , G.M.  ab
2
176
Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus
As given we have,
ab
 2 ab
2
a  b  4 ab
or (a  b) 2  16ab (squaring both sides)
or a 2  b 2  2ab 16ab  0
or a 2 14ab  b 2  0
2
a  a 
or    14    1  0
b b
 a  14  96  4 14  8 3
Hence    
b 2 2
a
  74 3
b
a 74 3 74 3
or  = (can be written as) =
b 4 3 (2  3)(2  3)
(2  3) 2 2 3
 
(2  3)(2  3) 2  3
Hence a : b  (2  3) : (2  3)

19. Tr  (2r 1)  2 r

Put r = 1,2,3,4,……, we get
T1  3  21
T2  5  22
T3  7  23
T4  9  2 4
………...
………...
Tn  (2n  1)  2 n
 S  3  21  5  23  7  23  9  2 4  .....  (2n  1)  2n
Multiply both sides by 2 and shifting by one team, we get,
2  S  0  3  22  5  23  7  24  .....  (2n 1)  2n (2n 1)  2n 1
Subtracting we get
S  2S  3  21  2  22  2  23  ....2  2n  (2n  1)  2n 1
or S  3  21  2  22  23  ...  2n    2n  1  2n 1

177

Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

 2  2n 1  1 
   2n 1  2
n 1
 3  2  2 2 
  2 1 
 6  2n 2  8  (2n  1)  2n 1
or S  2n 1 (1  2n)  2
 2n 1  22n 2  2
 S  n  2n 2  2n 1  2.

20. Let the series be

1, a, ac,a 2c,a 2c 2 ,a 3c2 ,........2n terms
S2n  (1  ac  a 2c2  .......n terms)  (a  a 2c  a 3c 2  .......n terms)
1(1  a n cn ) a(1  a n cn ) (1  a n c n )(1  a)
  
1  ac 1  ac 1  ac
(a n cn  1)(1  a)
or S2n 
(ac 1)
21. a, ar,ar 2 ,ar 3 ,......... in G.P.
a(1  r n )
Sn 
1 r
a(1  r1 )
 S1  a
1 r
a(1  r 2 )
S2   a(1  r)
1 r
a(1  r 3 )
S3 
1 r
a(1  r 5 )
S3 
1 r
Now S1  S3  S5  ..........
a(r 3 1) a(r 5 1) a(r 2n 1  1)
a   .....
r 1 r 1 r 1
 a a  a
a   .......to(n  1)terms    r 3  r 5  ......to (n  1)terms 
 r 1 r 1  r 1
a(n 1) ar 2  r 2n 2 1 
a   
r 1 r 1  r 2 1 
ar  a  an  a ar 3  r 2n 2 1 
   
r 1 r  1  r 2 1 
a  3r
2n 2
1 
  r  n  r  2 
r 1   r 1  

178

Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”

a  r 3  r  r 3  r 2n  2  r 3 
   n
r 1  r 1
2

a  r(r 2n 1 1) 
   n
r 1  r 12


1 1 1 1
22. S1  1     .....  2
2 4 8 1
1
2
2 2 2 1
S2  2     .....  2
3 9 9 1
1
3
3 3 1
S3  3  2  .....  4
4 4 1
1
4
……………………………………..
…………………………………….
p p p
Sp  p    ......  (p  1)
p  1 (p  1) 2
1
1
p 1
 S1  S2  S3  ....  Sp  2  3  4  ...  (p 1)
p  n 
  2   p  1   Sn  (a  1) 
2  2 
p
 (p  3)
2

24. Let 1, r,r 2 , r 3 ,......r m1 , r m , r m1 , r m 2 ,......r 2m be in G.P.

we know that (1  r m )2  0
 1  r 2m  2r m  0 or 1  r 2m  2r m
Thus in the above series making pairs (1st and last term , 2nd and last but one term and so on,
we get)
1  r 2m  2r m
r  r 2m1  2r m
r 2  r 2m2  2r m
……………..
……………..
……………..
Adding both sides
1  r  r 2  r 2m  2(r m  r m  r m  .......m times)  r m

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Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
1  r 2m1
 (2m  1)r m
1 r
or (2m  1)(rm )(1  r)  1  r 2m1
Multiplying both sides by r m1 , we have
(2m  1)r 2m1 (1  r)  r m1 (1  r 2m1 )
Putting n  2m  1, we have
n 1
nr n (1  r)  r 2
 (1  r n )
Making n indefinitely great
n 1
r 2
is indefinitely small and therefore nr n indefinitely small when n is indefinitely great.

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EXAMPLES- VI (a)

1. (i) Corresponding A.P. of the given series will be

1 2 3
, , ............
2 5 10
1 2 1 1
Here a  ,d    
2 5 2 10
 th
4 term of the given series = 5.
1
(ii) Given series is 2, 2 ,3.... It is in A,P,
2
1
Its a  2, d 
2
3 1
 4th term a  3d  2   3
2 2
5 25
(iii) 2, , ,.......... are in G.P.
2 8
3
5  5  125
Its a  2, r   4th term  2r 41
 2  
4 4 32

2. Let between 5 and 11 the two H.Means are H1 and H2.

 5, H1, H2 ,11 are in H.P.
1 1 1 1
 , , , will be in A.P.
5 H1 H 2 11
1 1
Its a  ,d  ? and 4th term is
5 11
1 1 2
   3d or d
11 5 55
1 1 2 9 1 1 2 7
    and  2 
H1 5 55 55 H2 5 55 55
55 55
 H1  , H2 
9 7

3. Let the four H. Means be H1, H2 , H3 , H4

2 2
 , H1 , H 2 , H3 , H 4 , are in H.P.
3 13

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Do something today that your future self will thank you for
3 1 1 1 1 13
or , , , , , will be in A.P.
2 H1 H2 H3 H 4 2
13
If d be the c. diff. then T6 
2
13 3
   5d or d=1
2 2
1 3 5 2
  1  or H1 
H1 2 2 5
1 3 7 2
  2 1  or H2 
H2 2 2 7
1 3 9 2
  3.1  or H3 
H3 2 2 9
1 3 11 2
  4 1  or H4 
H4 2 2 21

4. Let the number are a,b, then

2ab
G.M.  ab ; H.M. 
ab
2ab 48
As given we have ab  12, 
a b 5
2 144 48
or ab  144   or a  b  30
ab 5
Now a  b  30 and ab  144
Solving, we get a  24, b  6

5. Let x and y be the two numbers, then

2xy
H.M.  , G.M.  xy
xy
According to the question, we have
2xy 12
: xy 
xy 13
26xy 13 xy
or  12 xy or 6
xy xy
or 13 xy  6(x  y)
Squaring both sides
169xy  36x 2  36y2  72xy
or 36x 2  97xy  36y2  0
or (9x  4y)(4x  9y)  0

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x 4
i.e.  or x: y  4:9 .
y 9

6. a : (a  b)  a  c : a  c
a a c
 or a 2  ac  a 2  ab  ac  bc
a b a c
2ac
or b(a  c)  2ac or b
ac
Hence a,b,c are in H.P. which is given
 a : (a  b)  (a  b) : (a  c) .

7. Let the corresponding A.P. is

a,a  d,a  2d.........
1
Then Tm  a  (m  1)d  ……(i)
n
1
and Tn  a  (n  1)d  …….(ii)
m
1 1 mn
   (m  n)d or  d(m  n)
n m mn
1
 d
mn
m 1 1 1 m 1 1
from (i) a   or a 
mn n n mn mn
m  n 1 m  n
 Tm nmn  a  (m  n 1)d   
mn mn
mn
Hence the corresponding term H.P. 
mn

8. Let the corresponding A.P. is x, x  d, x  2d......

1
then Tp  x  (p  1)d  (given) …..(i)
a
1
Tq  x  (q  1)d  …..(ii)
b
1
Tr  x  (r 1)d  …..(iii)
c
Multiplying each equation by abc, we get
xabc  abc(p 1)d  bc …..(iv)
xabc  abc(q 1)d  ac …..(v)
xabc  abc(r 1)d  ab …..(vi)
Now multiply (iv) by (q  r) , (v) by (r  q) and (vi) by (p  q) and adding together, we get
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The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”

bc  (q  r)  ac(r  p)  ab(p  q)
 xabc q  r  r  p  p  q   abcd (q 1)(p 1)  (r  q)(q 1)  (p  q)(r 1) 
 00
Hence bc(q  r)  ac(r  p)  ab(p  q)  0

9. If a,b,c are in H.P., then

2 1 1 2ac
  i.e. b ….(i)
b a c ac
1 1 b c b a 2b  (a  c)
Now   
b  a b  c (b  a)(b  c) (b  a)(b  c)
2ac 2b 2  2ac
2b 
b b  2ac 
  b 
b 2  b(a  c)  ac b 2  2ac  ac  a c 
2(b 2  ac) 2 1 1
    from (i)
b(b 2  ac) b a c
1 1 1 1
Hence   
ba b c a c
10. Tn  3n  n.
2

 Sn    3n 2  n   3 n 2   n
But we know that
n(n  1)(2n  1) n
 n2  6
and  n  (n 1)
2
3.n(n  1)(2  1) n
Hence Sn   (n  1)
6 2
n
 (n  1) 2n  1  1  n 2 (n  1)
2

3
11. Tn  n 3  n
2
 3  3
 Sn   n 3  n    n3   n
 2  2
2
 (n  1)n  n
But  n   2  and
3
 n  2 (n 1)
n2 3 n
 Sn  (n  1) 2  . (n  1)
4 2 2
n
 (n  1) n(n  1)  3
4

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Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me

n(n  1) 2
 [n  n  3]
4

12. Tn  n(n  2)  n 2  2n
 Sn   (n 2  2n)   n 2  2 n
Putting the value of n 2
and  n , we get
n(2n  1)(n  1) n n(n  1)
Sn   2.  (2n 1  6)
6 2 6
n(n  1)(2n  7)

6
13. Tn  n (2n  3)  2n 3  3n 2
2

 Sn   (2n 3  3n 2 )  2 n3  3 n 2
2
n  n(n  1)(2n  1)
or Sn  2   (n  1)   3 
2  6
n
 (n  1) n(n  1)  (2n  1)
2
n
 (n  1) n(n  1)  (2n  1) 
2
n(n  1)(n 2  3n  1)

2
14. Tn  3  2
n n

Putting n  1, 2,3, 4, ………we get

T1  31  21
T2  32  2 2
T3  33  23
T4  34  34
…………..
………….
Tn  3n  2n
Adding all the terms column wise, we get
 Sn  (31  32  33  34  ....  3n ) (21  22  23  24  ....  2n )
 3(1  3  32  .....n terms) 2(1  2  22  ...n terms)
(3n  1)  2 n 1 
 3  2  
3 1  2 1 
3n 1 3 n 1 3n 1 1
  2 2   n n 1 
2 2 2 2
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Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me

15. Tn  3(4n  2n 2 )  4n 3  3  4n  6n 2  4n 3
 T1  3  41  6 12  4 13
T2  3  42  6  22  4  23
T3  3  42  6  32  4  33
……………………..
……………………..
Tn  3  4n  6n 2  4n 3
Adding column wise we get,
 Sn  3(4  42  43  ...  4n )  6 n 2  4 n 3
 12(1  4  42  ....n terms)  6 n 2  4 n 3
 4n  1  6.n(n 1)(2n  1) n2
 12    4  (n  1) 2
 4 1  6 4
 4n 1  4  n(n  1)(2n  1)  n 2 (n  1) 2
 4n 1  4  n(n 1) (2n 1)  n(n 1) 
 4n 1  4  n(n  1)(1  n  n 2 )

16. Let the A.P. be a,a  b,a  2d,a  3d,....than

Tm1  a  (m  1 1)d  a  md
Tn 1  a  (n 1 1)d  a  nd
Tr 1  a  (r 1 1)d  a  rd
Now if a  md;a  nd;a  rd are in G.P. then
(a  nd)2  (a  rd)(a  md)
or a 2  2and  n 2d 2  a 2  ad(r  m)  mrd 2
or 2and  n 2d 2  ad(r  m)  mrd2
or 2an  n 2d  a(r  m)  mrd 2
2an  a(r  m)  (mr  n 2 )d
a mr  n 2
 
d 2n  r  m
2mr
m, n,r are in H.P. n 
mr
or n(m  r)  2mr

186

Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

a mr  n 2 (n 2  mr)
Hence  
d 2n  (r  m)  2mr 
2n   
 n 
a (n 2  m) n
or  2  .
d 2n  2mr 2
n

17. Since , m , n are in G.P.  m2  n

Let a,a  d,a  2d,........... be in A.P.

 T1  a( 1)d

187
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
Tm  a  (m  1)d ; Tn  a  (n  1)d

2T1Tn
Since T , Tm ,T ln are in H.P.  Tm 
2T  Tn
2 a  (  1)d a  (n  1)d 
or a  (m  1)d 
a  (  1)d  a(n 1)d
2 a  (  1)d a  (n 1)d 

2a  d(  n  2)
or 2a 2  2a(m  1)d  d(  n  2)  d 2 (  n  2)(m  1)
 2 a 2  ad(  n  2)  d 2 ( 1)(n 1) 
Dividing by d
2a(m 1)  a(  n  2)  d(  n  2)(m 1)
 2a   n  2   2d(  1)(n  1)
or a 2m  2   n  2  2d (  1)(n  1)  (  n  2)(m  1) 
a 2 a  2  2n  2  3  mn  2m   n  2
 
d 2m   n
2m  m  mn  2m   n m(2m   n)(2n   n)
2
 
2m  n  2m   n
(m  1)(2m  n  )

(2m   n)
a m 1
or 
d
Hence a : d  (m 1) :

18. Sn  a  bn  cn 2
 Sn 1  a  b(n 1)  c(n 1) 2
 a  bn  b  cn 2  2cn  c
 (a  bn  cn 2 )  (b  2cn  c)
But nth term Tn  Sn  Sn 1
 Tn  (a  bn  cn 2 )  (a  bn  cn 2 )  (b  2cn  c)
 b  2cn  c  b  (2n 1)c
Since the nth term of the series is the linear equation in ‘n’. Hence the series is an A.P.

19. Tn  4n(n 2  1)  (6n 2  1)  4n 3  4n  6n 2 1

Using sigma notation, we have
Sn  4 n 3  4 n  6 n 2  1

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It's not the time to look for excuses

n2 n 6n(n  1)(2n 1)
4 (n  1)2  4  (n 1)  n
4 2 6
 n 2 (n 1)2  2n(n 1)  2(n 1)(2n 1)  n
 n(n  1) n(n  1)  2  (2n  1)   n
 n(n 1) n  n 2  2  (2n 1)   n

 n(n  1) n 2  n 1  n

 (n 2  n)(n 2  n 1)  n
 n 4  n3  n 2  n 3  n2  n  n
 n4

20. Let the two quantities be a and b

Then a, A1 , A 2 , b are in A.P.
 A1  a  b  A2 or A1A 2  a  b ….(i)
If a, G1 ,G 2 , d are in G.P.
G1 b
  or G1G 2  ab ….(ii)
a G2
Also if a1;H1; H 2 ;b are in H.P.
1 1 1 1
then , , , will be in A.P.
a H1 H 2 b
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a b
    or    
H1 a b H 2 H1 H 2 a b ab
from (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 A  A2 G1G 2 A1  A 2
  1 or 
H1 H 2 G1G 2 H1H 2 H1  H 2
Hence G1G 2 : H1H2  (A1  A2 ) : (H1  H2 )

21. Let a and d be two numbers and A1 , A2 , A3 ,.......A n be n arithmetic means between them.
If d be the common diff. then a, b is (n  2) th term
b  a(n  2  1)d  a  (n  1)d
ba b  a an  b
 d  p  A1  a  
n 1 n 1 n 1
1 1 1 1 1
Again , , ,......... , are in A.P.
a H1 H2 Hn b
If d’ be c, diff. then
1 1 1 1 1 a b
 (n  1)d '  or d '   
a b  b a  n 1 ab(n  1)

189
You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
190
 q = 1st harmonic mean
1 ab(n  1)
 
1 a b a  bn

a ab(n  1)
(n  1) 2
If q does not lie between p and p, then q should be less than p or greater than
(n  1) 2
2
 n 1 
  p.
 n 1 
an  b ab(n 1)
 pq  
n 1 a  bn
Simplifying it we get
n(a 2  b 2  2ab) n(a  b) 2
pq     ve quantity
(n  1)(a  bn) (n  1)(a  bn)
 p is less taan q
2
 n 1 
Hence q can not lie between p and   p.
 n 1 

22. a, a+d, a+2d……….be in A.P.

n
Sum of n terms LetSn   2a  (n  1)d 
2
2na  n(n 1)d
 ….(1)
2
Also sum of the cubes of n terms   a  (n 1)d 
3

  a 3  3a 2 (n  1)d  3a(n  1)2 d 2  (n  1)3 d3 

  a 3  3a 2 d (n  1)  3ad2  (n 1) 2  d3  (n 1)3
 n 1  2  (n 1)(n)(2n 1)  3 (n )
2
 na 3  3a 2 d    (n)  3ad    d (n) 2 ….(2)
 2   6  4
By actual division we find that (2) is exactly divisible by (1)

191
It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
Exercise - I
1. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are in the ratio of (7 n + 1) : (4 n + 27) . Find the
ratio of their nth term.

Sol. Let a1 & a 2 be the first term and d1 & d 2 be the common difference of two A.P’s respectively.

(Sn )1 7n  1
Given :- 
(Sn ) 2 4n  27

n
[2a1  (n 1)d1 ]
2 7n  1
 
n
[2a 2  (n  1)d 2 ] 4n  27
2

 n 1 
a1    d1
 2  7n  1
  … (1)
 n 1  4n  27
a2    d2
 2 

 Ratio of their nth terms is

(Tn)1 a 1 (n 1)d
 : Replace n br 2n – 1 in (1)
(Tn) 2 a 2 (n 1)d

(Tn)1 7(2n 1)  1 14n  6

  
(Tn)2 4(2n  1)  27 8n  23

2. In an AP of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist p terms is equal to zero, show that
 aq(p  q) 
the sum of the next q terms is –   .
 p 1 

Sol. Sp  0

p 2a
  2a  (p 1)d   0  d  …..(1)
2 p 1

 Sum of next q terms = (Sum of first p- terms) + (Sum of next q- terms)

 pq 
   2a  (p  q  1)d 
 2 

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Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
 pq   2a  
   2a  (p  q  1)    (from(1))
 2   p 1  

[ap  a  ap  aq  a]
 (p  q)
(p 1)

ap(p  q)
 H.P.
p 1

3. (a) The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 120° & the common
difference is 5°. Find the number of sides of the polygon.

Sol. The sum of interior angle of a polygon  (n  2) 180

n
  2a  (n 1)d   (n  2) 180
2

 5n 2  125n  720  0

 (n  9)(n  16)  0

n 9 or n  16 (Rejected)

T16  120 15  5  195  180

n  9

(b) The interior angles of a convex polygon form an arithmetic progression with a common
difference of 4°. Determine the number of sides of the polygon if its largest interior angle is
172°.

Sol. Tn (Largest angle ) = 172°

 a  (n 1)  4  172

 a  172   4(n 1) ….(1)

The sum of interior angle of a polygon n  (n  2) 180

n
 [a  172]  (n  2) 180 
2

n
 [172  4(n  2)  172]  (n  2) 180 (from(1))
2

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Believe you can & you are halfway there
 n 2  3n 180  0

 n  15 or n = 12

n(n 1)
4. Show that ln (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .............. up to n terms) = 2n ln 2 + ln 3
2

Sol. LHS  n[4 12  36 108 ....upto terms]

 n4  n12  n36  n108  ....n terms  A.P.

 12 
 d  n12  n4  n    n3
4

n
 LHS   2  n4  (n 1)  n3
2

n(n 1)
 2n n2  n3  RHS
2

5. There are n AM’s between 1 & 31 such that 7th mean : (n  1)th mean = 5 : 9, then find the
value of n.

n A.M.'s are inserted

Sol.
1 31

 1,A1 ,A 2 ,....A n ,31 are in A.P.

31  1 30
 d 
n 1 n  1

A7 5 1  7d 5
  
A(n 1) 9 1  (n 1)d 9

 9  63d  5  5(n 1)d

30
 4  d(5(n 1)  63)  4  5(n 1)  63
n 1

 n  14

6. Prove that the average of the numbers n sin n°, n = 2, 4, 6, ......., 180, is cot 1°.

It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing

194
4
Sol. Let S   n sin n  2sin 2  4sin 4  ...  180 sin180(90 terms)
n 2

 2sin 2  4sin 4  ..  90sin 90  ...  176sin176  178sin178  180sin180

 2sin 2  4sin 4  .... 176sin 4  178sin 2  90

 180 sin 2  sin 4  ....  sin88  90

44  2
sin
 180  2  sin  2  88   90
2  
sin  2 
2

 sin 44 sin 45 

 180    90
 sin1 

[cos1  cos89]
 90  90  90[cot1  1]  90
sin1

 90cot1

5
 Required Average of 90 terms =   cot1
90
359
7. Find the value of the sum  k·cos k 
k 0
.

359
Sol.  k cos k  0cos 0  1cos1  2cos 2  ...  359 cos359
k 0

 (1cos1  2cos 2  ....  89cos89)  (91cos91  92cos92  .... 179cos179

(181cos181  182cos182  ....  269cos 269)  (271cos 271  272cos 272  ....  359cos359

90cos90 180cos180  270cos 270

 (1cos1  2cos 2  ...89cos89)  ( 91sin1  92sin 2....179sin1)

(180sin1 180cos 2....269cos89)  (271sin1  272sin 2  ...  359sin89) 180

 (180cos1 180cos 2...180cos89)  (180sin1  180sin 2...180sin89)  180

 180(cos1 cos 2  ...  cos89) 180(sin1  sin 2  ...  sin 89) 180

195
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
 89   89 
 sin 2   sin 2 
 180   cos(45)   180   sin 45  180
1 1
 sin   sin 
 2   2 

 180

8. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum of the first nine terms equal to
369. The first and the ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with the first and the
ninth term of the arithmetic progression. Find the seventh term of the geometric progression.
Sol. a = 1, d  Common diference of A.P.

9
 S9  2 1  8  d   369  d  10
2

Let Leta, ar, ar 2 ,ar 3 ,.... be in G.P. (a = 1)

Now, T9 (G.P.)  T9 (A.P.)

 ar8  1  8 10  r   3

 
6
 T7  ar 6  1  3  27

9. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in GP & the last three are in AP, with common
difference 6. If the first number is the same as the fourth, find the four numbers.

G.P.
Sol. Let 4 numbers are  a, b, b  6, b  12
A.P

a, b, b + 6 are in G.P. & a = b + 12

 b2  a(b  6) &a  b  12

 b2  (b 12)(b  6)  b2  b2 18b  72

 b  4 , a  8

 4 Numbers are  8, 4, 2,8

10. The 1 st, 2nd and 3 rd terms of an arithmetic series are a, b and a 2 where 'a' is negative. The 1st,
2nd and 3rd terms of a geometric series are a, a2 and b find the

196
Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
(a) value of a and b
(b) sum of infinite geometric series if it exists. If no then find the sum to n terms of the G.P.
(c) sum of the 40 term of the arithmetic series.

Sol. a, b, a 2 are in A.P. ; a < 0

 2b  a  a 2 …..(1)

Again, a, a 2 , b are in G.P.

 a 4  ab  a 3  b …..(2)

 from (1), (a  a 2 )3  (2b)3

 a 6  a3  3a 3  a 2  a   8b3

 b2  b  3b(2b)  8b3 (from(2))

 8b2  7b  1  0(b  0)

1
b or b=1
8

1
a or a  1 (Reject)
2

( a  0)

1 1
(a)  a  &b 
2 8

1 1
(b) a, a 2 , b.... are in G.P. ; a  ,b 
2 8

1 1 1
 , , ,.... G.P.
2 4 8

1
1
 S  2 
1 3
1
2

1 1
(C) a, b,a 2 ..... are in A.P. ; a  ,b 
2 8

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Never will you have this day again , so make it count
1 1 1 1 1 3
 , , ....;d   
2 8 4 8 2 8

40   1   3   545
S40   2     39    
2   2   8  2

11. Let 'X' denotes the value of the product

(1 + a + a2 + a3 + ....... )(1 + b + b2 + b3 + ..... )
where 'a' and 'b' are the roots of the quadratic equation 11x2 – 4x – 2 = 0
and 'Y' denotes the numerical value of the infinite series
 log b 2 
0
log 5   log
b
40
b
1
 1

 2
 2

 3

2  logb 54  log b 2  log b 5 4  log b 2  log b 54  .......
3


where b = 2000. Find (XY).
a
4 2
Sol. 11x  4c  2  0
2
; a b  , ab 
b 11 11

a & b 1

x  1  a  a 2  ... 1  b  b2  ... 

1 1 1 1 11
x    
4
1  a 1  b 1  (a  b)  ab 1   2 5
11 11

Also,

Y   log b 2  4 logb 5    log b 2   41   log b 5    logb 2   4 2   log b 5   ...

1 2

 Y   log b 5  1  41  log b 2   4 2   log b 2   ...    G.P.

1 2
 

1 1
  log b 5    log 2000 5 
1  4  log b 2  log 2000 2000  log 2000 16

1 1
 log 2000 5   log 2000 5 
 2000  log 2000 125
log 2000  
 16 

1 11
Y  XY 
3 15

12. Find three numbers a , b , c between 2 & 18 such that;

198
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
(i) their sum is 25
(ii) the numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms of an AP &
(iii) the numbers b , c , 18 are consecutive terms of a GP .

Sol.  a  b  c  25 ….(1)

 2, a, b are in A.P.  2a  2  b ….(2)

 b, c, 18 are in G.P.  c2  18b ….(3)

2b
From (1) & (2),  b  c  25  3b  2c  48
2

 c2 
 3    2c  48 (from(3))
 18 

 c2 12c  288  0

 c = 12 or c  24 (Reject) ( c  (2,18))

 b = 8, a = 5

 a= 5, b = 8, c = 12

13. If one AM ‘a’ and two GM’s p and q be inserted between any two given numbers then show
that p3+ q3 = 2apq.

Sol. Let x & y be the two numbers.

 x, a, y are in A.P. , 2a  x  y

Also,
1
 y 3
x, p, q, y are in G.P.  r   
x
2 2
 p  xr  x y
3 3

2
 LHS  p3x  x 2  y  xy2  xy(x  y)

 2axy{ x  y  2a}

= RHS

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The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
14. If S1, S2, S3,... Sn, .... are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ...
1 1 1 1
n, ... and whose common ratios are , , , ...., , ... respectively, then find the value
2 3 4 n 1
2n 1
of S
r 1
2
r .

Sol. First Terms  1,2,3,….n

1 1 1 1
Common Ratio  , , ,.....,
2 3 4 n 1

1 2 3
 S1   2,S2   3,S3   4.....
1 1 1
1 1 1
2 3 4
2n 1
  Sr 2  S12  S22  ...S2n 12
r 1

 (2) 2  (3) 2  ...  (2n) 2

(2n)(2n  1)(2(2n)  1)
  (1) 2
6

n(2n  1)(4n  1)
 1
3
2 3
 1  1  1
15. Find the sum of the  terms of the sequence : 1  2 1    3 1    4 1    ..............
 n  n  n
2 3 n 2 n 1
 1  1  1  1  1
Sol. S  1  2 1    3 1    4 1    ..(n 1) 1    n 1  
 n  n  n  n  n
2 3 n 1 n
 1  1  1  1  1  1
1   S  11    2 1    3 1    ...(n  1) 1    4 1  
 n  n  n  n  n  n
Subtract

2 3 n 1 n
1  1  1  1  1  1
 S  1  1    1    1    ... 1    n 1  
n  n  n  n  n  n

200
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
n
 1
1 1    1 n
 1
 S  1 
n
 n 1    n  S  n 2
n 1  n
1  1
n

16. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence:
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...... (ii) 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + .......

Sol. (i) Let Sn  1  5  13  29  61  ...  Tn 1  Tn

Sn  1  5 13  29  ...  Tn 1  Tn

Subtract

 0  1  4  8  16  32  ...   Tn  Tn 1   Tn

 Tn  1  4  8  16  ...   Tn  Tn 1   n  terms.
G.P. of (n 1)terms

 1 4
2 n 1
 1
 1  2n 1  4
2 1

 Tn  2n 1  3

n n n
Sn   Tn   2 n 1  31
n 1 n 2 n 1

 2 2  22  ...  2n   3n

 2n  1  n 2
 2.2    3n  2  3n  4
 2 1 

(ii) Let Sn  6 13  22  33  ...Tn 1  Tn

Sn  6  13  22  ...Tn 1  Tn
Substact

 0  6  7  9  11  ....   Tn  Tn 1   Tn

 Tn  1  5  7  9  11  ....   Tn  Tn 1 
A.P.ofn  terms

n
 1 10  (n 1)  2
2

Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus

201
 Tn  n 2  4n 1

n
Sn   Tn   n 2  4  n  1
n 1

n(n  1)(2n 1) 4n(n 1)

  n
6 2

n
 (n  1)(2n  13)  n
6

17. Sum the following series to n terms and to infinity :

1 1 1 n
(i)  
1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13
 ......... (ii) 
r 1
r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3)
n
1 1 1.3 1.3.5
(iii) 
r 1 4r  1
2
(iv) 
4 4.6 4.6.8
  ........... .

1 1 1
Sol. (i)    ....
1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13

1
Tn 
(3n  2)(3n  1)(3n  4)

1 (3n  4)  (3n  2)
 
6 (3n  2)(3n  1)(3n  4)

1 1 1 
Tn   
6  (3n  2)(3n  1) (3n  1)(3n  4) 

n
1 1 1 
Sn   Tn   
n 1 6 1.4 4.7 

1 1 1 
  
6  4.7 7.10 


1 1 1 
  
6  (3n  2)(3n  1) (3n 1)(3n  4) 

1 1 1 
 Sn   
6 1.4 (3n  1)(3n  4) 

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Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
1
&S 
24
n
(ii)  r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)
r 1

n
1
Tr   r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3) (r  4)  (r 1) 
r 1 5

n
1
Tr    r(r 1)(r  2)(r  3)(r  4)  (r 1)r(r 1)(r  2)(r  3) 
r 1 5

n
1
Sn   Tr  1 2  3  4  5  0
r 1 5

1
  2  3  4  5  6  1  2  3  4  5
5

1
  r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)(r  4)  (r 1)r(r 1)(r  2)(r  3) 
5

1
 Sn  r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)(r  4)
5
n
1
(iii)  4r
r 1
2
1

1 1 1 1 
Tr    
(2r  1)(2r  1) 2  2r 1 2r  1 

n
1  1
Sn   Tr  1
r 1 2  2 

1 1 1
   
2 2 3


1 1 
 1 
2  2n  1 

1 1.3 1.3.5
(iv)    .....
4 4.6 4.6.8

203
Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”
2 1 1.3 1.3.5
     .....
2 4 4.6 4.6.8

 1 1.3 1.3.5 1.3....(2n  1) 

 2    ...
 2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6....(2n  2) 

 1.3.5.7....(2n 1) 
 Tn  2  {(2n  2)  (2n  1)}
 2.4.6.8....(2n  2) 

1.3.5.....(2n  1) 1.3.5.....(2n  1) 
Tn  2  
 2.4.6....2n 2.4.6....(2n  2) 

n
 1 1.3 
Sn   Tn  2  
n 1  2 2.4 

 1.3 1.3.5 
2  
 2.4 2.4.6 

1.3.5....(2n  1) 1.3.5....(2n  1) 
2  
 2.4.6....2n 2.4.6....(2n  2) 

 1 1.3.5....(2n  1) 
 Sn  2    Ans. &S  1
 2 2.4.6....(2n  2) 

1 2 3
18. Find the sum of the n terms of the sequence    ................
1  1  1 1  2  2 1  32  34
2 4 2 4

r r
Sol. Tr  
1 r  r2 4
(r  r  1)(r 2  r  1)
2

1  (r 2  r  1)  (r 2  r 1) 

2  (r 2  r 1)(r 2  r 1) 

1 1 1 
Tr   2
2  r  r  1 r  r 1 
 2

n
1  1
Sn   Tr  1
r 1 2  3 

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

204
1 1 1 
   
2 3 7 

1 1 1 
  2  2
2  n  n  1 n  n 1 

1 1 
 1 
2  n  n  1 
 2


 n 2  2n  3 
19. 
Let '  ' denotes the sum of the infinite series 
n 1  2n
 .

Compute the value of (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... +  ).
3 3 3 3


 n 2  2n  3 
Sol.    
r 1  2hn 

6 11 18 27 38
      .....
2 4 8 16 32

 6 11 18 27
     .....
2 4 8 16 32
Subtract

 6 5 7 9 11
       .....
2 2 4 8 16 32

Again divide by z,

 6 5 7 9
     .....
2 4 8 16 32
Subtract

 6 1 2 2 2
       .....
4 2 4 8 16 32

 11 1 1 1
      .....
4 4 4 8 16
 G.P.

1
 11 11 1 13
   4       13
4 4 1 1 4 2 4
2

205
Take your Dreams seriously
Now, Let S  13  23  33  ...  3

 13  23  33  ...  133
2
 13 14 
   8281
 2 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
20. If the sum 1 2
 2 + 1 2  2 + 1 2
 2 + ....... + 1  
1 2 2 3 3 4 (1999) (2000) 2
2

equal to n – where n  N. Find n.

1 1 n 2 (n  1) 2  (n  1) 2  n 2
Sol. Tn  1   
n 2 (n  1) 2 n 2 (n  1)

(n 2  n  1) 2

n 2 (n  1)2

n(n  1)  1 1
 Tn   1
n(n  1) n(n  1)

1 1 
 Tn  1    
 n n 1 
1999
1 1 
S1999   Tn  1    
n 1 1 2 

1 1
1    
2 3

 1 1 
1    
 1999 2000 

 1 
S1999  1999  1  
 2000 

1 1
 2000   n   n  2000(n  I)
2000 n

21. If the 10th term of an HP is 21 and 21 st term of the same HP is 10, then find the 210th term.

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.

206
Do something today that your future self will thank you for
For A.P.

1 1
 T10  a  9d  & T21  a  20d 
21 10

1 1
On Solving a  ,d 
210 210

1 209
 T210  a  (209)d   1
210 210

1
 (T20 )H.P.   1
1

22. The pth term T p of H.P. is q(p + q) and qth term Tq is p(p + q) when p > 2, q > 2. Prove that
(a) Tp + q = pq ; (b) Tpq = p + q ; (c) Tp + q > Tpq

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.

For A.P.

1
Tp  a  (p  1)d  …(1)
q(p  q)

1
Tq  a  (q  1)d  …(2)
p(p  q)

1 1
On Solving (1) & (2), a  &d 
pq(p  q) pq(p  q)

1 1
 (a)  Tp q   
H.P. a  (p  q  1)d 1 1
 (p  q 1) 
pq(p  q) pq(p  q)

T  p q H.P.  pq

1 1
(b)  Tpq   
H.P. a  (pq  1)d 1 1
 (p  q 1) 
pq(p  q) pq(p  q)

T  pq H.P.  pq

(c) p>2 & q>2

207
Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
1 1 1 1
  & 
p 2 q 2 Add

1 1
   1  p  q  pq
p q

  Tpq   Tp q 
H.P. H.P.

23. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4. The airthmetic mean A & the geometric mean G
satisfy the relation 2 A + G2 = 27. Find the two numbers.

Sol. Let the two numbers be ‘a’ & ‘b’

for two numbers G 2  AH

 2A  G 2  27

 2A  AH  27 (H = 4, given)

9
 6A  27  A 
2

9
 G 2   4  18
2

9
A  & G 2  18
2

a b 9
  & ab  18
2 2

On Solving, we get a  3 or a 6

 b = 6 or b=3

24. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27. Find the numbers.

Sol. Let the two numbers be ‘a’ & ‘b’

Let A.M. = A, G.M. = G & H.M. = H

Given :- A  G 15 & A  H  27

we also know that, for two numbers,

G 2  AH

208
The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”
 G2   G 15 A  27   G 15 G  15  27 

 G 2  (G 15)(G 12)

 G 2  G2  3G  180  G  60

 A  60  15  75

Now, G = 60 & A = 75

 ab  (60) 2 & a  b  150

On solving, we get, a = 120 or a = 30

 b = 30 or b = 120

25. In the quadratic equation A  3  2 x2   B

x  C  0 with ,  as its roots.
 3 2 
8 6 16
If A = ; B = sum of the infinite G.P. as 8 3    .......
3 3
 
k
and |–|= 6 6 where k = log610 – 2 log6 5 + log6 (log 6 18  log6 72) ,
then find the value of C.

 3  2  
1 1

 
4 4
Sol.  A  19  20 6 4
  3 2 …(1)

 2 
 B  8 3  2   ...    G.P.
 3 

 B  8
2
3

24
3 2
 24  3 2  ….(2)
1
3

 5
2
 k  log 6 10  log 6  log 6 log 18  72 

 log 6 10 / 5  log 6 log 6 64  log 6 2  log 6 2  log 6 4

log 6 4
 3
 
k
Also,    6 6  62 
 

209
Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me
3
log 6 4
   6 2
8

Now, A  
3  2 x2 
B
x c  0
 3 2 

 Ax  Bx  C
2
 3  2 0  

  
3  2 x 2  24  3 2 x c   3 2 0
(Using (1) & (2))


 x  24x  c  0
2

   8

 ( ) 2  4  64

 (24) 2  4c  64

 c  128

Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

210
EXERCISE–II
1. If sin x, sin22x and cos x · sin 4x form an increasing geometric sequence, find the
numerial value of cos 2x. Also find the common ratio of geometric sequence.
Sol. sin x,sin 2 2x,cos x  sin 4x are in G.P.
 (sin 2 2x)2  sin x(cos x sin 4x]
1
 sin 4 2x  sin 2x  2sin 2 2x cos 2x
2
 sin 2x  sin 2 2x cos 2x
4

 sin 2 2x  0  x  0 (Reject) { All numbers becomes zero.}

or sin 2 2x  cos 2x
 1  cos 2 2x  cos 2x
 cos2 2x  cos 2x 1  0
1  5 1  5
cos 2 x  or ( 1)
 2 2
 
1  5
 1  2sin 2 x 
2
 1  5  2  1  5 3  5
 2sin 2 x  1    
 2  2 2
3 5
 sin x 
4
sin 2 2 x 1  cos 2 2 x
Common Ratio of G.P. = 
sin x sin x
2
 5 1 
1   46 2 5
  2  
3 5 2 3 5
4
5 1  5  1  2
 
3  5 
2 6  5
2

2
 5  1  2
 2
 5  1
5 1
 cos 2 x  , common Ratio = 2
2

211
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
2. If the first 3 consecutive terms of a geometrical progression are the real roots of the
equation 2x3 – 19x2 + 57x – 54 = 0 find the sum to infinite number of terms of G.P.
a
Sol. Let , a, ar be the first 3 terms are in G.P.
r
2 x3 19 x 2  57 x  54  0
a 54
  a  ar   27
r 2
 a=3
Now:-
2x3 19x 2  57x  54  0
 (x  3)(x  2)(2 x  9)  0
9
 x  3, 2,
2
9
 Number in G.P. are ,3, 2
2
2
 r
3
3
a 2
27
 For G.P., S  r  3 
1 r 1 2 2
3

1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9

3. Find the sum of the infinite series     ..........  .
2 2 2 23 24
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
Sol. Let S      .....
2 22 23 24
1 1.3 3.5 5.7
 S  2  3  4  ....
2 2 2 2
Subtract
S 1.3 3.4 5.4 7.4
      ....
2 2 22 23 24
S 3  5 7 
    3   2  ....  …..(1)
2 2  2 2 
5 7
Let S  3   2  ....
2 2
S 3 5
   2  ....
2 2 2
subtract
S 2 2 2
  3   2  3  ....
2 2 2 2

212
It's not the time to look for excuses
S 1 1
  3  1    ....
2 2 4
 G.P.
S 1
  3  3  2  5  S  10 ; Put in (1)
2 1
1
2
S 3
   10  S  23
2 2

4. Two distinct, real, infinite geometric series each have a sum of 1 and have the same
second term. The third term of one of the series is 1 8 . If the second term of both the
m n
series can be written in the form , where m, n and p are positive integers and m is
p
not divisible by the square of any prime, find the value of 100m + 10n + p.
Sol. Let two G.P.’s are
a, a 2 ,a 3 .... & b, b 2 , b3 ,....
a1 b1
 1 1
1  r1 1  r2
 a1  1  r1  b1  1  r2
 a1  r1  1 …(1)  b1  r2  1 …(2)
Second terms of two G.P.’ s are same,
 a1r1  b1r2 …(3)
1 1
Given, T3   a1r12 
8 8
1
 1  r1  r12  (from(1))
8
1 1 5 1 5
 r12  , ,
2 4 4
1 3 5 3 5
 a , ,
2 4 4
1 1 3  5 1 5 3  5 1 5
 T2  ar   ,  , 
2 2 4 4 4 4
1 1  5 5 1
 , ,
4 8 8
m n 5 1
   m  5, n  1, p  8
p 8
 100m  10n  p  518

213
You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
5. One of the roots of the equation 2000x6 + 100x5 + 10x 3 + x – 2 = 0 is of the form
m n
, where m is non zero integer and n and r are relatively prime natural numbers.
r
Find the value of m + n + r.

Sol. 2000x 6  100x 5  10x 3  x  2  0

 x 1  10x 2  100x 4   2 1  1000x 6 

 
 1  102 3 
 x 
  2 1  1000x 6
 1  10x 2  
 

x 1  1000x 6


1 10x 2 
 2 1 1000x 6 
x
 1 1000x 6  0 or 2
1  10x 2
1
 1 6 m n
 x  (Rejected) It is not of the form
 1000  r
1  161 m n
or 20x 2  x  2  0  x  ; which is of the form
40 r
 m  1, n  161, r  40
 m  n  r  200

6. Find the condition that the roots of the equation x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 are in A.P. and
hence solve the equation x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0.
Sol. Let roots in A.P. be a  d,a,a  d
a–d
x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 a

a+d
(a  d)  a  (a  d)  p
p
a 
3

(a  d)a(a  d)  r  a 2  d 2 a  r 
p 2
 p p 3r 2
   d2    r   d2 
 9  3 9 p
p3  27r
d
9p
(a  d) a  a(a  d)  (a 2  d2 )  q
 3a 2  d 2  q

214
It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
p2  p 2  27r 
 3   q
9  9p 
 2p 3  27r  9pq  0
Now, equation x 3 12x 2  39x  28  0
p  12, q  39, r  28
p p3  27r
a &d 
3 9p
 a  4&d  3
 Roots are 1,4,7

7. If a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers such that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are

in HP then:
(i) Prove that a, c, e are in GP .
(ii) Prove that e = (2 b  a)²/a .
(iii) If a = 2 & e = 18 , find all possible values of b , c , d .
Sol.  a,b,c are in A.P.  2b  a  c ….(1)
 b,c,d are in G.P.  c2  bd ….(2)
2ce
 c,d,e are in H.P.  d  ….(3)
ce
 2ce 
(i) from (2), c2  bd  b    (using (3))
ce 
(2 b) e (a  c) e
c 
ce ce
2
 c  ce  ae  ce
 c2  ae  a,c,e are in G.P.
2be
(ii) c 
ce
2be
 2b  a  { 2b  a  c}
(2 b  a)  e
 (2b  a) 2  2be  ae  2be
(2 b  a) 2
e
a
(iii) If a = 2, e = 18
(2 b  a) 2 (2 b  2)
e  18 
a 2
 b 1  3  b  4 or b  2
If b = 4 or If b = –2
 c  2b  a  8  2  c  2b  a  4  2
c6  c  6

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Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
c2 c2
&d  9 &d   18
b b
(b,c,d)  (4,6,9) &( 2, 6, 18)


2x x
8. Let f (x) denote the sum of the infinite trigonometric series, f (x) =  sin n
sin n .
n 1 3 3
Find f (x) (independent of n). If the sum of the solutions of the equation f (x) = 0 lying in
the interval(0, 629) is 2k, find k.

2x x 1  2x x
Sol. f (x)   sin n
 sin n
  2sin n  sin n
n 1 3 3 2 n 1 3 3

1  x 3x 
  cos n  cos n 
2 n 1  3 3 

1  x x 
  cos n  cos n 1 
2 n 1  3 3 
1 x x x x x 
 cos  cos 0  cos 2  cos 2  cos 3  ....
2 3 3 3 3 3 
1 x x
 cos n  cos 0  ;n  
2 3 3 
1
f (x)  1  cos x 
2
Now, f (x)  0  cosx  1; x  (0,629)
 x  2n;n  I
 x  2, 4,6,..., 200 {  (0,629)}
 Sum of solution  2  4  6  .....  200
100
  2  200
2
 k  5050

9. A computer solved several problems in succession. The time it took the computer to
solve each successive problem was the same number of times smaller than the time it
took to solve the preceding problem. How many problems were suggested to the
computer if it spent 63.5 min to solve all the problems except for the first, 127 min to
solve all the problems except for the last one, and 31.5 min to solve all the problems
except for the first two ?
Sol. Let there are in ‘n’ problems in G.P.
 a,ar.ar 2 ,ar 3 ,.....,ar n 2 , ar n 1
T2  T3  .....  Tn  63.5
 ar  ar 2  ...  ar n 1  63.5

216
Believe you can & you are halfway there
 r n 1  1 
 ar    63.5 …..(1)
 r 1 
Again T1  T2  T3  ...  Tn 1  127
 a  ar  ar 2  ...  ar n 2  127
 r n 1  1 
 a   127 …..(2)
 r 1 
T3  T4  ....  Tn  31.5
 ar 2  ar 3  ...  ar n 1  31.5
 r n 2  1 
 ar 2    31.5 …..(3)
 r 1 
63.5 1 1
(1) / (2)  r  r
127 2 2
 r 1 
n 1
a 
 r 1  127
(2) / (3)  
 r  1  31.5
n 2
ar 2  
 r 1 
n 1
1
  1 127
 2 
1  1   31.5
n 2

    1
4  2  
  1 n 
 2    1  n
  127 ; 1
4   n
2
 Put    t
 1  31.5 2
 4   1 
 2 
2t  1 127 127
  
4t  1 4  31.5 126
n
1 1
 x   n 8
256  2 

10. If n is a root of the equation x 2(1  ac)  x (a2 + c2)  (1 + ac) = 0 & if n HM’s are
inserted between a and c, show that the difference between the first & the last mean is
equal to ac(a – c).
Sol. x = n is the root of given equation
 n 2 (1  ac)  n(a 2  c 2 )  (1  ac)  0 ….(1)

217
It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing
n H.M.'s are inserted
a c
 a, H1, H2 ,....., Hn c are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 1
 , , ,.... , are in A.P.
a H1 H 2 Hn c
1 1

1 1
   (n  2 1)  d  d  c a
c a n 1
1 1
 a
1 1 1 ac(n  1)
  d   c  H1 
H1 a a n 1 cn  a
1 1
1 1 1    ac(n  1)
&   nd   n  c a   H n 
Hn a a  an  c  an  c
 
 1 1 
 H1  Hn  ac(n 1)  
 cn  a an  c 
ac(n  1)
 an  c  cn  a 
(cn  a)(an  c)
ac(n  1)  (a  c)(n  1)

(cn  a)(an  c)
ac(a  c)(n 2 1)
 H1  H n  ….(2)
acn 2  (a 2  c2 )n  ac
from (1),
n 2 (1  ac)  n(a 2  c 2 )  (1  ac)  0
 n 2  n 2ac  n(a 2  c 2 ) 1  ac  0
 n 2 1  acn 2  (a 2  c 2 )n  ac ; Put in (2)
 H1  Hn  ac(a  c)

11. Given that the cubic ax3 – ax2 + 9bx – b = 0 (a  0) has all three positive roots. Find the
harmonic mean of the roots independent of a and b, hence deduce that the root are all
equal. Find also the minimum value of (a + b) if a and b  N.
Sol.
a–d
ax3– ax2 + bx– b=0 a ;   r > 0
a+d
a
*   r   1
a

218
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
b 
*r  
a 1 1 1
   9
9b    r
*  r  r  
a 
3 3 1
 H.M. of  r   
1 1 1 9 3
 
  r
  r 1
& A.M. of  r  
3 3
 A.M. of  r = H.M. of  r
1
 Number are equal      r 
3
1
x    is the root of given equation
3
a a 9b
    b  0  27b  a
27 9 3
 Minimum value of (a  b)  b  1& a  27
{ a, b  N}
 Minimum value of (a  b) is 28

    
12. If tan   x  , tan tan   x  , in order are three consecutive terms of a G.P. then
 12  12  12 
sum of all the solutions in [0, 314] is k. Find the value of k.
    
Sol. tan   x  , tan  tan   x  are in G.P.
 12  12  12 
2
      
  tan   tan   x   tan   x 
 12   12   12 
    
sin 2 2sin   x   sin   x 
 12   12   12 
      
cos 2 2cos   x   cos   x 
12  12   12 
 
sin 2 cos 2x  cos
 12  6
2  
cos cos  cos 2x
12 6
Apply componendo & dividend
 
sin 2  cos2
12 12  2cos 2x
  
sin 2  cos 2 2cos
12 12 6

219
Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
1 cos 2 x
 
  
 sin 2
cos 2 cos
12 12 6
1 cos 2x
 
 
cos cos
6 6
 cos 2x  1  2x  2n
 x  n ;n  I ; x [0,314]
 x  0, , 2 ,3,....99
100
 Sum of solutions   0  99
2
 4950  k (Given)
 k = 4950

13. The sequence a1, a2, a3, ....... a98 satisfies the relation an+1 = an + 1 for n = 1, 2, 3,
49
.........97 and has the sum equal to 4949. Evaluate a
k 1
2k .

Sol. a n 1  a n  1 ; n  1, 2,3,...,97
n 1  a 2  a1  1
n2  a 3  a 2  1  (a1  1)  1  a1  2
n 3  a 4  a 3 1  (a1  2)  1  a1  3

n  97  a 98  a1  97
 a1,a 2 ,a 3 ,....,a 98 are in A.P. (common difference = 1)
98
 S98  4949  a1   a1  97   a1  2
2
 a1  2,a 2  3,a 3  4, a 4  5
49
  a 2k  a 2  a 4  a 6  ...  a 98
k 1

49
 3  5  7  ...  99  3  99 
2
 2499

14. (a) The value of x + y + z is 15 if a , x , y , z , b are in AP while the value of ;

(1/x)+(1/y)+(1/z) is 5/3 if a , x , y , z , b are in HP. Find a & b.
(b) The values of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series a , x , y , z , b is an
AP or HP . Find the values of a & b assuming them to be positive integer.
Sol. (a) a, x, y, z, b are in A.P.
A.M.'s

220
Never will you have this day again , so make it count
ab
 x  y  z  3 
 2 
 a b 
 15  3    a  b  10 ….(1)
 2 
a, x, y, z, b are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 1
 , , , , are in A.P.
a x y z b
ab ab ab
Multiply by (ab)  b, ,  , a are in A.P.
x y z
A.M.'s

ab ab ab b a 
    3  
x y z  2 
 1 1 1
 ab      15 (from(1))
x y z

 ab    15  ab  9 …(2)
 3
 On solving (1) & (2)
a=1 or a=9
b=9 b=1
15
(b) If a, x, y, z, b are in A.P. , then xyz 
2
18
* If a, x, y, z, b are in H.P. , then xyz 
5
1 1 1 1 1
 , , , , are in A.P.
a x y z b
ab ab ab
Multiply by (a,b)  b, , , ,a are in A.P.
x y z
ab ab ab
 a, , , , b are in A.P.
z y x
&a, x, y, z are in A.P. too
ab ab ab
  x,  y,  z
z y x
 ab 
3

 xyz
Multiply all  xyz
18 15
5 2
 (ab)3  27  ab  3
a  1 & b  3
or a  3 & b  1  a, b  I 

221
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
15. Find the conditions on  and  such that x1, x2, x3 satisfying the cubic x3  x2 + x + 
= 0 are in A.P.
Sol. Let roots of given equation in A.P. be a  d,a,a  d
a–d
x3 – x2 + x –  = 0 a

a+d
1
* (a  d)  a  (a  d)  1  a  …..(1)
3
* (a  d)  a  (a  d)  
 a(a 2  d 2 )  
11 
   d 2   
39 
1 1
  3  d 2  0 
9 27
* a(a  d)  a(a  d)  (a  d)(a  d)  
 3a 2  d 2    3a 2   d 2  0
2
1 1
   3    
3 3

16. If the roots of 10x3  cx2  54x  27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then find c and
all the roots.
Sol. Roots of 10x3 – cx2 – 54x – 27 = 0 are in H.P.
1
 Replace x 
x
 27x 3  54x 2  cx  10  0 are in A.P.
 27x 3  54x 2  cx 10  0 are in A.P. ….(1)
Let Roots of this equation a  d,a,a  d in A.P.
54 2
 (a  d)  a  (a  d)    a  
27 3
10
 (a  d)a(a  d)  
27
10 2  4 2  10
 a a 2  d2      d  
27 3 9  27
 d  1  d  1
2

222
The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
2 52 2 1
 If a   & d = 1, then roots equation (1) are , ,
3 3 3 3
2 1 2 5
 If a  & d = –1, then roots of equation (1) are , ,
3 3 3 3
 Roots of given equation which are reciprocal of roots of equation (1) are
3 3  3
3, ,
2 5
Again, x = 3 is the roots of given equation
 10  27  9c  54  3  27  0
c9

17. If a , b , c be in GP & logc a, logb c, loga b be in AP , then show that the common
difference of theAP must be 3/2.
Sol. Let ‘r’ be the common ratio of G.P. and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.
 a,b,c are in G.P  b  ar, c  ar 2
 log c a, log b c, loga b are in A.P.
 d  logb a  log c a  log a b  logb c
nc na nb nc
 d   
ln b nc na nb
( nc)  na  nb ( nb) 2  na  nc
2
d  
nb  nc na  nB
( nc)  na  nb  ( nb)2  na  nc 
2

d 
nb  nc  na  nb
x y x  y
   
y z yz 
( nc  nb)  nc  nb  na 
d
nb  nc  na 
c
n    n(abc)
nr n(b3 )
  
b
  { a, b, c  G.P.}
c nr 2 n(b)
n    ln b
a
3
d
2

18. In a GP the ratio of the sum of the first eleven terms to the sum of the last eleven
terms is 1/8 and the ratio of the sum of all the terms without the first nine to the sum of
all the terms without the last nine is 2. Find the number of terms in the GP.

223
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
Sol. Let G.P. be a, ar, ar 2 , ar3 ,....ar n 1
a(1  r11 )  1  r11 
 S11  & S11 (from last )  ar n 11  
(1  r)  1 r 
S11 a 1 1
  n 11  n 11 
S11 (last) ar r 8
 r n 11  8 ….(1)
(Sum of all terms without the first 9 terms)
Again 2
(Sum of all terms without the last 9 terms)
 1  r n 9 
ar 9  
  1  r   2  r9  2 ….(2)
 1  r n 9 
a 
 1 r 
 from (1) & (2), r n 11  8  (2)3  (r 9 )3
 r n 11  27  n  38

19. Given a three digit number whose digits are three successive terms of a G.P. If we
subtract 792 from it, we get a number written by the same digits in the reverse order.
Now if we subtract four from the hundred's digit of the initial number and leave the other
digits unchanged, we get a number whose digits are successive terms of an A.P. Find the
number.
a
Sol. ,a, ar are in G.P.
r
 According to given condition,
 a  a
100  r   10(a)  ar   792  100(ar) 10(a)  r
   
a
 99  99ar  792
r
1 
a r 8 …..(1)
r 

a
Again,  4,a,ar are in A.P.
r

a 
 2a    4   ar
r 

1 
 2a  4  a   r 
r 

224
Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus
 8  8  r 2 1 
 2   4    from (1)
 1 r  1 r2  r 
2

 3r 2  8r  3  0

 (3r 1)(r  3)  0

1
 r or r = –3(Reject)
3

Put in (1), we get a = 3

a
  9,a  3, ar  1
r
 Number is 931

225
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
EXERCISE–III

   
1. (a) The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation 5  2 x 2  4  5 x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 [JEE '99, 2+2]

Sol. (5  2)x 2  (4  5)x  8  2 5  0

4 5 82 5
   ,  
5 2 5 2
2 82 5 
 H.M. of  &    2   4 Ans.
   4 5 

(b) Let a1, a2,...., a10, be in A.P. & h1, h2, ....., h10 be in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 & a10 = h10 = 3 then a4h7
is :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
Sol. A.P. : a1  2 , a10  3

 a10  a1  9d  3  d 
9
7
 a 4  a1  3d 
3
H.P. : - h1  2 , h10  3
1 1 1 1
  9D   D 
h10 h1 3 54
1 1 1  1  18
   6D   6     h 7 
h 7 h1 2  54  7
7 18
 a 4.h 7    6 Ans.
3 7

2. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162 and the sum of its first n terms is 160. If the
inverse of its common ratio is an integer, find all possible values of the common ratio, n and
the first terms of the series. [JEE '99, 6]
Sol. Let G.P. be a, ar,ar 2 ,ar3 ,......, r (1,1) –{0}
a a
S    162 ….(1)
1 r 1 r
 1 rn  a(1  r n )
Sn  a    160 ….(2)
 1 r  1 r

226
Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”
160 80 1
(2)/(1)  1  r n    rn 
162 81 81
1
 If r  , then n = 4 & a = 108
3

3. (a) Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r . If the sum is 4
and the second term is 3/4, then :
7 3 3 3 1 1
(A) a = , r = (B) a = 2, r = (C) a = ,r= (D) a = 3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4
2 3
Sol. (a) Let G.P. be a, ar, ar , ar ,……
a 3 3
 S   4 a  & T2  ar 
1 r 4r 4
3
  4(1  r)
4r
 3  16r 16r 2  16r 2 16r  3  0
1 3
 r  or r 
4 4
1
 If r  , then a = 3
4
3
If r  , then a = 1 Ans.
4

(b) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d)

satisfies the relation :
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
[JEE 2000, Screening, 1 + 1 out of 35]
+
Sol. a, b, c, d  R & a + b + c + d = 2
Apply AM  GM on two nos. (a + b) & (c + d)

(a  b)  (c  d)
  (a  b) (c  d)
z
 (a + b) (c + d)  1
and  a, b, c, d > 0
 (a + b) (c + d)  1  M  (0, 1] Ans.

(c) The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries
added to the product of any four consecutive terms of it . Prove that the resulting sum is the
square of an integer. [JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100]
Sol. Let the 4 numbers which are integers in A.P. be a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d : common
difference = 2d

227
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
Now, According to the condition
Let P(a –3d) (a – d) (a + d) (a + 3d) + (2d) 4
= (a2 – 9d2) (a2 – d2) + 16d4
= a4 – 10a2d2 + 25d2
= (a2 – 5d2)2
= (a2 – 9d2 + 4d2)2
= [(a –3d) (a + 3d) + (2d)2]2
= (integer) 2 Hence Proved.
{ a –3d, a + 3d, a + 3d & 2d are integer}

4. Given that  ,  are roots of the equation, A x2  4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the
equation, B x2  6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
[REE 2000, 5 out of 100]
 
Sol. Ax 2  4x  1  0 Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0
  + r = 4/a   B +  = 6/ 
r  1/ A   1/ 
& Divide & Divide
1 1 1 1
   4 ....(i)    6 ....(ii)
 r  
 , , ,  are in H.P.
1 1 1 1
 , , , are in A.P.; Let common difference of A.P. be ‘d’
   
 from (i) & (ii)
1 1 1 1
  2d  4 &  d   3d  6
   
2 2
  2d  4 &  4d  6
 
on solving,  = 1 & d = 1
1 1 1
  ,  , 
2 3 4
 A = 3 & B = 8 Ans.

5. The sum of roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their
reciprocals. Find whether bc2, ca2 and ab2 in A.P., G.P. or H.P.? [REE 2001, 3 out of 100]

2
Sol. ax + bx + c = 0

1 1 (  ) 2  2
Given : -         
2 2 ( )2

228
Take your Dreams seriously
b b 2 / a   2c / a b 2  2ac
  
a c2 / a 2 c2
 – bc2 = b2a – 2a2c  2a2c = bc2 + ab2
 bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P. Ans.
6. Solve the following equations for x and y
log2x + log4x + log16x + .................... = y
5  9  13  ............  (4 y 1)
= 4log4x [REE 2001, 5 out of 100]
1  3  5  ..............  (2 y 1)

 1 1   1 
Sol. y  log 2x 1    ......   log 2x 
 2 4  1
1  
 2
 y  2log 2x ….(1)
5  9  13  ......  (4y  1)
and  4log 4x ; y  0
1  3  5  ....(2y 1)
y
[5  4y  1]
 2  2log 2x
y / 2[1  2y  1]
2y  3
  y(from(i))
y
 y2 – 2y – 3 = 0
 y = 3 or y = – 1
rejected
 y = 3 & x = 2 3/2 Ans.

7. (a) Let   be the roots of x 2 – x + p = 0 and   be the roots of x 2 – 4x + q = 0. If     are in

G.P., then the integral values of p and q respectively, are
(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3 (C) –6, 3 (D) –6, –32
 
2 2
Sol. x – x + p = 0 x – 4x + q = 0
 
  +  = 1 ….(i)   +  = 4 ….(ii)
&  = p &  = q
 , , ,  are in G.P. let common ratio be r  from (i) & (ii)
  + r = 1 & r2 + ar3 = 4
On solving, we get,
If r = 2,  =1/3  2/3, r = 4/3 & 4/3
If r = – 2, a = – 1  = 2,  = – 4 &  = 8

229
Do something today that your future self will thank you for
 Integral values of p = – 2 & q = – 32 Ans.
(b) If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ........... is equal to the sum of the first n
terms of the A.P. 57, 59, 61, ........, then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13

Sol.  (2+ 5 + 8+……(2n) terms) = (57 + 59 + 61 +……(n) terms)

2n n
  2  2  (2n  1)  3  2  57  (n  1)  2 
2 2
 n = 1 Ans.

(c) Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) NOT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D) H.P. [JEE 2001, Scr, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]
Sol.  a, b, c, d  A.P.
Divide by (abcd)
1 1 1 1
 , , ,  A.P.
bcd acd abd abc
 bcd, acd, abd, abc  H.P.
 abc, abd, acd, bcd  H.P. Ans.

(d) Let a1, a2 .......... be positive real numbers in G.P. For each n, let An, Gn, Hn, be respectively,
the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2, a3, ...........an. Find an
expression for the G.M. of G1, G2, .........Gn in terms of A1, A2 .............An, H1, H2, .........Hn.
[JEE 2001 (Mains); 5]
Sol. Let be the G.M. of G1, G2,……Gn
 Gm = (G1  G2……Gn)1/n
 Gm = [(a1)  (a1 r)1/2  (a1  a1r2……a,rn–1)1/n]1/n
{r  common ratio of G.P. a1, a2, a3,……an}

 
1/n
 1/2 3/36/4 ......
n(n 1) 
 G m  a1   a1  a1......a1   r 2n 
  
 n times  
1/n n 1
 n (n  1) 
 G m  a1  r1/2  a1 r 4 ….(1)
 2 
a1  a 2  ......  a n a1 (1  r n )
Now, An   ….(2)
n n (1  r)

230
Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
n a1(1  r n )
and H n  
1 1 1  n(1  r)
 a  a  ......  a 
 1 2 n 
n n
Hn  
1 1 1  1 1 1 
 a  a  ......  a  a 1  r  ......  r n 1 
 1 2 n  1

a1n(1  r)  r n 1
Hn  ….(3)
1 rn
a (1  r n ) a1n(1  r)  r n 1
(2) × (3)  1 
n(1  r) (1  r n )
An  H n  a12r n 1
n n
  Ak H k  (a12  r n 1 )
k 1 k 1

(a1 a12……
2
n times) × r° r1  r2….rn–1
n(n 1)
= a12n  r 2

 n(n 1)

 a1  r 4  2n  (G m ) 2m (from (1))
1/2n
 n 
 G m    A k H k  
 k 1 
 G m   A1  A2 ......An  H1H 2 ......Hn 
1/2n
Ans.

3
8.(a) Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a 2, b2, c2 are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the
2
value of a is
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]
Sol. a, b, c  A.P.  2b = a + c ….(1)
a2, b2, c2  G.P.  b4 = a2c2 ….(2)
and a + b + c = 3/2 ….(3)
 b + 2b = 3/2  b =1/2 (from (1))
 b = 1/2 & a + c = 1
 a2c2 = 1/16  ac = ± 1/4
case i) If a + c = 1 & ac = 1/4 then
a = c = 1/2, but c > a (given)
 Rejected

231
The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”
case ii) If a + c = 1 & ac = – 1/4 , then
1
a  1  4a2 – 4a – 1 = 0
4a
1 2
 a
2
1 2 1– 2
 when a  , c , (Rejected)  c > 0
2 2
1 2 1 2
or when a  , c
2 2
1 1
 a  Ans.
2 2
(b) Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a , A 1 , A2 , b are in A.P. ; a , G 1 , G2 , b are in G.P. and
a , H1 , H2 , b are in H.P. , show that [JEE 2002, Mains, 5 out of 60]
G1G 2 A1 + A 2  2a + b  (a + 2b)
= =
H1H2 H1 + H 2 9ab
Sol. a, A1, A2, b  A.P.  A1 + A2 = ab
1 1 1 1
and , , ,  A.P.
a H1 H 2 b
3ab 3ab
 H1  & H2 
2b  a b  2a
1 1 1 1 a  b A1  A2
      ….(1)
H1 H 2 a b ab G1G 2
G1G 2 A1  A2 (2a  b) (a  2b)
Now,   Hence Proved.
H1H2 H1H 9ab

c
9. If a, b, c are in A.P., a2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P. , then prove that either a = b = c or a, b, 
2
form a G.P. [JEE-03, Mains-4 out of 60]
Sol. a, b, c are in A.P.  2b = a + c ….(1)
2a 2c 2
a2, b2, c2 are in H.P.  b 2 
a 2  c2
2a 2c 2
 b2 
(a  c) 2  2ac
2a 2c2
from (1), b2 
4b 2  2ac
 (ac – b2) (ac + 2b2) = 0
 b2  ac or 2b2  – ac

232
Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me
case i)
2
2  a c  2 2
If, b  ac     ac  a  c  2ac  0
 2 
2
 (a –c) = 0  a = c
 a=b=c
case ii) It 2b2 = – ac  a, b, – c/2 are in G.P. Hence proved

10. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0  x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

Sol. For a  G.P., r  a(– 1, 1) – {0}

a x
S   5
1 r 1 r
x
 r 1
5
x x
 1  1   1 & 1   0  x  5
5 5
x
 – 2  0 & x  5
5
 0 < x < 10 & x  5

11. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4.
[JEE 2004, 4 out of 60]
Sol. (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c) = 1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc
 a, b, c > 0
 Apply A.M.  G.M. on 7 positive numbers, a, b, c, ab, bc, ca & abc
a  b  c  ab  bc  ca  abc
  (a 4b4c 4 ) 1/7
7
Add 1 on LHS,
 1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc > 7 (a4b4c4)1/7
[(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77  (a4b4c4) Hence Proved

12. (a) In the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, if  = b2 – 4ac and  + , 2 + 2, 3 + 3 are in

G.P. where ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
(A)   0 (B) b = 0 (C) c = 0 (D)  = 0
 [JEE 2005 (Screening)]
b b c
Sol. ax2 + bx + c = 0 ;+= ,    ,  
 a a a

233
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
  + , 2 + 2 , a3 + a3 + 3 are in G.P.

 (2  )2  (  )(3  3 )

 4 4  2 22  4  4  3   3
 2()2  (2  2 )
 2()2  [(  )2  2]
2c  c  b 2 2c  2c 2 c(b2  2ac)
 
    
a2 a  a2 a  a2 a3
 2c2a = c(b2 – 2ac)  (b2 – 4ac) = 0
 c = 0 Ans.

 n  1  n+1
(b) If total number of runs scored in n matches is   (2 – n – 2) where n > 1, and the runs
 4 
scored in the kth match are given by k·2n+1– k, where 1  k  n. Find n. [JEE 2005(Mains), 2]
 n  1  n+1
Sol. Tk = k  2n+1–1 &   (2 – n – 2) ….(1)
 4 
n
Now, Sn   k  2 n 1k
k 1
n
 Sn  2 n 1
 k  2 k (A.G.P.)
k 1
  1 n 
Sn  2n 1  2 1  n  n  n 1  ….(2)
 2 2 2 
 from (1) & (2)
 n  1   n 1
 2  n – 2  2 2  2  n 
n 1

 4 
n 1
  2  n = 7 Ans.
4

2 3 n
3 3  3 n 1  3 
13. If A n           .......   1   and Bn = 1 – An, then find the minimum
4 4  4 4
natural number n0 such that Bn > An.  n > n0. [JEE 2006, 6]
2 3 n
3 3 3 n 1  3 
Sol. A n           .......   1  
4 4 4 4
3  3 
n
1     
4   4   3   3  
n
An   1    
1 3 / 4 7  4  

234
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
n
1  3 
  
6  4 
 Minimum natural no. n 0  5 Ans.

Comprehension (3 questions)
14. Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term
is 'r' and the common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...

(a) The sum V1 + V2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n 3 – 2n + 3)
2 3
Sol. A.P. : - a = r & d = (2r – 1)
r
 Sr  Vr  2r  (r  1)  (2r  1) 
2
 vr   2r 3  r 2  r  ….(1)
1
2
n
1 n 3 n 2 n 
  vr   2 r   r   r 
2  r 1
r 1 r 1 r 1 
n(n  1)
 [3n 2  n  2] Ans.
12

(b) Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number
Sol. Tr  v r1  vr  2
1 1 3 2
2(r  1)  (r  1)  (r 1)   [2r  r  r]  2
3 2

2 2
(from (1))
 Tr  3r 2  2r –1  (3r 1)(r  1)
 Tr is a composite number.

(c) Which one of the following is a correct statement ?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.

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It's not the time to look for excuses
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....... [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]
Sol. Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr
= [3(r + 1)2 + 2(r + 1) – 1] – [3r2 + 2r + 1] (from (2))
Qr = 6r + 5
 Q1 = 11, Q2= 17, Q3 = 23, Q4 = 29,……
 Q1, Q2, Q3,…… are in A.P. with common difference 6 Ans.

Comprehension (3 questions)
15. Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two
distinct positive numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and
harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn respectively.

(a) Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ...... (B) G 1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ...... (D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ......

Sol.  A.M., G. . and H.M. of two positive numbers are in G.P.

 G n  An 1  Hn 1  G n 1
 G1 = G2 = G3 = …… Ans.

(b) Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ......
(B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ......
(D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......
Sol.  An is the A.M. of An–1, Hn–1
An 1  H n 1
 An  ….(1)
2
Since A.M. > H.M.  An–1 > Hn–1 { Nos. are distinct}
 An–1 + An–1 > An–1 + Hn–1
 An–1 > An–1 + Hn–1
A  Hn 1
 An = n 1
2
An 1  H n 1
` from (1), A n   A n 1
2
 An < An–1
 A1 > A2 > A3 > A4 ……Ans.

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You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
(c) Which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ......
(B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ......
(D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ...... [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]
Sol.  Hn is the H.M. of An–1 & Hn–1
2 1 1
  ….(1)
Hn A n 1 H n 1
 A.M. > H.M.  An–1 > Hn–1 ( Nos. are distinct)

1 1
 
A n 1 H n 1

1 1 2
  
An 1 H n 1 Hn 1

2 2
 from (1),   Hn–1 < Hn
H n H n 1

 H1 < H2 < H3 < H4 …… Ans.

16. (a) A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR intersects the side QR at the point S and
the circumcircle of the triangle PQR at the point T. If S is not the centre of the circumcircle,
then [JEE 2008, 4]
1 1 2 1 1 2
(A) + < (B) + >
PS ST QS  SR PS ST QS  SR
1 1 4 1 1 4
(C) + < (D) + >
PS ST QR PS ST QR
P
Sol.

Q R
S×

T
PS × ST = QS × SR ….(1)
(Property)
Now, Apply G.M.  H.M on PS & ST

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It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
2
 PS  ST 
1 1

PS ST
1 1 2
  
PS ST PS  ST
1 1 2
   (from (1)
PS ST QS.SR

 option (B) is correct

Again apply AM > GM on QS & SR (QS + SR = QR)
QS  SR
  QS.SR
2

 QR  QS.RS

4 2
  (from (1))
QR PS  ST

4 1 1
    option B is correct.
QR PS ST

ASSERTION & REASON:

(b) Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2,
b3 = b2 + a3 and b4 = b3 + a4.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008, 3 (–1)]
2 3
Sol. Let a1, = a, a2 = ar, a3 = ar , a4 = ar
 b1 = a, b2 = a + ar, b3 = a + ar + ar2,

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Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
1  b1 , b 2 , b3 are not in G.P.

b1  b 2  ar 1  b1
      Not in G.P.
b 2  b3 – ar 2 r  b2
b
 1  Not in H.P.
 b3
17. Let S k, k = 1, 2, ...., 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is
k 1 1 100 2 100
and the common ratio is . Then the value of   |(k2 – 3k + 1)sk| is
k! k 100! k 1
[JEE 2010]
Sol. For  G.P.,
k 1
a k 1
Sk   k!  
1  r 1  1 k! (k  1)!
k
1
 SK 
(k  1)!
100
Let S   | (k 2  3k  1)Sk |
k 1

100
k 2  3k  1 100 k 2  k  2 1
 
k 1 (k  1)! k 1 (k  1)!
100
k(k  1) (2k  2  1)
 
k 1 (k 1)! (k  1)!
100
k 2 1
   ;k 1
k 1 (k  2)! (k  2)! (k  1)!
100
(k  2)  2 2 1
  
k 1 (k  2)! (k  2)! (k  1)!
100
1 1
S  ; k  1, 2
k 1 (k  3)! (k  1)!
100
 1 1 
 S  0 1    
k 3  (k  3)! (k  1)! 
 1  1 1   1 1   1 1 
 1  1              
 2!   1! 3!   2! 4!   3! 5! 

1 1  1 1   1 1   1 1 
     ....          
 4! 6!   95! 97!   96! 98!   97! 99! 
1 1
S  3 
98! 99!

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Believe you can & you are halfway there
1002 100 2
   (k  3k 1)Sk
100! k 1
1002 1 1 100 100
  3    3
100! 98! 99  98! 99! 99!

18. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a11 be real numbers satisfying a 1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2a k–1 – ak–2 for
a12  a 22  ....  a11
2
a  a  ....  a11
k = 3, 4, ...., 11. If  90 , then the value of 1 2 is equal to
11 11
[JEE 2010]
Sol.  a k  2a k 1  a k 2 for k = 3, 4, 5,….,11
a k  a k 2
  a k 1 fro k = 3, 4, 5,…., 11
2
 a1, a 2 ,...., a11 are in A.P. Let common difference
a1= 15 of A.P. be d
a12  a 22  ....  a 11
2
Now,  90
11
(15) 2  (15  d) 2  ....  (15  10d)2
   90
11
 9d 2  30d  27  0  d = – 3 or d = – 9/7
27
 27 – 2a2 > 0  a 2 
2
 d = – 3 & d = – 9/7 (rejected)
a  a  ....  a11 11
 1 2 
11 2
1
 2 15  10(3)   0 Ans.
11
p
19. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp =  a i , 1  p  100. For
i 1

Sm
any integer n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is [JEE 2011]
Sn
Sol. a1, a2,….a100 are in A.P. ; a1= 3
Let ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.
m
S  2  3  (m 1)  d 
 m  2 ; m = 5n (given)
Sn n
 2  3  (n 1)  d 
2

240
It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing
5n
6  (5n  1)  d 
 2
n
[6  (n  1)  d]
2
5n
  6  (5n  1)  d 
 2 = Independent of ‘n’
n
[6  (n 1)  d]
2

d=0 da
6 
5   1  5n 
Sm S
 5  m  d 
Sn Sn 6 
 d  1  n 
6
 a2 = a + d = 3  1  0  d = 6
a
 a2 = a + d = 9
 a = 3 or 9 Ans.

20. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is
[JEE 2011]
Sol. Apply A.M.  G.M. on 8 positive numbers,
a 5 ,a 4 ,a 3 ,a 3 ,a 3 ,1,a 8 ,a10
a 5  a 4  a 3  a 3  a 3  1  a8  a10
  (1)1/8
8
 a 5  a 4  3a 3 1  a 8  a10  8
 Minimum value = 8 Ans.

21. Let a 1, a2, a3 ,...... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive
integer n for which an < 0 is : [JEE 2012]
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 25
Sol.  a1, a2, a3,….ar in H.P. ; a = 5 a20 = 25
1 1 1
, , ,...., are in A.P. (common difference = d)
a1 a 2 a 3
a 1 1 –4
    (19)d 
a 20 25 5 19  25
 an < 0

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You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
1 4
   (n 1)  0  n > 24.75
5 19  25
 Least positive integer n = 25 Ans.

22. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,.... is [JEE Main 2013]
7 7 7 7
(A) (99 + 10–20) (B) (179 – 10–20) (C) (99 – 10–20) (D) (179 + 10–20)
9 81 9 81
Sol. S20  0.7  0.77  0.777  ....  20 terms.
 S20  7[0.1  0.11  0.111  ....20 terms]
7
 [0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ….20 terms]
9
7
 [(1  0.1)  (1  0.01)  (1  0.001)  ....20 terms]
9
7 1 1 1 1 
 [20    2  3  ....  20 ]
9  10 10 10 10 
 1   1  
20

 1     
7 10   10    7 
 20   179  10 20  Ans.

9 
 81

4n k(k 1)
23. Let Sn =  (1) 2 k2 . Then Sn can take value(s) [JEE Adv. 2013]
k 1

(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332

k(k 1)
4n
Sn   (1)
2
Sol. k2
k 1

= – 1 – 22 + 32 + 42 – 52 – 62 + 72 + 82 +….. 4n terms
2

= (32 – 12) + (4 2 – 22) + (7 2 – 52) + (8 2 – 62) +….

= 2[4 + 6 + 12 + 14 + 20 + 24 + ….2n terms]
 2[4  12  20  ....]  2[6  14  22  ....]
n  terms(A.P.) n  terms(A.P.)

n n
2  [8  (n 1)  8]  2  [12  (n 1)8]
2 2
= 4n(4n +1)

(A) 1056 = 32 × 33  n = 8
(B) 1088 = 32 × 34 ×
(C) 1120 = 32 × 35 ×
(D) 1332 = 36 × 37  n = 9

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Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
24. Let  and  be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and
1 1
  4 , then the value of | – | is [IIT Main 2014]
 
2 13 61 2 17 34
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9

Sol. px2 + qx + r = 0 ;  +  = – q/p
  = r/p
 p, q, r are in A.P.
2q r
 2q = p + r   1
p p
 – 2( + ) = 1 + 
1 1 1 1 1 1 
 – 2     1        4
     9   
given
1 1  4
*  4  4  += 
   9
2 13
 | – | = (  )2  4  Ans.
9

25. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the
new numbers are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is [IIT Main 2014]
(A) 2 + 3 (B) 2  3 (C) 3  2 (D) 2  3
2
Sol. a, ar, ar  G.P. (r > 1)
a, 2ar, ar2  A.P.
 2 × 2ar = a +ar 2  r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
 r 2 3, 2– 3
rejected
 r  2  3 Ans.

26. If (10)9 + 2(11)1 (10)8 + 3(11)2 (10)7 + ..... + 10(11) 9 = k(10)9, then k is equal to
121 441
(A) 110 (B) (C) (D) 100 [IIT Main 2014]
10 100

Sol. Let S  109  2 111 108  3 11107  ....  9 118 101  10 119
11
 S  111 108  2 112 107 t......  9 119 1110
10

243
Never will you have this day again , so make it count
Subtract
1
 S  109 111 108 112 107  ...... 119 1110
10 G.P. of 10terms

  11 10 
10 1    
9
1   10    1110
 S
10 11
1
10
11
 S = 10
 Given 1011 k(10)9  k 100 Ans.

b
27. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a, b, c are in geometric progression
a
a 2  a  14
and the arithmetic mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is [IIT Adv. 2014]
a 1
Sol.  a, b, c are in G.P. (r  Lommon Ratio)
 b = ar, c = ar2
Also given that A.M. of a, b, c is b + 2
a  ar  ar 2
  ar  2
3
 a(r – 1)2 = 6  r must be 2 & a = 6
{r  I & a, b, c  I}
a 2  a  14 36  6  14
   4 Ans.
a 1 7
13 13  23 13  23  33
28. The sum of first 9 terms of the series   + .... is [IIT Main 2015]
1 1 3 1 3  5
(A) 192 (B) 71 (C) 96 (D) 142
2
 n(n  1) 
1  2  ....  n
3 3 3  
Sol. Tn = Tn    22 
1  3  ....  (2n 1) n
1
 Tn  (n  1)2
4
9
1
 S9   Tn   22  32  ....  102  12 12 
n 1 4  
add &substract 

1 10 11 21 
  1  96 Ans.
4  6 

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Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
29. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers  and n (, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three
geometric means between  and n, then G14  2G 24  G 34 equals [IIT Main 2015]
(A) 42m2n2 (B) 42mn (C) 4m2n (D) 4mn2
Sol.  A.M. of l & n = m
ln
 m  l + n = 2m ….(1)
2
Again,  l, G1, G2, G3, n are in G.P.
 r = (n/l)1/4
 G1 = l(n/l)1/4, G2 = l(n/l)2/4, G3 = l(n/l)3/4
 G14 + 2G24 + G34 + l4(n/l) + 2 × l4 (n/l)2 + l4 × (n/l)3
= nl (l + n)2
= 4nlm2 (from (1)) Ans.

30. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio
of the sum of the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh
term lies in between 130 and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is
[IIT Adv. 2015]
Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P. ; a  N
7
[2a  6d]
S7 6 6
Given : -   2   a  9d
11
S11 11 [2a  10d] 11
2
Again  130 < T7 < 140
 130 < a + 6d < 140 {  a = 9 d}
 d = 9 { a  N} Ans.
& a = 81

31. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P. then the common ratio of this
G.P. is [IIT Mains 2016]
8 4 7
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
5 3 4
Sol. Given T2, T5, T9 of A.P ar in G.P
 a + d, a + 4d, a + 8d  G.P.
 (a + 4d)2 = (a + d) (a + 8d)
 a = 8d { d  0}
 9d, 12d, 16 d are in G.P.

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The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
12 4
 Common Ratio =   Ans.
9d 3
2 2 2
 3  2   1 16
32. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series 1    2    3  + 4 2 + + ......, is m,
 5  5   5 5
then m is equal to [JEE Mains 2016]
(A) 102 (B) 101 (C) 100 (D) 99
2 2 2
 8   12   16 
Sol. S10           ......10 terms.
5  5   5 
10
16
 S10   (n  1) 2
n 1 25
16  2 2
 2  3  ....  112  12  12 
25  
 Add &subtract 

16 1112  23  16 16
   1   505  m(given)
25  6  25 5

33. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2,...., 101. Suppose logeb1, logeb2,....., logeb101 are in Arithmetic Progression
(A.P.) with the common difference loge2. Suppose a1, a2, ...., a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1
and a51 = b51. If t = b1 + b2 + .....+ b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ...... + a51, then [JEE Adv. 2016]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101< b101
Sol.  ln b1, ln b2,……. ln b101 are in A.P. d  common difference
 b1, b2,….., b101 are in G.P. ; Let r  common ratio
Given common difference of A.P. = ln 2
b
 ln b2 – ln b1 = ln 2  2  2  r
b1
Let a1, = b1 = a
a(r 51  1)
 t = b1 + b2 +……+ b51 = = a(251  1) ….(1)
r 1
51
& a1 + a2 +……a51 = [2a  50d] ….(2)
2
Also, a51 = b51
 a + 50d = a(2)50  50d = a(250  1)
51a 50  51 
 from (2), & s  (2 + 1) = a  51.a 49  
2  2
 51   53 
 s  a  4.249  47.249    a  (25  1)  47.249  
 2  2 
 53 
 s – t  a  47.249   (from (1))
 2

246
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
 Clearly s > t
Now, a101 = a + 100d = a+ 2a.(250 – 1) = a(251 – 1)
& b101 = a(2) 100  b101 > a101

34. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c, 9(25a2 + b2) + 25(c2 – 3ac) = 15b(3a + c).
Then, [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) b, c and a are in G.P. (B) b, c and a are in A.P.
(C) a, b and c are in A.P. (D) a, b and c are in G.P.
2 2 2
Sol. 9(25a + b ) + 25(c – 3ac) = 15b(3a+ c)
 225a2 + 9b2 + 25c2 – 75ac – 45ab – 15bc = 0
1
 (15a – 3b)2  (3b – 5c)2  (5c –15a) 2   0
2
 15a = 3b & 3b = 5c & 5c = 15a
 5a = b & 3b = 5c & 5c = 15a
 a:b:c=1:5:3
 a = , b = 5, c = 3
 a, c, b ar in A.P.  b, c, a are in A.P.

35. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetric progression. If the triangle has area 24,
then what is the length of its smallest side ? [JEE Adv. 2017]
Sol.

a + 2d
a

a+d
1
Area = 24   a  (a  2d)  24
2
 a(a + d) = 48 ….(1)
Also, from right angled triangle
(a +2d)2 = a2 + (a + d)2
 (3d – a) (a + d) = 0  3d= a { a + d  0}
 d = 2, a = 6
 Smallest side is 6 Ans.

36. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of the first 40 terms of the series
12 + 2  22 + 32 + 2  42 + 52 + 2  62 +..... If B – 2A = 100, then  is equal to :
[JEE Mains 2018]

247
Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus
(A) 496 (B) 232 (C) 248 (D) 464
Sol. A  1  2  2  3  2  4  5  ....  2  20
2 2 2 2 2 2

= (12 + 22 +….202) + (2 2 + 42 +…. + 202)

20  21 41 10 11 21
  4  4410
6 6
B = 12 + 2  22 + 32 +….+ 2  402
 (12  22  ....  402 )  (22  42  ....  402 )
40  41 81 20  21 41
  4  33620
6 6
33620  4410
 B – 2A =      248 Ans.
100
12
37. Let a1, a2, a3, .....,a49 be in A.P. such that a
k 0
4k 1  416 and a9 + a43 = 66.

If a12  a 22  .......a17
2
 140m , then m equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 33 (B) 66 (C) 68 (D) 34
Sol. a1, a2,….a49 are in A.P. d  Common difference
12
 a
k 0
4k 1  416

 a1 + a5 + a9 +….+ a49 = 416

 a1 + (a1 + 4d) (a1 + 8d) +….+ (a1 + 48d) = 416
 13a1 + 24 × 13d = 416  a1 + 24d = 32 ….(1)
Also, a9 + a43 = 66
 (a1 + 8d) + (a1 + 42d) = 66
 a1 + 25d = 33 ….(2)
on solving (1) & (2) ; a1 = 8 & d = 1
 a12 + a22 +….+ a17 2
= 140 m
 a12  (a1  d)2  ....  (a1 16d)2  140m
 17a12  d 2 (12  22  .... 162 )  2a1d (1  2  ....16)  140m
16 17  33 16 17
 17  64 1  2  8 1  140 m
6 2
 m = 34 Ans.

38. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11, ..... ,
and Y be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 9, 16, 23, .....
Then, the number of elements in the set X  Y. [JEE Adv. 2018]
Sol. X = {1. 6, 11,…. } & y = {9, 16, 23….}
 Common Terms are  16, 51, 86….
 tp = 16 + (p – 1) × 35 = 35p – 19  (1 + (2018 – 1) × 5)

248
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
 35p – 19  10086
 p  288.7  p = 288
 No. of common terms = 288
 n(X  Y) = n(X) + n(Y) – n(X  Y)
= 2018 + 2018 – 288
= 37 48 Ans.

39. The sum

3 13


5  13  23   7  13  23  33   ..... upto 10 th
terms, is :
12 12  22 12  22  32
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 660 (B) 620 (C) 680 (D) 600
2
 n (n  1) 
(2n  1)  
(2n  1)[13  23  ....  n 3 ]  2 
Sol. Tn  
(12  22  ....  32 ) n (n  1) (2n  1)
6
6 3
 n(n  1)  (n 2  n)
4 2
10
3  10 10

 S10   Tn    n 2   n 
n 1 2  n 1 n 1 

3 10 11  21 10 11 

   660 Ans.
2  6 2 

40. If a1, a2, a3, ......an are in A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 +.......+ a16 = 114, then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal
to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 38 (B) 98 (C) 76 (D) 64
Sol. a1, a2,….,an are in A.P. d  common difference
 a1 + a4 + a7 + a16 + = 114
 a1 + (a1 + 3d) + (a1 + 6d) +….+ (a 1 + 15d) = 114
 6a1 + d (3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15) = 114
 6a1 + 45d = 114  2a1 + 15d = 28 ….(1)
Now, a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 = a1 + (a1 + 5d) + (a1 + 10d) + (a1 + 15d)
= 4a1 + 30d
= 2[2a1 + 15d] = 2 × 38
= 76 Ans.

41. If the sum and product of the first three terms in an A.P. are 33 and 1155, respectively, then a
value of its 11th term is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) –25 (B) 25 (C) –36 (D) –35

249
Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”
Sol. Let 3 numbers in A.P. be a – d, a, a + d
 (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 33  a = 11
& (a – d)  a  (a + d) = 1155
 1/121 – d2) = 1155  d = ± 4
* If a = 11, d = 4, then A.P. is 7, 11, 15….
 T11 = 7 + 10 × 4 = 47
or
* If a = 11, d = – 4, then A.P. is 15, 11, 7….
 T11 = 15 + 10 (– 4) = – 25 Ans.
42. The sum of the series 1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 7 + ...... upto 11th term is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 915 (B) 946 (C) 945 (D) 916
Sol. 1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 7 + ….
 Tn = n(2n – ) = 2n2 – n
11
1112  23 1112
 S11   Tn  2    946 Ans.
n 1 6 2

20
1
43. The sum k 2
k 1
k
is equal to : [JEE Main 2019]

3 11 11 21
(A) 2  (B) 2  (C) 1  (D) 2 
217 219 220 220
20
 k 
Sol.   2
k 1
k 

 S (Let)

1 1 1 1 1
 S  1   2  2  3  3  ....  19. 19  20  20
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
  S  1  2  2  3  .... 19  20  20  21
2 2 2 2 2
_____________________________________
Subtract
1 1 1 1 1 1
 S   2  3  .... 20  20  21
2 2 2 2 2 2
G.P.

S 1 (1  (1/ 2) ) 2020
1 20
   21  1  20 
2 2  1 2 2 2  220
1  
 2
S 11 11
 1  20  S  2  19 Ans.
2 2 2

44. The sum of all natural numbers 'n' such that 100 < n < 200 and H.C. F. (91, n) > 1 is:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 3221 (B) 3121 (C) 3203 (D) 3303

250
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
Sol. The natural numbers between 100 & 200 are
101, 102, 103,……, 198, 199
 91 = 13 ×7, so the natural numbers between 100 and 200 whose HCF with 91 is more that
1 are the numbers which are either divisible by 7 or 13.
 Required Sum = (Sum of nos. divisible by 7) + (sum of nos. divisible by 13)
– (sum of nos. divisible by 91
– (sum of nos. divisible by 91)
= 7[15 + 16 +…. + 28] + 13[8 + 9 +….+ 15] – 13 × 14
14 8
 7  (15  28) –13  (8  15)  13 14
2 2
= 3121 Ans.

3 3 3 3
3  1   1   3
45. If the sum of the first 15 terms of the series    1    2   33   3   ...... is
4  2  4  4
equal to 225 k, then k is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 108 (B) 27 (C) 54 (D) 9

3 3 3 3
 3 3  9   15 
Sol. Let S           (3)3     ....
4 2 4 4
3 3 3 3
 3   6   9   12 
 S              ....(15 terms)  225 k
4 4 4  4 
3
3
 S =   13  2 2  33  ....(15 terms)   225k
4
2
27  15 16 
    225k  k = 274 Ans.
64  2 

46. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is 512. If 4 is added to each of the first and
the second of these terms, the three terms now form an A. P. Then the sum of the original
three terms of the given G. P. is : [JEE Mai 2019]
(A) 36 (B) 32 (C) 24 (D) 28
a
Sol. Let 3 terms in G.P. be ,a, ar
r
a
  a  ar  512  a = 8
r
a
Now,  4, a  4, ar  A.P.
r
a  a
 2(a  4)    4   ar  ar   2(a  4) – 4
r  r

251
Take your Dreams seriously
a
 Sum of terms in G.P. =  a  ar
r
a
  ar  a  2(a  4)  4  a
r
= 28 Ans.

1  2  3  ....  k 5
47. Let Sk  . If S12 + S22 + ..... + S102 = A , then A is equal to :
k 12
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 283 (B) 301 (C) 303 (D) 156

k(k  1)
1  2  3  ....  k 2 k 1
Sol. Sk   
k k 2
5
 S12  S22  S32  ....  S10
2
 A
12
1 2 3 5
 2  3  ....  112   A
4 12
1 1112  23 2  5
  1   A  A = 303 Ans.
4  6  12

48. If 19th term of non - zero A.P. is zero, then its (49th term) : (29th term) is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 2 : 1
Sol. a1, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,….  A.P.
T19 = a + 18d = 0  a = – 18d
T a  48d –18d  48d 3
 49    Ans.
T29 a  28d –18d  28d 1

49. The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms is 3 and the sum of the cubes of its
27
terms is . Then the common ratio of this series is : [JEE Main 2019]
19
1 2 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 9 9
2 3
Sol. a, ar, ar , ar ,…. G.P. ; a, r > 0
a
S  3   3 ….(1)
1 r
27
Also, a 3  a 3 r 3  a 3r 6  a 3r 9  .... 
 G.P. 19

252
Do something today that your future self will thank you for
a3 27
  ….(2)
1 r 3
19
a 3 / (1  r) 3 27
(1)3/2  
a / (1  r )27 /19 19
3 3

r 2  r 1
  19  Gr2 – 13r + 6 = 0
r  2r  1
2

 r = 2/3 or r = 3/2 (Reject)  for  G.P. r < 1

 r = 2/3 Ans.

a3 a
50. Let a1, a2, ..... a10 be a G.P. If  25 , then 9 equals : [JEE Main 2019]
a1 a5
(A) 54 (B) 4(52) (C) 53 (D) 2(52)

Sol. Let r be the common ratio of G.P.

a3 a r2
  25  1 = 25  r2 = 25
a1 a1
a 9 a1r 8
Now,   r 4  (25)2  54 Ans.
a 5 a1r4

51. Let a, b and c be the 7 th, 11th and 13th term's respectively of a non-constant A. P. If these are
a
also the three consecutive terms of a G.P., then is equal to :- [JEE Main 2019]
c
(A) 1/2 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 7/13
Sol. Let ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.
& a1 be the first term of A.P.
 a = T7 = a1 + 6d
b = T11 = a1 + 10d
c = T13 = a1 + 12d
Also, a, b, c are in G.P., Let r be the common ratio.
b c
 r 
a b
b  c (a 1  10d)  (a1  12d)  2 1
 r   
a  b (a1  6d) – (a 1  10d) – 4 2
a a 1
  2  2  4 Ans.
c ar r

52. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in G.P. and a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 4 (B) –3 (C) –2 (D) 2

253
Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
Sol. Let ‘r’ be the common ratio of G.P.
 a + b + c = xb
 a + ar + ar2 = x(ar)
r 2  r 1
  x ( a  0)
r
1
 1 r   x
r
1
 r   (– , – 2]  [2, )  x  (– , – 1]  [3, ) Ans.
r
30 15
53. Let a1, a2 ,......, a30 be an A.P., S   a i and T  a (2i 1) .
i 1 i 1
If a5 = 27 and S –2T = 75, then a10 is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 57 (B) 47 (C) 42 (D) 52

Sol. Let ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.

30
 S = a1 + a2 + ….. + a30 = [2a1 + 29d]
2
15
T = a1 + a3 +……+ a29 = [2a1 + 14 × 2d]
2
 a5 = = 27  a1 + 4d = 27
Now, 5 – 2T = 15(2a1 + 29d) – 15(2a1 + 28d) = 75
 15d = 75  d = 5
 7 ( a1 = 27 – 4d}
 a10 = a1 + 9d = 7 + 9 × 5 = 52 Ans.

54. The sum of the following series

9 12  22  32  12 12  2 2  32  4 2  15 12  22  ....  52 
1 6     ... up to 15 terms, is:
7 9 11
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 7820 (B) 7830 (C) 7520 (D) 7510

9 12  22  32  12 12  2 2  32  4 2  15 12  22  ....  52 

Sol. Let S = 1  6     ...
7 9 11
3(12 ) 6(12  22 ) (12  22  32 )
S  9  ......15 terms
3 5 7
 3r   2  3r  r(r 1)(2r  1)
 Tr    1  2  ......  r    
2 2

 2r  1   2r  1  6
1 3 2
Tr  (r  r )
2

254
The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”
1  15 3 15 2  1  15 16  15 16  31
15 2

 S   Tr   r  r      
r 1 2  r 1 r 1  2  2  6 
= 780 Ans.

55. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive integers. The maximum value of the
x m yn
expression is: [JEE Main 2019]
1  x 2m  1  y2n 
1 1 mn
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 6mn
x m yn 1 1
Sol.  
(1  x ) (1  y )  m 1
2m 2n
  n 1 
x  m   y  yn 
 x   
1 1
 xm  m
 2 & y2  n  2
x y
x m yn 1 1
 Maximum value of   Ans.
(1  x ) (1  y ) 2  2 4
2m 2n

56. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and the equations ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0 and
dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have a common root, then which one of the following statements is correct?
[JEE Main 2019]
d e f
(A) d,e,f are in A.P. (B) , , are in G.P.
a b c
d e f
(C) , , are in A.P. (D) d,e,f are in G.P.
a b c
Sol. a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac
 the equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 & dx2 + 2ex + f = 0
have a common root,
 (af – cd)2 = (2ae – 2bd) (2bf – 2ec)
 a 2f 2  c2d 2  2acdf  4aebf – 4ae 2c  4b 2df  4bdec(ac  b 2 )
 a 2f 2  c2d2  4b2 e2  2acd – 4aebf  4bdec  0
 (af  cd  2be)2  0  af + c d = 2be
af cd 2be af cd e
  2 2    2   { a b2 = ac}
2
b b b ac ac b
f d 2e d e f
    , , are in A.P.Ans.
c a b a b c

255
Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me
n n  7
57. Let the sum of the first n terms of a non-constant A.P., a1, a2, a3,... be 50n  A, where A
2
is a constant. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then the ordered pair (d, a 50) is equal
to : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) (A, 50 + 46A) (B) (A, 50 + 45A) (C) (50, 50 + 46A) (D) (50, 50 + 45A)
Sol. a1, a2, a3,……A.P.
n (n  7) A
Sn  50n 
2
* n1 = 1  S1 = a1 = 50 – 3A ….(1)
* n2 = 2  S2 = a1 + a2 = 100 – 5A ….(2)
(2) – (1)  a2 = 50 – 2A = a1 + d
 50 – 2A = 50 – 3A+ d  d = A
& a50 = a1 + 49d = 50 – 3A + 49A = 50 + 46A Ans.

1
58. Let a, b and c be in G.P. with common ratio r, where a  0 and 0  r  . If 3a, 7b and 15c are
2
the first three terms of an A.P., then the 4th term of this A.P. is: [JEE Main 2019]
7 2
(A) a (B) a (C) a (D) 5a
3 3
Sol. Let A be the first term and D be the common difference of A.P.
 A.P. T1 = A = 3a ….(1)
T2 = A + D = 7b = 7ar ….(2)
2
T3 = A + 2D = 15C = 15ar ….(3)
(2) – (1)  D = 7ar –3a  15r2 – 14r + 3 = 0
1 3
(3) – (2)  D = 15a2 – 7ar  r  or r 
3 5
Rejected
 T4 = A + 3D = 3a + 3(7ar –3a)
 1 
= 3a + 3  7a   3a   a Ans.
 3 

n n
59. If  and  are the roots of the equation 375x 2 – 25x – 2 = 0, then lim   r  lim  r is equal
n  r 1 n  r 1

to:- [JEE Main 2019]

21 29 1 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
346 358 12 116

2
Sol. 375x – 25x – 2 = 0


256
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
25 1 2
    &  
375 15 375
n n
 lim   r  lim r
n  n 
r 1 r 1

 (    ....)  (    ....)   G.P.’s

2

      2
=    ,   (– 1, 1)
1   1   1  (   )  
1  2 
 2 
 15  375   1 Ans.
1 2 12
1   
 15  375

60. If ,  and  are three consecutive terms of a non constant G.P. such that the equations
x2 + 2x +  = 0 and x2 + x – 1 = 0 have a common root, then ( + ) is equal to:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A)  (B) 0 (C)  (D) 
Sol.  Roots of equation x2 + x – 1 = 0 are irrational
 x2 + 2x + r = 0 & x2 + x – 1 = 0 have both roots common.
 2 r
     (let)   = ,  = l/2,  = – 
1 1 1
  
2
 ( + ) = 
       Ans.
2  2

61. If sin 4   4cos 4   2  4 2 sin  cos ; , [0, ] then cos      – cos (  ) is equal to:
[JEE (Main) 2019]
(A) 0 (B)  2 (C) –1 (D) 2
sin   4 cos  1 1
4 4
Sol.  (sin 4 .4cos 4 .1.1)1/4
4
 2.sin .cos 
 sin 4   4cos 4  1 1  4 2.sin .sin 
But given sin 4   4cos 2   2  4 2.sin .cos 
 numbers are equal & + ve
 sin4 = 1 & cos4 = 1
 1 
  & cos    
2 2 4
 cos(  ) – cos( )
   
 cos     cos   
2 4 2 4

257
Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.
1 1
    –2 2
2 2

62. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – x –1 = 0, with  > . For all positive integers n, define
 n  n
an  , n 1 [JEE Adv. 2019]
 
b1 = 1 and bn = an–1 + an+1 , n  2.
Then which of the following option is/are correct ?

a 10
(A) a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an = an+2 – 1 for all n  1 (B)  10nn  89
n 1

b 8
(C)  10nn  89 (D) bn = n + n for all n  1
n 1
Sol. sin   4cos 4  1 1  4 2 sin  cos 
4

Apply A.M.  G.M. on sin 4 , 4cos 4 ,1,1

sin 4   4 cos4  1 1
  (4sin 4  cos 4 )1/ 4
4
 sin 4   4cos 4   2  4 2 sin  cos 
 Equality holds only when
sin4 = 4 cos4 = 1
 sin4 = 1 & cos4 = 1/4
  = /2 &  = /4
1
 cos ( + ) – cos( – ) = – 2 sin  sin  = – 2 × 1 × = – Ans.
2
63. Let AP (a; d) denote the set of all the terms of an infinte arithmetic progression with first term
a and common difference d > 0. If AP(1; 3)  AP(2; 5)  AP(3; 7) = AP (a; d) then a + d
equals ___ [JEE Adv. 2019]
2
Sol. x – x – 1 = 0 ;  +  = 1 ;  = – 1

1 5 1 5
 ,  ( ) 2  (   )2  4  5
2 2(  B)
n
(A) a1  a 2  a 3  ....  a n   a i
i 1

n n  1   n   1  n 
  i   i    
 1    1   

 i 1 i 1

   

258
It's not the time to look for excuses
(1 ) (1   n )   (1  )(1  n )

(  ) (1  ) (1  )

(  ) (1  n )  (  ) (1  n )
   –1
(  ) (1  ) (1  )

(  1) (1  n )  ( 1) (1  n )

(  ) (1  ) (1  )

 2 (1   n ) 2 (1 n )   2    1  0
 
  2 
(  ) (1  (   )  )    1  0 
 

 2  n 2  2  n  2

(  ) (–1)

(2  2 )  n 2  n 2 n 2  n  2
  – (  ) 
 (  )  

 1  n  2  n+2  option (A) is correct.


an 
n – n 1   

(B) 
n 1 10
n
 
n 1 (  )10
n
  
(  )  n 1
( /10) n
 
n 1
( /10) n
 
n 1
( /10) n 

 
 G.P.  G.P.
1   /10  /10 
 
(  ) 1   /10 1   / 10 


1     1     10
     
(  ) 10 –  10    (  ) 10 –  10    89
  

Option(B) is correct
n n

b    

(C)   nn         
n 1  10  n 1  10  n 1  10 

 /10  /10 10(  ) – 2

  
1   /10 1  /10 100 10(   )  
12
  option (C) is not correct
89
 n 1  n 1 n 1 – n 1
(D) bn  a n 1  a n 1  
   
 n 1 ( 2  1)  n 1 (2  1)

(  )

259
You are so close to victory, Don’t give up
 n 1 (2  2)  n 1 (2  2) 2    1
 ;
(  ) 2    1

5  5 
 n 1 (  2)  n 1  
  2 
(  )
 5  5  n 1  5  5 
 n 1   –  
  2   2 
(  )
 5 1   5 1 
5  n 1  n 1
 5  
  2   2 ;  – 5
5
  n 1 () n 1(– )
 n  n  option (D) is correct.
.
64. The greatest positive integer k, for which 49k + 1 is a factor of the sum
49125 + 49124 + ......+ 492 + 49 + 1, is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 32 (B) 60 (C) 65 (D) 63
Sol. First Series is {1, 4, 7, 10, 13,….}
Second Series is {2, 7, 12, 17,….}
Third Series is {3, 10, 17, 24,….}
AP [1, 3)  AP (2, 5)  AP(3, 7) = AP (a, d)
 d = LCM (3, 5, 7) = 105
The least number in the third series which leaves remainder 1 on dividing by 3 and leaves
remainder 2 on dividing by 5 is 52
 a = 52
 a + d = 52 + 105 = 157 Ans.
65. Five numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 25 and product is 2520. If one of these five numbers
is –1/2 , then the greatest number amongst them is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 16 (B) 27 (C) 7 (D) 21/2
(49)126 1
Sol. 1  49  49 2  ....  49125 
49 –1
((49)63  1)  ((49)63 1)
  k = 63 Ans.
48

66. If the sum of the first 40 terms of the series, 3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + .... is (102)m,
then m is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 10 (B) 25 (C) 5 (D) 20
Sol. Let numbers be a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a +2d

260
It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
 Sum = 25  5a = 25  a = 5
& Product = 2520  (a2 – 4d2) (a2 – d2) (a) = 2520
 (25 – 4d2) (25 – d2) = 504
 4d4 – 125d2 + 121 = 0
 (4d2 – 121) (d 2 – 1) = 0
11
 d = ± 1, d = ±
2
1
d = ± 1, does not give  as a term
2
11
 d
2
 Largest number = 5 + 2d = 5 + 11 = 16 Ans.

9
67. Let a1, a2, a3, ... be a G. P. such that a1 < 0, a1 + a2 = 4 and a3 + a4 =16. If  ai = 4, then  is
i 1
equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
511
(A) 171 (B) (C) –171 (D) –513
3
Sol. 3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 +….40 terms = 102 m
 (3  8  13  18)  (4  9  14  19  ....)  102 m
20termsin A.P. 20termsin A.P.

20 20
  2  3  (19) 5  2  4 19  5  102 m
2 2
 2040 = 102 m  m = 20 Ans.

68. Let X = {n  N : 1  n  }. If A = {n  X : n is a multiple of 2} and B = {n  X : n is a

multiple of 7}, then the number of elements in the smallest subset of X containing both A and
B is _______. [JEE (Main) 2020]

Sol. Let r be the common ratio of G.P.

 a1 + a2 = 4  a1 + a1r = 4 ….(1)
& a3 + a4 = 16  a1r2 + a1r3 = 16 ….(2)
(2)/(1)  r2 = 4  r = ± 2
* for r = 2, a1 = 4/3 > 0 (Reject)
* for r = – 2, a1 = – 4 < 0
9
a(r9  1) 4 ((– 2)9 1)
  ai 
i 1 r 1
–
– 2 –1
 – 4 171

  = – 171 Ans.

261
Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
69. Let f : R  R be such that for all x  R (21 + x + 21 – x), f(x) and (3x + 3–x) are in A.P., then the
minimum value of f(x) is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
Sol. n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)
= 25 + 7 – 3 = 29 Ans.

20
70. The sum  (1  2  3  ......  k) is _____. [JEE (Main) 2020]
k 1

Sol.  21+ x + 21–x , f(x), 3x + 3–x are in A.P.

 2f(x) =  21x  21x   3x  3x
 1   1 
 2  2 x  x    3x  x 
 2   3 
2 2

 2f(x)  4 + 2
 f(x)  3
 Minimum value of f(x)

71. If the 10th term of an A. P. is 1/20 and its 20 th term is 1/10, then the sum of its first 200 terms
is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
1
(A) (B) 100 (C) 50 (D) 100
2
20 20
k(k  1)
Sol.  (1  2  3  ......  k)   2
k 1 k 1

1  20 2  1  20  21  41 20  21 
  k   
2  k 1  2  6 2 
= 1540 Ans.

7
n  n  1 2n  1
72. The sum  , is equal to________. [JEE (Main) 2020]
n 1 4
Sol. Let a be the first term and ‘d’ be the common difference of A.P.
1 1
 T10  a  9d  & T20  a  19d 
20 10
1 1
 on solving, we get, a  & d
200 200
200  1 1  201 1
 S200   2  199     100 Ans.
2  200 200  2 2

262
Believe you can & you are halfway there
1 1 1 1
73. The product 4 16 48 128
2 .4 .8 .16 ....... to  is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1
(A) 24 (B) 2 (C) 22 (D) 1
7
n(n  1) (2n  1) 1 7  3
Sol.    2n  3n 2  n 
n 1 4 4 n 1

1   7 8   7  8 15   7  8 
2
 2     3   
4  2   6   2 
= 504 Ans.

 

74. If x =  (1) n tan2n  and y =
n 0
 cos
n 0
2n
 , for 0 <  
4
, then : [JEE (Main) 2020]

(A) y(1 + x) = 1 (B) x(1 – y) = 1 (C) y(1 – x) = 1 (D) x(1 + y) = 1

Sol. Let S  21/4.41/16.81/48.161/128......

 S  21/4.22/16.23/48.24/128......
 21/4.21/8.81/16.21/32......
1 1 1 1 
    ...... G.P. 
 2 4 8 16 32 

 1 
 4 
 
 2 11/2   21/2 Ans.

100 100
75. Let an be the nth term of a G. P. of positive terms. If  a 2n 1 = 200 and
n 1
a
n 1
2n = 100, then
200

a
n 1
n is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]

(A) 300 (B) 175 (C) 225 (D) 150


Sol. y  cos2n   1  cos 2   cos 4   ....
n 0
1 1
 y 2
 sin 2  
1  cos  y

& x   (–1)n tan 2n   1  tan2   tan4 ......
n 0
1 
 x 2

1  ( tan ) sec2 

263
It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing
 cos 2   x  1  sin 2   x

 1  x
y
 y(1 – x) = 1 Ans.

76. The number of terms common to the two A.P.'s 3,7,11,.....,407 and 2,9,16, ......, 709
is ________. [JEE (Main) 2020]
2
Sol. Let G.P. is a, ar, ar ,….
200
 a 2n 1  200  a3  a5  ....  a 201  200
n 1

ar 2 (r 200 1)
  200 ….(1)
r 2 1
100
 a 2n  100  a 2  a 4  ....  a 200  100
n 1

ar(r 200  1)
  100 ….(2)
r2 1
 from (1) & (2), r = 2
(1) + (2)  a 2  a 3  a 4  ....  a 201  300
 a1r  a1r 2  a1r 3  ....  a1r 200  300
 r(a1  a1r  a1r 2  ....a1r199 )  300
 r(a1  a 2  a 3  ....a 200 )  300
200
300 300
  an  r

2
 150 Ans.
n 1

77. The sum of the first three terms of a G.P. is S and their product is 27. Then all such S lie in :
[JEE (Main) 2020]
(A)  , 9 3,  (B)  3,  
(C)  ,9 (D)  , 3  9, 
Sol. First A.P.  3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27,….(d1 = 4)
Second A.P.  2, 9, 16, 23, 30…. (d2 = 7)
 First common term = 23
common difference = LCM (4, 7) = 21
 Last term  407
 23 + (n – 1) × 28  407
 n  14.71  n = 14 Ans.

264
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
78. If |x| < 1,|y| < 1 and x  y, then the sum to infinity of the following series
(x + y) + (x2 + xy + y2) + (x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3) +.... is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
x  y  xy x  y  xy x  y  xy x  y  xy
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y 
a
Sol. Let 3 numbers in G.P. be , a, ar
r
Product of numbers = 27
 a 3  27  a = 9
a  1
 S   a  ar  3  r    3
r  r
 (–  , –2] [2,  )

 S  (– , – 3]  [9, ) Ans.

79. If the sum of first 11 terms of an A.P., a1, a2, a3, .... is 0() then the sum of the A.P., a 1, a3, a5, ...,
a23 is ka1, where k is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
121 72 72 121
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
10 5 5 10

Sol. Let S  (x  y)  (x 2  xy  y2 )  (x3  x 2y  xy 2  y3 )  ......

1 
(x  y) (x  y)  (x  y)(x  xy  y )  (x  y) (x  x y  xy  y )  ....
2 2 3 2 2 3
 S
(x  y)


1  2
 x  y2    x3  y3    x 4  y4   ....
(x  y) 
1
 (x 2  x3  x 4  ....) – (y 2  y3  y 4  ....)
(x  y)
 G.P.  G.P.

1  x2 y2 
   
(x  y) 1  x 1  y 

1  x 2  x 2 y  y2  xy 2  x  y  xy
   Ans.
(x  y)  (1  x) (1  y)  (1  x) (1  y)
80. Let S be the sum of the first 9 terms of the series :
{x + ka} + {x2 + (k + 2)a} + {x 3 + (k + 4)a} + {x 4 + (k + 6)a} +... where a  0 and a  1.
x10  x  45a(x 1)
If S  , then k is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
x 1
(A) 3 (B) –3 (C) 1 (D) –5
Sol.  Sum of first 11 terms of AP = 0

265
Wake up with determination. Go to bed with satisfaction
11
  2a1  10d   0  a1 + 5d = 0 ….(1)
2
 a1  a 3  a 5  ....  a 23  ka1
12
  2a1  (12 1)  2d   ka1
2
 12[a1 11a]  ka1
 12[– 5d  11d]  k(5d) (from (1))
 72
 k Ans.
5
1 1 1 
The value of  0.16 
log 2.5   2  2 ..........to  
81. 3 3 3  is equal to............... [JEE (Main) 2020]
Sol. S  (x  ka)  (x 2  (k  2)a)  (x3  (k  4)a)  ....9 terms
 (x  x 2  x 3  ....  x 9 )  a[k  (k  4)  ....9 terms]
 (x  x 2  x 3  ....  x 9 )  a[9k  2(1  2  ....  8)]
x(x 9  1)  8  9  x10  x
  a 9k  2    9a(k  8)
x 1  2  x 1
x10  x  9a(k  8) (x  1) x10  x  45a(x 1)
  (given)
(x  1) (x 1)
 9(k + 8) = 45  k = – 3 Ans.

3 1 4
82. If the sum of the series 20  19  19  18  ... upto nth term is 488 and the nth term is
5 5 5
negative, then: [JEE (Main) 2020]
2
(A) n = 60 (B) n = 41 (C) nth term is –4 (D) nth term is 4
5
100 98 96 94
Sol. S     ....n
5 5 5 5
n  100  2 
Sn  2  (n  1)      188
2 5  5 
n(100 – n + 1) = 488 × 5
n2 – 101n + 488 × 5 = 0
n = 61, 40
100 2
Tn  a  (n 1) d    60
5 5
= 20 – 24 = – 4

83. If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are inserted between 3 and
243 such that 4th A.M. is equal to 2nd G.M., then m is equal to___ [JEE (Main) 2020]
Sol. 3, A1, A2,….Am, 243

266
Never will you have this day again , so make it count
243 – 3 240
d 
m 1 m 1
Now 3, G1, G2, G3, 243
243 – 3 240
d 
m 1 m 1
 A4 = G2
 a  4d  ar 2
 240 
34   3(3)
2

 m 1 
m = 39

84. If 1 + (1 – 22.1) + (1 – 42.3) + (1– 62.5) +......+ (1 – 202.19) =  – 220 , then an ordered pair
( ) is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) (10, 97) (B) (11, 103) (C) (11, 97) (D) (10, 103)
Sol. m A.M s are interted.
3m A.M.’ s are inserted.
 3, A1, A2,…., An, 243 are in A.P.
243  3 240
 d 
m 1 m 1
240  4
 A4  3  4d  3  ….(1)
m 1
Again
3G.M.s are interseted
3 243
 3, G1, G2, G3, 243 are in G.P.
1/4
 243 
 r   3
 3 
 G 2  3  (3)2  27 ….(2)
 A4 = G2 (given)
960
 3  27  m = 39 An.
m 1

85. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – 3x + p = 0 and  and  be the roots of x2 – 6x + q = 0. If

    form a geometric progression.Then ratio (2q + p) : (2q – p) is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 33 : 31 (B) 9 : 7 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 5 : 3
10 10
Sol. S  1   1  (2r)2 (2r 1)   1  10 –  (8r 3  4r 2 )
r 1 r 1

267
Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
  10 11 2 10 11  21 
 11  8     4    11  220 103
  2  6 
  = 11,  = 103 Ans.

86. Let a1, a2, ..., an be a given A.P. whose common difference is an integer and S n= a1+ a2+ .... + an.
If a1=1, an=300 and 15  n  50, then the ordered pair (Sn – 4, an – 4) is equal to:
[JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) (2480, 248) (B) (2480, 249) (C) (2490, 249) (D) (2490, 248)
Sol. Let common ration of G.P. be ‘r’ and first term be ‘a’.
  = a,  = ar,  = ar2,  =ar3
 
2 2
x – 3x + p = 0 & x – 6x + q = 0
 
  +  = 3,  = p   +  = 6,  = q
 a + ar = 3 ….(1)  ar2 + ar3 = 6 ….(2)
ar 2 (r  1) 6
(2)/(1)    2  r2 = 2
a(r  1) 3
2q  p 2   2a 2r 5  a 2r 2r 4  1 8  1
    
2q – p 2   2a 2r 5  a 2 r 2r 4  1 8  1
9
 Ans.
7

87. If 2 10 + 29.31 + 28.32 +.....+ 2.39 + 310 = S – 211, then S is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
11
3
(A) 311 (B)  210 (C) 2.311 (D) 311 – 212
2
299
Sol. a n  300  1 + (n – 1)d = 300  d 
n 1
13  23
 d  Ingeter
n 1
 n – 1 = ± 13, ± 23, ± 299, ± 1
 n = 14, – 12, 24, – 22, 300, – 298, 2, 0
But n  [15, 50]  n = 24 ; Put in (1)  d = 13
20
 Sn – 4 = S20 = [2 × 1 + 19 × 13] = 2490
2
&
an –4 a20 = 1 + 19 × 13 = 248
 (Sn 4 , a n 4 )  (2490, 248) Ans.

268
The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
88. If 32 sin2 –1, 14 and 34 – 2 sin2 are the first three terms of an A.P. for some , then the sixth term of
this A.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 65 (B) 81 (C) 78 (D) 66
Sol. Let S1  210  29.31  28.32  ....  2.39  310  G.P.
 (3 / 2)11 1  11  311 
  210     2  11  1 
 (3 / 2) 1  2 
 S1  311  211  S  211 (given)
 S = 311 Ans.

89. If the sum of the second, third and fourth terms of a positive term G.P. is 3 and the sum of its
sixth, seventh and eighth terms is 243, then the sum of the first 50 terms of this G.P. is:
[JEE (Main) 2020]
2 50 1 49 1 50 1 50
(A)
13
 3  1 (B)
26
 3  1 (C)
13
 3  1 (D)
26
 3 1
Sol.  32sin 21.14.342sin 2 are in A.P.

 2 14  32sin 1  342sin 2

Put 32sin 2  t
t 81
 28    t 2  84t  243  0
3 t
 (t – 3) (t – 81) = 0
 t  3,81
 32sin 2  3,34  2 sin 2 = 1, 4
 sin 2 = 1/2
 Terms are 1, 14, 27,…… T6 = 1 + 5 × 13 = 66 Ans.

90. Let a, b, c, d and p be any non zero distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2) = 0. Then: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) a, c, p are in G.P. (B) a, b, c, d are in G.P.
(C) a, b, c, d are in A.P. (D) a, c, p are in A.P.
2
Sol. Let a, ar, ar ,……are in G.P.
T2  T3  T4  3  ar(1 + r + r2) = 3 ….(1)
T6  T7  T8  243  ar5(1 + r + r2) = 243 ….(2)
 From (1) & (2) r = 3 ( r > 0)
1
 a
13

269
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
a(r 50 1) 350 1
 S50   Ans.
(r 1) 26

91. The common difference of the A.P. b1, b2,..... bm is 2 more than the common difference of A.P.
a1, a2, ...an. If a40 =–159, a100= –399 and b100= a70, then b1 is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) –127 (B) 81 (C) 127 (D) –81
Sol. (a 2  b 2  c 2 )p2  2(ab  bc  cd)p  (b2  c2  d 2 )  0
 (ap  b) 2  (bp  c) 2  (cp  d) 2  0
0 0 0
b c d
   p
a b c
b c d
 , , are in G.P. Ans.
a b c

92. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series log 71/2 x  log 71/3 x  log 71/4 x  ... is 460, then x
     
is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 71/2 (B) 72 (C) e2 (D) 746/21
Sol. Let a1  a1  d1  a1  2d1,.... are in A.P.
 a 40  a1  39d  –159 ….(1)
a100  a1  99d  –399 ….(2)
from equation (1) & (2), d = – 4 & a1 = – 3
Now,
b100 = a70  b1 + 99D = a1 + 69d
 b1 + + 99 × (– 2) = – 3 + 69 × (– 4)
{ D = d + 2 (given)}
 b1 = – 81 Ans.

93. If the first term of an A.P. is 3 and the sum of its first 25 terms is equal to the sum of its next
15 terms, then the common difference of this A.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 4 7
y1  y2  y3
3y1  3y2  3y3  y1 y2 y3 1/3
Sol.  3 3 3 3 3
 39/3
3
 3y1  3y2  3y3  81
so, m  log 3 (81)  4
Now, log3x1  log2x2  log 3x3  log3 (x1 :x 2 :x 3 )

270
Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus
x1  x 2  x 3
  (x1  x 2  x 3 )1/3
3
9
 (x1x 2 x 3 )1/3   x1  x2  x3  27
3
 M  log 327  3
 log 2 m3  log 3 M2  log 2 (4)3  log 3 (3) 2  6  2  8 Ans.

94. Let m be the minimum possible value of log 3 3y1  3y2  3y3  , where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers
for which y1 + y2 + y3= 9. Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3 x1 + log3 x2 + log3 x3),
where x1, x2, x 3 are positive real numbers for which x 1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of
log2(m3) + log3(M 2) is____ [JEE Adv. 2020]
Sol. 2(a1 + a2 + ……+ an) = b1 + b2 +……+ bn
n  2n 1 
 2  [2a1  (n  1)  2]  b  
2  2 1 
 n[2c  2n  2]  c(2n  1)
 c(2n  2n 1]  2n 2  2n
2n 2  2n
 c 1 ….(1)
2n  2n  1
 2n(n – 1)  2n – 2n – 1
 2n2 + 1  2n  n  6
Now put n = 1, 2,….6 in (1) and using C  I
we get c = 12, when n = 3
i.e. only one value of c. Ans.

95. Let a1, a2, a3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common
difference 2. Also, let b1, b2, b3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in geometric
progression with common ratio 2. If a 1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of c,
for which the equality 2(a1 + a2 + ....... + an) = b1 + b2 + ........+ bn holds for some positive
integer n, is____ [JEE Adv. 2020]

Sol. Given 2(a1 + a2 +….+ an) = b1 + b2 +….+ bn

n  2n 1 
 2  (2c  (n  2) x 2 )  c  
2  2 1 
 2n2 – 2n = c(2n – 1 – 2n)
2n 2  2n
 c N
2n  1  2n
So, 2n2 – 2n  2n – 1 – 2n

271
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
 2n2 + 1  2n  n < 7
 n can be 1, 2, 3,….,
Checking c against these values of n
we get c = 12 (when n = 3)
Hence number of such c = 1

272
Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”
QUESTION BANK
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]
ba bc
Q.1 If a, b, c are distinct positive real in H.P., then the value of the expression, + is equal to
ba bc
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
ba bc 2ac
Sol. E= + , b= (b2  ac)
ba bc ac

(b 2  bc  ab  ac)  (b 2  bc  ab  ac) 2(b 2  ac) 2( b 2  ac)

E= = 2 = 2
( b  a )(b  c) b  bc  ab  ac b  b(a  c)  ac
2( b 2  ac)
= 2 = 2 Ans.
b  2ac  ac
1 1 1
Q.2 The sum to infinity of the series + + +...... is equal to :
1 1 2 1 2 3
(A) 2 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) none of these
1 1 1
Sol. S= + 1  2 + 1  2  3 +......
1
1 2 1 1 
Tn  = = 2 
1  2  3  4  .........  n n ( n  1)   S = 2
 n n  1
FG  (a  x)IJ = 0 then, which of the following holds good?
Q.3 Given a2 + 2a + cosec2 H2 K
x x
(A) a = 1 ; I (B) a = –1 ; I
2 2
(C) a  R ; x  (D) a , x are finite but not possible to find

FG a  x IJ – 1 = 0
Sol. (a+1)2 + cosec2 H2 2K
(a+1) + cot GH
F a  x IJ = 0
2K
or 2 2
2
from option [B]If a = –1  tan2x/2 = 0  x/2  I

Q.4 Along a road lies an odd number of stones placed at intervals of 10 m. These stones have to be assembled
around the middle stone. A person can carry only one stone at a time. Aman carried out the job starting
with the stone in the middle, carrying stones in succession, therebycovering a distance of 4.8 km. Then
the number of stones is
(A) 15 (B) 29 (C) 31 (D) 35
Sol. Let there be 2n + 1 stones ; i.e. n stones on each side of the middle stone. The man will run 20 m, to pick
pick up the first stone and return, 40 m. for the second stone and so on. So he runs
(n/2) (2 × 20 + (n – 1)20) = 10n(n + 1) meters to pick up the stones on one side, and hence
20 n(n + 1) m , to pick up all the stones.
 20n (n + 1) = 4800 , or n = 15.
 there are 2n + 1 = 31 stones

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Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

Q.5 If S = 12 + 32 + 52 + ....... + (99)2 then the value of the sum 22 + 42 + 62 + ....... + (100)2 is
(A) S + 2550 (B) 2S (C) 4S (D) S + 5050
Sol. Let 2 2 2
S = 1 + 3 + 5 + ....... + (99) 2

and x = 22 + 42 + 62 + ....... + (100)2

 (x – S) = (22 – 12) + (42 – 32) + ....... + (1002 – 992)
= (1 + 2) + (3 + 4) + ........ + (99 + 100) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ...... + 99 + 100
= 5050
 x = S + 5050 Ans.

Q.6 In an A.P. with first term 'a' and the common difference d (a, d  0), the ratio '  ' of the sum of the first
a
n terms to sum of n terms succeeding them does not depend on n. Then the ratio and the ratio '  ',
d
respectively are
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) 2, (C) , (D) ,2
2 4 3 2 3 2
n
[2a  (n  1)d ] (2a  d )  nd
Sol. 2 =
2n n 2[(2a  d)  2nd]  [ 2a  d  nd]
[2a  (2n  1)d ]  [ 2a  n  1 d ]
2 2
nd 1 a 1 1
if 2a = d then ratio = = ;   ; ratio = C
4 nd  nd 3 d 2 3
Q.7 The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the given set {9, 99, 999, ....... 999999999} is a 9 digit
number N, all whose digits are distinct. The number N does not contain the digit
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 9
1
Sol. N= {9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999999999} = 1 + 11 + 111 + .......+1111111111
9
=123456789  (A)

Q.8 If for an A.P. a1 , a2 , a3 ,.... , an ,.... a1 + a3 + a5 = – 12 and a1 a2 a3 = 8,

then the value of a2 + a4 + a6 equals
(A) – 12 (B) – 16 (C) – 18 (D) – 21
Sol. Let the 1st 5 terms of the A.P. are
a – 2d , a – d , a , a + d , a + 2d
now a1 + a3 + a5 = – 12
 3a = – 12  a=–4
also a1. a2. a3 = 8
(a – 2d) ( a – d)a = 8
– 4 (– 4 – 2d) (– 4 – d) = 8  d = – 3
Hence the A.P. is 2 , – 1 , – 4, – 7, – 10, – 13 ,......
Hence a2 + a4 + a6 = – 21
360  
1
Q.9   k  is the ratio of two relative prime positive integers m and n. The value of
k  1  (k  1) k 
k 1 
(m + n) is equal to
(A) 43 (B) 41 (C) 39 (D) 37

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Take your Dreams seriously

1 k 1  k 1 1
Sol. Tk = = = –
k k  1[ k  k  1] k k 1 k k 1
360 
1 1 
 S=    = 1 1 = 1 1 = 18
k 1  k k  1  361 19 19
 m + n = 37 Ans.

Q.10 If x  R, the numbers (51+x + 51  x), a/2, (25x + 25–x) form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )
Sol. 1+x 1  x
5 + 5 , a/2, 25 + 25x –x

a  x 1   x 1 
2   = 5  5  x    25  x 
2  5   25 
amin = 5(2) + 2 = 12
amax =   [12, ) Ans

Q.11 Ifthe sum of the first 11 terms of an arithmetical progression equals that of the first 19 terms, then the sum
of its first 30 terms, is
(A) equal to 0 (B) equal to – 1 (C) equal to 1 (D) non unique

11 19
Sol. [ 2a + 10d ] = [2a + 18d]
2 2
11 · 2 (a + 5d) = 19 · 2 (a + 9d)
11 a + 55 d = 19a + 171d
8a + 116d = 0  2a + 29d = 0
 S30 = 0  (A)

Q.12 Let s1 , s2 , s3 ....... and t1 , t2 , t3 ....... are two arithmetic sequences such that s1 = t1  0; s2 = 2t2 and
10 15 s 2  s1
 si =  t i . Then the value of t 2  t1 is
i 1 i 1
(A) 8/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 19/8 (D) 2
Sol. Given s1 + s2 + s3 + ....... + s10 = t1 + t2 + t3 + ..... + t15
let 1st sequence is
a1, a1 + d1, a1 + 2d1, .........
and 2nd is a1 , a1 + d2 , a1 + 2d2, ....... (since s1 = t1)
given s2 = 2t2
 a1 + d1 = 2(a1 + d2)
 a1 = d1 – 2d 2 ....(1)
s 2  s1 d1
we have to find t  t = d = ?
2 1 2

10 15
now [2a1 + 9d1] = [2a1 + 14d 2]
2 2
this gives a1 = 9d1 – 21d 2 ....(2)

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Do something today that your future self will thank you for
19 d1
from (1) and (2) d2 = Ans.
8
Q.13 Let an, n  N is an A.P. with common difference 'd' and all whose terms are non-zero. If n approaches
1 1 1
infinity, then the sum   ......  will approach
a 1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1
1 2 1
(A) a d (B) a d (C) 2a d (D) a1d
1 1 1

1  a 2  a1 a 3  a 2 a a 
Sol.    ........  n 1 n 
d  a1a 2 a 2a 3 a n . a n 1 

11 1 1 1 1 1  11 1 
= d  a  a  a  a  ........  a  a  =   
 1 2 2 3 n n 1  d  a1 a n 1 

1  a n 1  a1  1  a1  nd  a  n 1
=   =   = a [a  nd ] =
d  (a1 )(a n 1 )  d  (a1 )(a n 1 )  1 1 a 
a1  1  d 
n 
1
 as n   then S = Ans.
a1d

Q.14 The sum of the first three terms of an increasing G.P. is 21 and the sum of their squares is 189. Then the
sum of its first n terms is
 1   1 
(A) 3 (2n – 1) (B) 12 1  n  (C) 6 1  n  (D) 6 (2n – 1)
 2   2 
a
Sol. , a, ar
r
1
where a = 6 and r = 2 (r = is rejected)
2
Hence the G.P. is 3, 6, 12,.........  (A) ]


 n 
Q.15 The sum   n 4  4  is equal to
n 1
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 3/8 (D) 1/2
n n n
Sol. Tn = 4 22 = 2 2 2 =
( n  4 n  4)  4 n ( n  2)  ( 2n ) (n  2  2n )(n 2  2  2n )
2

1  ( n 2  2  2 n )  ( n 2  2 n  2)  1  1 1 
Tn = 4  2 2  =  2
 2 
 (n  2  2n )(n  2n  2)  4  ( n  1)  1 (n  1)  1

3
Sn =  Tn =
8
Ans.
n 1

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Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
Q.16  
If a  1 and ln a2 + (ln a2)2 + (ln a2)3 + ..... = 3 ln a  (ln a ) 2  (ln a ) 3  (ln a ) 4  ....... then 'a' is equal to
(A) e1/5 (B) e (C) 3
e (D) 4 e

ln a 2 3 ln a 2 ln a 3 ln a
2 2
Sol.
1  ln a 2 = 1  ln a  1  2 ln a 1  ln a  2(ln a) – 2(ln a) = 3 ln a – 6(ln a)
=

1
 4(ln a)2 – ln a = 0  ln a = 0 or . Thus, a = 1, e1/4
4

1 1. 3 1. 3. 5 1. 3. 5. 7
Q.17     ................ is equal to
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
4 3 2
1.3.5.........(2n  1)
Sol. Tn = [2n + 2) – (2n + 1)]
2.4.6............2n (2n  2)
1.3.5.........(2n  1) 1.3.5.........(2n  1)(2n  1)
Tn = –
2.4.6............2n 2.4.6............2n ( 2n  2)

1 1.3.5.........(2n  1) 1
 Sn =  Tn = – Note that S =
2 2.4.6............2n (2n  2) 2
100
k
Q.18 The sum  k 4  k 2  1 is equal to
k 1

4950 5050 5151

(A) (B) (C) (D) none
10101 10101 10101
k k
Sol. Tk = 2 2 2 =
(k  1)  k (k  1  k )(k 2  1  k )
2

1  (k 2  1  k )  ( k 2  1  k )  1  1 1 
 
=
2  ( k 2  1  k )(k 2  1  k )  = 2  k 2  1  k  k 2  1  k 
   

1 n 1 1 
S = 2   2  2 

 k 1 k  1  k k  1  k 
1 1 1 
=   
2 1 3 
11 1 
+   
23 7 
 
1 1 1 
+  2  2 
2  n 1 n n 1 n 

277

The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”

2
1 1  1  n  1  n  1  n (n  1) 5050
Sn =  1  2  =  2  = 2 ; put n = 100 to get Ans.
2  n  1  n  2  n  1  n  2( n  n  1) 10101

Q.19 A circle of radius r is inscribed in a square. The mid points of sides of the square have been connected by
line segment and a new square resulted. The sides of the resulting square were also connected by
segments so that a new square was obtained and so on, then the radius of the circle inscribed in the nth
square is
 1 n   3 3 n   n    53n 
(A) 2  r (B) 2 r (C) 2  r (D) 2 r
2 2 2 2
       
Sol. Side of square S1 = 2r
side of square S2= r 2 (a2 + a2 = 4r2  a = r 2 )
2 1 2 1
2r  1   1 
=   = 2r  
2  2  2
31 2
 1   1 
side of square S3 = 2r   = 2r  
 2  2
and so on ,
n 1
 1 
n 1  1   1 n 
 2  2 
side of square Sn = 2r  ;  radius =  2 
r = 2 
r
 2    
and so on,
 1 n 
 2 
side of square Sn = r 2  = 2 
r
1 / 2 n 1
 
Q.20 If abcd = 1 where a, b, c, d are positive reals then the minimum value of
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd is
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 20
Sol. Use AM  GM between the given 10 numbers i.e. a2, b2, c2, d2, ab, ac, ad, bc, bd, and cd

Q.21 A sequence of equilateral triangles is drawn. The altitude of each is 3 times the altitude ofthe preceding
triangle, the difference between the area of the first triangle and the sixth triangle is 968 3 square unit.
The perimeter of the first triangle is
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18
Sol. st
Let the altitude of the 1  = h
altitude of 2nd  = 3 h
3rd  = 3h etc.
2h
now side of the 1st  is 'a' =
3
2
 a2 = · 3 h = 2h
3

278

Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me

a3 = 2 3 h
|||ly a6 = 18h
3 3 4h 2
now ·(18h ) 2  · = 968 3
4 4 3
h2 242 h 2
81 h2 – = 968  = 968  h2 = 12  h= 2 3
3 3
2
 a= ·2 3 = 4
3
perimeter = 12 Ans.

Q.22 If a, b and c are three consecutive positive terms of a G.P. then the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c is
(A) a curve that intersects the x-axis at two distinct points.
(B) entirely below the x-axis.
(C) entirely above the x-axis.
(D) tangent to the x-axis.
Sol. Given b2 = ac
D = b2 – 4ac = b2 – 4b2 = – 3b2 < 0 also a > 0  (C)
n
 k2
Q.23 For which positive integers n is the ratio, k 1 an integer?
n
k
k 1

(A) odd n only (B) even n only

(C) n = 1 + 6k only, where k  0 and k  I (D) n = 1 + 3k, integer k  0
n (n  1)(2n  1) ·2
Sol. 6 ·n (n  1) must be an integer

2n  1
must be an integer  (2n + 1) is divisible by 3
3
 n  1, 4, 7, 10, ......., n is of the form of (3k + 1), k  0, k  I]

[REASONING TYPE]
1 1 1
Q.24 Statement-1: If 27 abc  (a + b + c)3 and 3a + 4b + 5c = 12 then 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 ; where a,
a b c
b, c are positive real numbers.
Statement-2: For positive real numbers A.M.  G.M.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

279

Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

abc
[Sol. Given (abc)1/3   a = b = c (GM  AM which is possible only if GM = AM)
3
 3a + 4b + 5c = 12  a = b = c = 1
1 1 1
 2 + 3 + 5 = 3
a b c

Q.25 Statement-1: The difference between the sum of the first 100 even natural numbers and the sum of the
first 100 odd natural numbers is 100.
because
Statement-2: The difference between the sum of the first n even natural numbers and sum of the first
n odd natural numbers is n.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Sol. Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.

[COMPREH ENSION TYPE]

Paragraph for Question Nos. 26 to 28
Let a m (m = 1, 2, .......,p) be the possible integral values of a for which the graphs of
f (x) = ax2 + 2bx + b and g (x) = 5x2 – 3bx – a meets at some point for all real values of b.
p n
Let tr =  (r  a m ) and Sn =  t r , n  N.
m 1 r 1
Q.26 The minimum possible value of a is
1 5 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 26 38 43
Q.27 The sum of values of n for which Sn vanishes is
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15

1
Q.28 The value of  is equal to
r 5 t r
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 15 18
Sol. 2 2
ax + 2bx + b = 5x – 3bx – a
 (a – 5)x2 + 5bx + (b + a) = 0
If a  5, then since x  R
D = 25b2 – 4(b + a) (a – 5)  0  b  R
 25b2 – 4(a – 5)b – 4a(a – 5)  0  b  R
 16(a – 5)2 + 16(25) a(a – 5)  0
 16(a – 5) (a – 5 + 25a)  0  (a – 5) (26a – 5)  0
5 
 a   , 5
 26 
If a = 5,
5bx + (b + 5) = 0
not satisfied for b = 0

280

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

 am  {1, 2, 3, 4}
tr = (r – 1) (r – 2) (r – 3) (r – 4)
n
1
Sn =
5
 (r – 4) (r – 3) (r – 2) (r – 1) r  (r  5) 
r 1

n
1
=
5
 ((r – 4)(r – 3)(r – 2)(r – 1) r – (r – 5)(r – 4)(r – 3)(r – 2)(r – 1))
r 1

1
= n(n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3)(n – 4)
5
Sn = 0  n = 1, 2, 3, 4 n = 0 (rejected)
n
1 1 Lim ( r  1)  (r  4)
t =
3 n 
 (r  4)(r  3)(r  2)(r  1)
r r 5

n
1 Lim  1 1 
=
3 n 
  (r  4)(r  3)(r  2)  (r  3)(r  2)(r  1) 
r 5  

Lim 1  1  1  1
= n    = Ans.
3  6 ( n  3)(n  2)(n  1)  18

[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.29 Let a1, a2, a3 ....... and b1, b2, b3 ...... be arithmetic progressions such that a1 = 25, b1 = 75 and
a100 + b100 = 100. Then
(A) the difference between successive termsin progression 'a'is opposite of the difference in progression 'b'.
(B) an + bn = 100 for any n.
(C) (a1 + b1), (a2 + b2), (a3 + b3), ....... are in A.P.
100
(D)  (a r  b r ) = 10000
r 1
Sol. a1 + (a1 + d), (a1 + 2d), .........
b1 + (b1 + d1), (b1 + 2d1), .........
hence a100 = a1 + 99d
b100 = b1 + 99d1
add ———————
a100 + b100 = 100 + 99(d + d1)
hence d + d1 = 0  d = – d1  (A)
(B) and (C) are obviously true.
100
100 100  200 n
 (a r  b r ) = 2
[(a1 + b1) + (a100 + b100)] =
2
= 104  (D) (using Sn = (a  d ) )
2
r 1

281

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y
Q.30 If sin(x  y), sin x and sin (x + y) are in H.P., then sin x. sec =
2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) – 2

2 sin (x  y) sin (x  y) 2 (sin 2 x  sin 2 y)

Sol. sin x = =
sin (x  y)  sin (x  y) 2 sin x cos y
sin2 x cos y = sin2 x  sin2 y sin2 x (1  cos y) = sin2 y
y y y y y
sin2 x · 2 sin2 = 4 sin2 cos2 ; sin2 x sec2 =2 sin x sec =± 2
2 2 2 2 2
Q.31 The sum of the first three terms of the G.P. in which the difference between the second and the first term
is 6 and the difference between the fourth and the third term is 54, is
(A) 39 (B)  10.5 (C) 27 (D)  27
Sol. 2
a, ar, ar ,ar 3

ar – a  6  a(r–1) = 6 ....(1)
2 2 2
ar –ar = 54  ar (r–1) = 54 ....(2)
(2)/(1)  r2 = 9 or r =  3
when r = 3 and a =3 when r = –3 and a = –3/2
a , ar , ar2 a , ar , ar2
3 , 9 , 27  sum = 39 sum = –3/2(1–3+9) = –21/2 = –10.5
Q.32 3 2
If the roots of the equation, x + px + qx – 1 = 0 form an increasing G.P. where p and q are real, then
(A) p + q = 0 (B) p  (– 3, )
one root is smaller than 1
(C) one of the roots is unity (D) and one root is greater than 1.
Sol. roots are a/r , a, ar : where a >0 , r > 1]
Now a/r + a + ar = –p ....(1)
a.a/r + a. ar + ar. a/r = q ....(2)
a/r. a. ar = 1 ....(3)
a3 = 1  a = 1  (C) is correct
from (1) putting a = 1 we get
1/r + 1 + r = – p ....(4)
2
 1 
 r   3  p  – p > 3  p < – 3  (B) is not correct
 r
from (2) putting a = 1 we get
1/r + r + 1 = q ....(5)
from (4) and (5) we have – p = q  p+q=0  (A) is correct
Now as , r > 1
a/r = 1/r < 1
and ar = r > 1  (D) is correct
Q.33 If the triplets log a, log b, log c and (log a – log 2b), (log 2b – log 3c), (log 3c – log a) are in arithmetic
progression then
(A) 18(a + b + c)2 = 18(a2 + b2 + c2) + ab (B) a, b, c are in G.P.
(C) a, 2b, 3c are in H.P. (D) a, b, c can be the lengths of the sides of a triangle
(Assume all logarithmic terms to be defined)
[Sol. log a, log b, log c are in A.P.
 2 log b = log a + log c
 b2 = ac ....(1)
 a, b, c are in G.P.  (B)

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You are so close to victory, Don’t give up

also given (log a – log 2b), (log 2b – log 3c), (log 3c – log a) are in A.P.
 2(log 2b – log 3c) = log 3c – log 2b
 3 log 2b = 3 log 3c
 2b = 3c ....(2)  4b2 = 9c2 ....(3)
from (1) and (3)
9c 3c
4ac = 9c2  a= and b =
4 2
9c 3c
a= ; b= and c = c
4 2
 a, b, c forms the sides of triangle  (D)
a + b > c; b+c>a; c+a>b
but a, 2b and 3c are not in H.P.
|||ly verify (A) ]

Q.34 x1, x2 are the roots of the equation x2 – 3x + A = 0; x3 , x4 are roots of the equation
x2 – 12x + B = 0, such that x1, x2, x3, x4 form an increasing G.P., then
(A) A = 2 (B) B = 32 (C) x1 + x3 = 5 (D) x2 + x4 = 10
Sol. x1 + x 2 = 3 x3 + x4 = 12
x1x2 = A x3x4 = B
let x1 = a x2 = ar x3 = ar2 , x4 = ar3
a + ar = 3 ar2 (1 + r) = 12
a2 r = A r2 (3) = 12
1, 2, 4, 8 r2 = 4
A=2 x1 + x 3 = 4 r=2 a=1
B = 32 x2 + x4 = 10

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It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE

PROGRESSION AND SERIES
(ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION)

Single Correct Answer Type

DPP 4.1
1. If 3x – 2ax + (a +2b +2c ) = 2 (ab + bc) , then a,b,c can be in
2 2 2 2

(A) A.P (B)G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these

Sol. (A) The given result can be written as
{x – a–b)}2 + {x – b – c)}2 + (x–c)2 = 0
 x = a –b x=b–c x= c
a–b=b–c =c
From a – b = b – c, 2b = a + c
 (y – x) = 3 (x – z)
 a,b,c can be in A.P

1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3
2. If x = 2
 2  2  ..., y  2  2  2  2  ... and z = 2  2  2  2  ... then
1 3 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

y x z y x z
(A) x,y,z are in A.P (B) , , are in A.P (C) , , are in A.P (D) 6y, 3x, 2x are in H.P
6 3 2 6 3 2

 1 1 1 
Sol. (B) y – x = 3  2  2  2  ... 
2 4 6 

 1 1 1 
x – z =  2  2  2  ... 
 2 4 6 
 (y – x) = 3 ( x–z)

x y z
 4x = y + 3z  2  
3 6 2

1 b b c
3. For a,b,c  R – {0}, let , b, are in A.P. If   are the roots of the quadratic equation 2ac x2 + 2abc x + (a+c) = 0 . then
1  ab 1  bc
the value of (1 + ) (1+) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) 2

a b bc
Sol. (B) Given , b, are in A.P
1  ab 1  bc

ab bc
 b  b
1  ab 1  bc

a  b2  1 c  b2  1
 
1  ab 1  bc
 a + c = 2abc
Now, given quadratic equation is
2ac x2 + 2abc x + 2abc = 0

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Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
(Substitutin a + c = 2abc and then cancelling 2ac)
 x2 + bx + b = x
89

4. a1 ,a2,a3 , ... a87, a88,,a89 are the arithmetic means between 1 and 89 , then  log
r 1
(tan (ar)°_ is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) log23 (D) log 5

Sol. (A) As 1, a1,a2,a3, ... a87,a88,a89,89 are in A.P.,
So a1 +a89 = a2 + +a88 = .... = 1 + 89 = 90
89

  log (tan a )°
r 1
r

= log (tan a1°. tan a2°... tan a88° tan a89°)

= log 1 = 0
5. Let a1,a2, .... be arithmetic progression such that a1 = 25,
b1 = = 75 and a100 + b 100 = 100, then the sum of first hundred term of the progression a1 +b1, a2 +b2, ... is equal to
(A) 1000 (B) 100000 (C) 10000 (D) 24000
Sol. (C) (a100 +b100) – (a1+b1) = 99  d = 0
 Sum of series = (100/2) (a100 + b100+ a1 + b1)
= 50 (100 + 100)
= 10000
6. The sum of 25 terms of an A.P., whose all the terms are natural numbers, lies between 1900 and 2000 ant its 9th term is 55. Then
the first term of the A.P is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
Sol. (C) Let the first term be a and the common difference d,
Then it is given that a + 8d = 55 and (1)

25
1900 > (2a + 24d) < 2000
2
 1900 < 25 (a + 12d) < 2000
 1900 < 25 )a+8d) + 25 × 4d < 2000

525 625
 d
100 100
 d = 6 as d is an integer
 a = 55 – 8 × 6 = 7

 l  p  (4p  m  5l)
7. If the first, fifth and last terms of an A.P. is L,m.p, respectively, and sum of the A.P. is then k is
k(m  l)

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Sol. (A) Let common difference = d and nuber of terms = n
 T5 = m = l + 4d  d = (m –l) l 4

(n  1)(m  1)
 Tn = p = l +
4

 4p  m  5l 
 n =  
 ml 

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Believe you can & you are halfway there
n
 Sum of n terms of A.P. =
2
[First term + Last term]

 4p  m  5l  1
=  . [l  p] (1)
 ml  2
Comparing equation (i) with the given summation, we get k = 2
8. If a1,a2 a3,...a15 are in A.P. and a1 + a8 +a15 = 15, then a2 + a3 + a8+a13+a14 is equal to
(A) 25 (B) 35 (C) 10 (D) 15
Sol. (A) Given A.P is a1,a 2,a3 , ..... a15
a1 +a15 = a2 + a 14 = ..... = 2a8

3
a1 + a15 + a8 = (a +a ) = 15
2 1 15
 a 1 + a15 = 10
a2 + a3 + a8 +a13+ a14 = 2 (a1 + a15) + a8
= 2 (10) + = 25
9. If a1, a2,a3 ,... are in A.P. and ai > 0 for each i. then
n
n
a
i 1
2/ 3
a a 1/ 3 1/ 3
 a i2 / 3 is equal to
i 1 i 1 i

n n 1 n 1
(A) a 2 / 3  a1/ 3  a 2 / 3 (B) a 2 / 3  a1/ 3  a 2 / 3 (C) a 2 / 3  a1/ 3  a 2 / 3  a 2 / 3 (D) None of these
i 1 i 1 i n n i n n i 1

Sol. (C) Let d be common difference of A.P  d = ai –ai–1

1 a ia/13  a1/i 3
Now 
a i2/13  a 1/i 13  a i2 / 3  a12 / 3 a i 1  a i

1 1/ 3 1/ 3
=  a i 1  a i 
d

n
n 1 n 1 1/ 3 1/ 3
Thus a 2/3 1/ 3 2 / 3
   a i1  a i 
d i 1
i 1 i 1  a i 1 .a i

1 1/ 3 1 / 3
=
d
 a n  a1 

1 (a n  a1 )
= d a n  a1/n 3 .a1/1 3  a12 / 3
2/3

(n  1)
= a 2 / 3  a1/ 3 .a1/ 3  a 2 / 3
n n 1 1

10. Between the numbers 2 and 20,8 means are inserted. Then their sum is
(A) 88 (B) 44 (C) 176 (D) None of these
Sol. (A) a, A1,A2, ... An, b are in A.P.
where a = 2, b = 20, n = 8

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n 8
 Sum of the means =  a  b   (2  20)  88
2 2

1 1 1
11. Let a1, a2,a3, ..., a4001 is an A.P. such that   ....  = 10 and a2 + a400 = 50. Then |a1 –a4001| is equal to
a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a 4000  a 4001

(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) None of these

a 2  a1 a 3  a 2 a 4001  a 4000
Sol (B) a a  a a  ....  a a  10d
1 2 2 3 4001 4000

1 1
   10d
a1 a 4001

4000d
  10d
a1a 4001

 a1a4001 = 400
also a1 + +a4001 = 50
 |a1 – a4001|2 = 2500 – 1600
 |a1 – a4001| = 30

12. An A.P. consist of even number of terms 2n having middle terms equal to 1 and 7 respectively. if n is the maximum value which
satisfy t1t2n + 713  , then the value of the first term of the series is
(A) 17 (B) – 15 (C) 21 (D) – 23
Sol. (D) Given mid terms tn =1 and tn+1 = 7
 In + tn+1 = 8 = t1 + t2n
and tn+1 –tn =6 = d (common difference of A.P)
tn + t n+1 = 8
 a + (n –1)d + a + a+ nd = 8
 a + 6n = 7
Now 4t1t2n = [(t1 + t2n)2 – (t2n –t1)2]
= 64 – 36 (2n–1)2 [as t2n –t1 = (2n –1) ×6]
 t1t2n = 16 –9 (2n –1) 2

 16 –9 (2n –1)2 + 713  0

 –4 n5
 n=5
Hence , from a + 6n = 7, a = –23
13. If the sum of the first 100 terms of an AP is –1 and the sum of even terms lying in first 100 terms is1, then which of the following
is not true?

3 149
(A) Common difference of the sequence is (B) First term sequence is
50 50

74
(C) 100th term = (D) None of these
25

100
Sol. (D) x1 + x2 +x3 +....+ x100 = (x1 + x100) = – 1
2

287
You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
50
 x1 + x 100 = –
2

50
x2 + x4 + ....+ x 100 = (x + c + x100) = 1
2 1

1
 x1 + x100 + d =
25

3
 d=
50

1
x1 + x1 + 99 d =
50

149
 x1 =
50
x100 = x1 + 999d

149 3
= + 99 ×
50 50

74
=
25

14. Given the sequence of numbers x1,x2,x3,x4, .... x2005.

x1 x2 x3 x 2005
   ..... 
x1  1 x 2  3 x 3  5 x 2005  4009 , the nature of the sequence is

(A) A.P (B)G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these

Sol. (A) Given

x1 x2 x3 x 2005
   ....    (say)
x1  1 x 2  3 x 3  5 x 2005  4009

 3 5
 x1 = ,x = ,x = , ....
1  2 1  3 1 
Hence x1, x2, x3,.... x2005 are in arithmetic progression.

288
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Single Correct Answer Type

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
DPP 4.2
 bx  cy  bx  cy 
1. If b –c, bx – cy , bx2 –cy2 (b,c  0) are in G.P, then the valule of    is
 b  c  b  c 
(A) x2 (B) –x2 (C) 2y2 (D) 3y2
Sol. (A) (bx – cy) = (b –c) (bx –cy )
2 2 2

b2x2 + c2y2 – 2bcxy = 0

b (x –y)2 = 0 ( b, c  0 )

 bx  cy  bx  cy  2
   =x
 b  c  b  c 
2. If a1,a2,a3, ... are in G.P., where ai  C (where C stands for set of complex numbers) having r as common ration such that
n n

 a k 1   a
k 1
2
k 1
2k  3  0 , then the number of possibel values of r is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Sol. (C) We have a1 +a3 +a5 + ....+ a2n–1
= a5 +a7 + a9 + ...+ a2n+3
= r4 (a1 +a3 +....+ a2n+1)
 r4 = 1
 r = 1, – 1, i and –i.
3. If a,b,c are real numbers forming an A.P. and 3+a, 2+ b, 3 + c are inG.P., then minimum value of ac is
(A) –4 (B) – 6 (C) 3 (D) None of these
Sol. (b)  (2 +b)2 = (3 + a) (3 + c)
 4 + b2 + 4b = 9 + 3 (a + c) + ac
 ac = b2 +4b = 9 + 6b + ac
 ac = b2 – 2b – 5 = (b – 1)2 – 6
 ac  – 6
4. a,b,c,d are in increasing G.P. If the AM between a and b is 6 and the AM between c and d is 54, then the AM of a and d is
(A) 5 (B) 48 (C) 44 (D) 42
Sol. Let r is the common ration

a  ar ar 2  ar 3
 = 6 and = 54
2 2
 r2 = 9  r =  3  r = 3 ( r  –3)

a  ar 3
When r = 3, a= 3, Am of a and d = = 42
2
5. The numbers a,b,c are in A.P and a + b +c = 60. Tjhe numbers (a–2), b (c+3_ are in G.P. Thne which of the following is not the
possible value of a2+b2+c2 ?
(A) 1208 (B) 1218 (C) 1298 (D) None of these
Sol. (B) a + b +c = 60 and 2 b = a + c
 b = 20
 c = 40 –a
 a – 2,20,43 – a are in G.P

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Never will you have this day again , so make it count
 (a –2) (43–a) = 400
 a = 27 or 18
If a = 27 then b = 20 c = 13
If a = 18, then b = 20, c = 22
6. a,b,c are positive integers forming an increasing G.P and b–a is a perfect cube and log6a + log6 b + log6 c = 6 , then a + b +c =

(A) 100 (B) 111 (C) 122 (D) 189

Sol. (D) log6 (abc) = 6.
 (abc) = 66

b
Let a = and c = br
r

36
 b = 36 and a =  r = 2,3,4,6,9,12,18
r

 1
Also 36 1   is a perfect cube
 r
 r=4
 a + b +c = 9 + 36 + 144 = 189.
7. The first three terms of a geometric sequence are x,y, z and these have the sum equal to 42. If the middle term y is multipled by 5/
5y
4 . the numbers x, ,z now form an an arithmetic sequence. The largest possible value of x is
4
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 20
Sol. (C) The three terms of the geometric sequence with the common ratio r are x,xr, xr2.
 x + xr + xr 2 = 42
After multiplying the middle term by 5/4, we will get an arithmetic sequence.

5 5
 xr  x  xr 2  xr
4 4

1
 2r2 –5r +2 = 0 r= and r = 2
2
On substituting these in x + xr + xr2 = 42, we get
x = 6 or 24
8. An infinite G.P. has 2nd term x and its sum is 4. Then x belongs to
(A) (0,2] (B) (1,8) (C) (–8,1] (D) none of these

x
Sol.(C) Sum = r  4 (where r is common ration)
1 r
x = 4r ( 1 –r )
= 4 ( r–r2)
For r  (–1,1)

 1
r– r2   2, 
 4

 x  (–8,1)

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Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up
9. In a GP ,the ratio of the sum of the first eleven terms to the sum of the last even terms is 1/8 and the ratio fo the sum of all the terms
without the first nine to the sum of all the terms without the last nine is 2. Then the number of terms in the GP is
(A) 40 (B) 38 (C) 36 (D) 34
Sol. (B) Let G.P. be a , ar, ar3 , arn–1

a 1  r11 
S11 =
1 r

S'11 (from last ) = ar n–11

1  r 
11

1 r

S11 1
 
S11 r n 11

1 1
Given 
r n 11 8
 r n–11 = 8

Also for ar9 ... arn–1 , S= ar9.

1  r n 9

1 r
and S (sum of all the terms without the last nine)

a.(1  r n  9 )
=
1 r

S 9
Now r  2(given)
S,

 rn–11 = 23 = (r9)3
 n = 38

Comprehension Type

For Q. 10 and 11
The 1st ,2nd 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a,b and a2 where a is negative. The 1st . 2 nd and 3rd terms of a geometric series are
a,a2 and b, respectively.
10. The sum of infinite geometric series is

1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2 3
11. The sum of the 40 terms of the arithmetic series is

545 575
(A) (B) 220 (C) 250 (D)
2 2
10. (C) 11. (A)
a,b,a2, .... is an A.P
 2n = a2 + a (i)
a,a2,b .... is a G.P
 a3 = b (ii)
 a + a = 2a
2 3

291
The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
 a = 0, a = 1 or a = –1/2
 a = – 1/2 (as a < 0)

1
 b= 
8

1 1
In G.P. putting a =  and b = 
2 8

1 1 1
 G.O is  , ,  ....
2 4 8

 1
a   1
2
  
1 r  1  3
 4 
Sum of infinite G.P= 1 
1 
 
 2 

n
Sum of 40 terms of A.P = [2a+(n–1) d]
2

40   1   1 1 
=  2     40  1      
2   2   8 2 

 3
= 20  1  39  
 8

545
=
2
Let ABCD is a unit square and each side of the square is divided in the ration  (1–) (0 <  < 1) . These points are connected
to obtain another square. The sides of new square square are divided in the ration  : (1– ) and points are joined to obtain
another square. The process in continued indefinitely. Let an denote the length of side and An the area of the nth square

A 1-  B
 1-
1-

D  1- C

1 1
12. If   , then the least value of n for which An is
3 10
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

8
13. The value of  for which A
n 1
n 
3
is / are

1 2 1 3 1 4 1
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D)
3 3 4 4 5 5 2

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Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet
14. The value of  for which side of nth square equal to the diagonal of (n+1)th square is

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 2 2
Sol. (B), 13.(B) 14. (C)

A 1-  B
Clearly from the diagram,
 1-
a1 = 1
(an+1)2 = [(1–)2 + 2 ] (an)2  A n +1 = [22 – 2 +1]An 1-

1 5 D  1- C
For    (an+1)2 = (an)2
3 5

A n 1 5
 
An 9

2
5 5
 A2 = , A3 =   ,....
9 9

n 1
5
 An =  
9

n 1
1 5 1
An <   
10 9 10

 Least value of n is 5.

8
A
n 1
n
3

1 8
 1  2 2  2x  1  3
 
 16  – 12 – 4x +3 = 0
 16  –12 – 4 + 3 = 0
 (4 – 1) (4 – 3) = 0

1 3
 = ,
4 4
The side of nth square equal to the diagonal of (n+1)th square.

 2a n  a n 1

 a n 1 
2
1
 
an 
2
2

 42 – 4 + 1 = 0
  = 1 /2

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Single Correct Answer Type

Harmonic Progression and Relation Between Means

DPP 4.3
1. The number of ordered pairs (x,y), where x,y  N for which 4, x,y are in H.P ., is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Sol. (C) 4 x,y are in H.P

2 1 1
 
x 4 y

2 1 1
  
x 4 y

8x 1
 
4x y

4x 4 8   8  x  32
 y=   4
8x 8x 8 x
8 – x must be a factor of 32
8 – x = 1  x = 7, y = 28
8 – x = 2  x = 6, y = 12
8 – x = 4  x = 4, y = 4
8 – x = 8  x = 0, y = 0 (Not possible)
 Number of ordered pairs of (x,y) is 3

2. If a + c, a + b, b +c are in G.P and a,c,b are in H.P , where a,b,c > 0 , then the value of e is

3
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) (D) 4
2
Sol. (B) a +c, a+b, a+c are in G.P
 (a + b)2 = (a + c) (b +c)
(a + b)2 = ab + c (a + b) + c2 (1)
a,c,b are in H.P

2ab
 c= (2)
ab
From (1) and (2)

3
(a+b)2 = c (a+b) + c2
2
 2( a + b)2 – 3c (a + b) – 2c2 = 0

c
 a+b= ( rejected)
2
or a + b = 2c

ab
 2
c

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3. If a,b,c are In H.P., b,c,d are in G.P. and c,d,e are in A.P., then the value of e is

ab 2 a2b a 2 b2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
 2a  b   2a  b   2a  b 
2 2 2

2ac
Sol. (A) a,b,c are in H.P  b= (i)
a c
b,c,d are in G.P  c2 = bd (ii)

ce
c,d,e are in A.P.  d = (iii)
2
From (i) ab + bc = 2ac

ab
 c= (iv)
2a  b
From (iii) and (iv)

1  ab 
d= e (v)
2  2a  b 

From (ii), (iv) adn (v)

a 2 b2 b  ab 
   e
 2a  b 
2
2  2a  b 

ab 2
 e=
 2a  b 
2

4. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P, then logex e, logex e, log ez e are in
(A) A.P (B) H.P
(C)G.P (D) None of these
Sol (B) Let x = e, y = e , z = e
2 3

 Given terms are log e2 e, loge3 loge4 e

1 1 1
or , , which are in H.P
2 3 4
5. If x,y,z are in G.P. (x,y,z > 1), then

1 1 1
, ,
2x  log e x 4x  log e y 6x  log e z are in

(A) A.P (B)G.P

(C) H.P (D) none of these
Sol. (C) AS x,y,z are in G.P
 e2x x, e4x, e6x z are in G.P
 loge (e2xx), loge (e4xy), loge (e6xz) are in .A.P

1 1 1
 , ,
2x  log e x 4x  log e y 6x  loge z are in H.P

6. The arithmetic mean of two positive numbers is 6 and their geometric mean G and harmonic mean H satisfy the ralation G2 +3H
= 48. Then the product of the two numbers is
(A) 24 (B) 32 (C) 48 (D) 54

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Sol. (B) a + b = 12

6ab
ab + = 48
ab

ab
 ab + = 48
2
 ab = 32
7. If x,y,z be three numbers in G.P. such that 4 is the A.M, between x and y and 9 is the H.M. between y and z, then y is

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 12

k
Sol (B) Let x = , y = k, z = kr
r

k
k
 r 4 (i)
r

2k..kr
and 9 (ii)
k  kr
Solving we get k = 6

1 1 1 1 
8. If harmonic mean of , , ,... , is 10 then =
2 2 2 23 210 2 1
(A) 10.210 (B) 5 (C) 5.210 (D) 10

1 1 1 1
Sol. (b) Given quantities are , , ,... ,
2 2 2 23 210

10
H.M =
2  2  23  ...  210
2

10 2

= 2  2  1 210  1
10

2 1

  =5
9. An aeroplane flys around squares whose all sides are of length 100 miles. If the aerophane covers at a speed of 100 mph the first
side, 200 mph the second side 300 mph the third side and 400 mph the fourth side, The average speed of aeroplane around the
square is
(A) 190 mph (B) 195 mph (C) 192 mph (D) 200 mph
Sol. (C) Average speed = H.M

4
1 1 1 1
   = 192
100 200 300 400

Multiple Correct Answer Type

10. Let a,x, b be in A.P : a,y,b be in G.P and z,z,b be in H.P if x = y + 2 and a = 5z, then
(A) y = xz
2
(B) x > y > z (C) a = 9, b = 1 (D) a= 1/ 4, b = 9/4

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Sol. (a,b,c)
2x = a + b
y2 = ab

2ab
z=
ab
x=y+2
and a = 5z
x=y+2

xb
  ab  2 (i)
2

 2ab
and a = 5
ab
 (a + b) = 10 b
 a = 9b

9b  b
 from (i)  9b 2  2
2
 5 b = 3b + 2
 b=1
So a = 9
 x>y>z

11. If A1,A2,A3 : G1, G2,G3 : and H1, H2, H3 are the three arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means between tow positive numbers a and
b (a > b ),then which of the folowing is/ are ture ?
(A) 2G1G3 = H2 (A1 +A3) (B)A2H2= G22 (C)A2G2= H22 (D) 2G1A1 = H1 (A1 +A3)
Sol. (A,B)

3a  b ab a  3b
Wh have A1 = , A2  , A3 
4 2 4
G1 = (a3b)1/4 , G2 = (ab) 1/2, G3 = (ab3) 1/4

4ab 2ab 4ab

H1 =  a  3b  , H2 =  a  b  , H3 =  3a  b 

 A2H2 = ab = G22
G22 = A1H3 = A2H2 = A3H1 = ab
12. Given that   are roots of the equation Ax2 –4x + 1 = 0 and   are toots of the equation Bx2 –6x+ 1 = 0, If  and  are in H.P.,
then
(A) A = 5 (B) A = 3 (C) B = 8 (D) B = – 8
Sol. (B,C)
 are in A.P
Let d be the common difference of the A.P
Since   are roots of Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0

  4/A
  4
 1/ A

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1 1 1
  +2d = 4 or +d=2 (i)
  
Also   are roots of Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0

 1 1 6/B 1 1
    = 6 or + d + +3d = 6
   1/ B  

1
 + 2d = 3


1
Solving (i) and (ii) we get = and d = 1.


1 1 1 1
 = 1, = 2, = 3 and = 4.
   

1
Since, = A A= 3


1
Also, =A B = 8


1 1 1 1
13. If    , then
a c 2b  a 2b  c

b b
(A) a,b,c are in A.P (B) a, , c are in A.P (C) a , , c are in H.P (D) a, 2b, c are in H.P
2 2
Sol. (A,D)

1 a 1 1
  
a c 2b  a 2b  c

1 1 1 1
    0
a a  2b c c  2b

1 1   1 1
     0
 a c  2b   c  2b c

 1 1 
 (a + c –2b)  a c  2b  c a  2b  0
    
Either , a + c – 2b = 0

1 1
 a, b, c are in A.P. or a  c  2b   c  a  2b  = 0

 ac – 2bc +ac – 2ab = 0

 2ac = 2b (a + c)

ac
 b=  a, 2b, c are in H.P
ac

298
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Sigma
DPP 4.4

Single Correct Answer Type

9 36 100
1. The sum of the series 1     .... infinite terms is
4 9 16
(A) 446 (B) 746 (C) 546 (D) 846
Sol. (A) The given series can be written as

13  23 13  2 3  23
13    ...
1 3 1 3  5

13  23  33  ...n3
tn 
1  3  5  ...   2n  1

n 2  n  1  n  1
2 2

= 
4n 2 4

1 2
 (n + 2n +1)
4

1 n 2 n

 Sn =   k  2  k  n 
4  k 1 k 1 

1  n  n  1 2n  1 
 Sn = 4   n  n  1  n 
 6 

1 16.17.33 
 S16 =  16.17  16 
4  6 

1
= [88 × 17 + 16 × 17 + 16] = 446
4
2. The sum 2 0+ 5 + 5× 9 + 8 × 13+....10 terms is
(A) 4500 (B) 4555 (C)  (D) None of these
Sol. (B) S = 2 × 5 + 5 × 9 + 8 × 13 + ....10 terms
tr = (3r – 1) (4r + 1)
= 12r2 – r – 1
10

 S=  12r
r 1
2
 r  1

10.11.21 10.11
= 12   10
6 2

 11 
= 10  462   1 
 2 
= 4555

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1 1
3. The usm of n terms of series ab + a (a + 1) (b + 1) + (a +2) (b +2) +....+ (a+ (n–1)) (b + n – 1) if ab = and (a + b) = is
6 3

n n n
(A)
6
1  2n 
2
(B)
6
1  n  2n 2  (C)
6
1  2n  2n 2  (D) None of these

Sol. (C) S = ab + [ab + (a+b) + 1] + [ab +2 (a+b) + 2 2]

+ ...+ [ab + (n–1) (a+b) + (n-1)2]

n  n  1  n  1 n  2n  1
= nab + (a + b) 
2 6

n
= [1 + 2n (n-1) {1+2n–1}]
b

n n
= [ 1+ 2 n (n –1)] = (1–2n + 2n2))
b b

  
1
4.  i  j  k
i  I j l k  l
is equal to (where |a| > 1)

3 3
(A) (a –1)–3 (B) (C) 3 (D) None of these
a 1 a 1

  
1 1
Sol. S =   i  j  k
i  I j l k  l
|a| > 1 or 0 <
|a|
<1

  
1
=  a a a
i  I j l k  l
i j k

  1   1   1 
=   ai   j   k 
 i 1   j1 a   k 1 a 

1 1 1
a . a . a  1
= 1 1 1  a  13
1 1 1
a a a

5. Th coefficient of x1274 in the expansion of (x+1) (x–2)2

(x + 3)3 (x – 4)4 .... ( x + 49)49 (x–50)50 is
50 50

(C)  i (D)  i
2 2
(A) 1275 (B) – 1275
i 1 i 1

Sol. (B) (x + 1) (x –2)2 (x+3)3 (x–4)4 ... (x + 49)49 (x –50)50

Degree of the expression is 1 + 2 + 3 +...+ 50 = 1272
Coefficient of x1274 si (1–2–2+ 3 + 3 + 3 – 4 – 4 – 4 –4...)
= – (1+ 2+ 3 +...+ 50)
= – 1275

300
The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”
6. If the positive integers are written in a triangular array as shown below

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

then the row in which the number 2010 will be is

(A) 65 (B) 61 (C)  (D) 65
Sol. (C) Let 2010 be in k row th

 kth term of series 1,2,4,7, .....  2010 (series formed by 1st term of each group)
and (k +1)th term of series 1,2,4,7 , ... > 2010
Sn = 1 + 2 + 4 +7 + .... + Tn

Sn  1  2  4  ....  Tn 1  Tn
 0  1  1  2  3  ....  n  1 terms   T 
n

n2  n  2
 Tn =
2

k2  k  2 k2  k  2
  2010 and > 2010
2 2
 k2 –k –4018  0 and k2 + k – 4018 > 0
2 2
 1  16073  1  16073
 k    and  k   
 2 4  2 4

 k = 63
n i j

7. The value of    1  220 , then the value of n equals

i 1 j 1 k 1

(A) 11 (B) 12 (C)  (D) 9

n i j

Sol. 1
i 1 j1 k 1

n i

=  j
i 1 j 1

n
i  i  1
= 
i 1 2

1 n 2
=  i  i
2 i 1

n  n  1 n  2 
 220
6
 n = 10

301
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10 10 10

The sum  is equal to

1
8. k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

(A) 240 (B) 720 (C) 540 (D) 1080

10 10 10

Sol. (B) 1

k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

= (sum when i,j,k are independent)

– (sum when any two of i,j,k are equal)
– (sum when all i,j,k are equal)
10 10 10 10 10 10

= 
1  31  21
k 1 j1 i 1 k 1 i 1 k 1
i  j k i j i  jk

= 103 – 3 × 102 + 2 × 10
= 720
10 10 10

The sum 

1
9. k 1 j 1 i 1
is equal to
i  j k

(A) 120 (B) 240 (C) 360 (D) 720

10 10 10

Sol. (A) 1

k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

1 10 10 10
= 6 
1
k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

10 10 10

As in  , we have sum of terms for

1
k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

i < j <k, i < k < j,

j<i < k, j< i < k, k < i < j, k < j < i and sum for each inequaltiy is same

1 10 10 10
 1
6 k1 j1 i 1 d
ijk

1 10 10 10
= 6 
1
k 1 j 1 i 1
i  j k

720
6
= 120

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Comprehension Type

For Q. 10 and 11
Letf (n) denote the nth terms of the sequence 3,6,11,18,27,... and g (n) denote the nth term of the sequence 3,7,13,21,... Let F(n) and G(n)
denote the sum of n terms of the above sequences, respectively. Now answer the following

f n
10. nlim
 g  n 


(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 

Fn
11. nlim
 G  n 


(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 

Sol. (B), 11. (B)

S 3  6  11  18  ....  t n
S 3  6  11  ....  t n 1  t n
 0  3  (3  5  7  9  0000(n  1)tersm  t
 tn  n 2  2

Similarly nth terms of g(n) = n2 +n +1

n2  2
 lim 1
n  n 2  n  1

F(n) =  (n2 +2)

n  n  1 2n  1
=  2n
6

n  2n 2  3n  13
6

n  n 2  3n  5
G(n) =  (n + n +1) =2
3

n  2n 2  3n  13 

lim 6 1
 n 
n  n 2  3n  5 
3

303
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Miscellaneous Series
DPP 4.5

Single Correct Answer Type

35
1. If the sum to infinity of the series, 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3+ ... is , where |x| < i then "x" equals to
16
(A) 19/7 (B) 1/5 (C) 1/4 (D) None of these
Sol. (B) S = 1 + 4x +7x2 + 10x3 + ...
x.S = x2 + 4x2 + 7x3 + ....
Subtracting
S (1–x) = 1 + 3x +3x2 +3x3 + ...

 1 
S (1–x) = 1 + 3x   |x| < 1
 1 x 

1  2x
 S=
1  x 
2

1  2x 35
Given 
1  x 
2
16

 16 +32x = 35 + 35x2 –– 70x

 (5x–1) (7x–19) = 0

1
But |x| < 1  x =
5


 n
  1
n 1
2. The value of  n  equals
n 1 5 

5 5 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 24 36 16

1 1 3 4 5 1
Sol. (C) We have S =       ....
5 52 53 54 54 55

S 1 2 3 4
     ....
5 52 53 54 55
Adding

6S 1 1 1 1 1
      .....8
5 5 52 53 54 55

1
6S  1 5
 5     5
5 1  1  5   6   S = 36
5

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It's not the time to look for excuses
3. Find the sum of the infinite series

1 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 5 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 
Sol. (A) T n =       ...
3  3 6 10 15 21 

2 1 1 1 1 
=      ....
3  2.3 3.4 4.5 5.6 

2 1
 Hence Tn = 3  n  1 n  2

2 1 1 
= 
3  n  1 n  2 


2 1 1
 S = . 
3 2 3

r n
r 4  r 2  1 675
4. If  4  , then n is equal to
r 1 r r 26

(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 25 (D) 30

r 4  r 2  1  r  r  1 r  r  1 r 2  r  1
2 2

Sol. (D)T= r 4  r  
r  r  1  r 2  r  1 r  r  1

1 1
Tr = 1  
r r 1

1 1
T1 = 1 + 
1 2

1 1
T2 = 1 + 
2 3

1 1
T3 = 1 + 
3 4
.........................

1 1
Tn = 1 + 
n n 1

1 675
 Sn = n + 1 – 
n  1 26
 26 (n+1)2 – 26 = 675 (n +1)
 26(n + 1)2 – 675 (n + 1)–26=0
 26 (n + 1) [n + 1 –26] + [(n+1) – 26] = 0
 (n – 25) (26n + 27) = 0
 n = 25

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1  1 1 1 
5. The sequence {xk} is defined by x k+1 = k 2k  x k and x1 Then  x  1  x  1  ....  x  1  (where [.] denotes the greatest
2  1 2 100 
integer function ) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 1

1 1 1 1
Sol. (D) x  x (x  1)  x  x  1
k 1 k k k k

1 1 1
  
x k  1 x k x k 1

1 1 1 1 1
   ....    
x1  1 x 2  1 x 100  1 x1 x101

1
As 0 < x  1
101

 1 1 1 
    ....   1
 x1  1 x 21  1 x 100  1 

n 1 Tn 1 1
6. The absolute value of the sum of first 20 terms of series , if Sn = and T  n 2  1 , where n is odd given Sn and T n denotes
2 n

sum of first n terms and nth terms and nth is odd , given Sn and Tn denotes sum of first n tersm and nth terms and nth term of the series

(A) 340 (B) 430 (C) 230 (D) 320

Sol. (B) We have Sn –Sn–2 = Tn +Tn–1 (Taking n to be odd)

 Tn   n  1   n  1
 Tn–1 1  T    2   2  1
 n 1   

 n 1 
 AsSn  ,if is odd 
 2 

 n2 
 Tn–1 1  2 
1
 1 n 
 Tn– 1 = – (n2 –1) when n is odd
Also , Sm = S m–1 + Tm
If m is even then (m–1) is odd.

20
 |S20|  43  430
2
7. If Sn = (12 –1+1) + (1!) + (22 –2 + 1) (2!) + .....+ (n2–n+1) (n!), then S 50 =
(A) 52! (B) 1 + 19 × 51! (C) 52!– 1 (D) 50 × 51! – 1
Sol. (B)
Tn = (n1 – n +1)n!
= (n2 –1) n! – (n –2)n!
Tn = (n –1) (n +1)n!

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It's Time To kickstart your Journey for Cracking JEE
 Sn + 1 + (n–1) (n+1)!
 S50 = 1 + 49 × 5!

1.2 2.22 3.22

8. If Sn =    ....  up to n terms, then sum of infinite tersm is
3! 4! 5!

4 3 
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
 e r

r.2r r  2  2 2 2r
r
2r 1
Sol. (D) Here tr = r  2   
   r  2 !  r  1!  r  2  !
n n
2r 2r 1 2n 1
 Sn =  t   (r  1)!   r  2!  1   n  2
r 1
r
r 1

 2n 1 
lim 
 S = n   1    1
  n  2 

9. There is a certain sequence of positive real numbrrs. Begining from the third term. each terms of the sequence is teh sum of all
the previous terms. The seventh terms is equal to 1000 and teh first terms is equal to 1. The second term of this sequence is equal
to

123 123
(A) 246 (B) (C) (D) 124
2 4
Sol. (B) Sequence is t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 +.....
t3 = t1 + t2, t7 = 1000
t1 = 1
but t7 = t1 +t2+ t3 + t4 +t5 +t6
1000 = 2( t1 +t2 +t3 + t4 + t5 )
= 4 (t1 +t2 +t3 + t4)
= 8 (t1 +t2 + t3)
 t 1 + t2 = 125 /2
 t2 = 125 / 2 = 123 /2
10. The sequence {x1 , x2, ..... x50} has the property that for each k,xk is k less than the sum of other 49 numbers. The value of 96x20 is

(A) 300 (B) 315 (C) 1024 (D) 0

Sol. (B) We have xk + k = S – xk where x 1 + x 2 +.....+ xk = S
 2x + k + S
50 50 50

 2 x k   k   S
k 1 k 1 k 1

50.51
 2(S) + 50 S
2
 48 (S) = 25.51
 x20 = 25.51

 25.51  1 315
 x20 =   20  
 48  2 96

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Your target is to secure good rank in JEE
11. Let a0 = 0 and an = 3an–1 + for  1. Then the remainder obtained dividing a2010 by 11 is
(A) 0 (B) 7 (C) 3 (D) 4
Sol. (A) an = 3an–1 + 1
a2010 = 3a2009+ 1
= 3 (3a2008 +1) + 1 = 32 a2800+ 3+ 1
= 33a2007 + 3+ 3+ 1
= 34a2006 + 3 + 3 +3 + 1
= 3 2010 a0+ ( 3 + 3 + 3 + .... 2009 times) + 1
= 3 × 2009 + 1
= 6028, which is divisible by 11
12. Suppose a,, a2, a3, .... a2012 are integers arranged on a circle. Each number is equal to the average of its tow adjacent numbers. If
the sum fo the sum of all efen indexed numbers is 3018, what is the sum of all numbers?
(A) 0 (B) 9054 (C) 12072 (D) 6036

a1  a 3
Sol. (D) a 2 
2

a2  a4
a3 
2

a 2  a 2012
a1 
2

a 2012  a1
a 2012 
2
Now a2 + a4 + .... + a2012 = 3018 (i)
2a2 + 2a4 + ...+ a2a2012 = 60 36
 a1 + a2 + a3 +a5 +.....a2011 + a1 = 6036
 2 (a1 + a3 + ...+ a2011) 6036
 a1 +a3 + .... + a2011 = 3018
By adding (i) and (i) we get
a1 +a2 +a3 + ...+ a2012 = 6036

9 13 17
13. The sum of the series 2
 3  4  ...
5 .2.1 5 .3.2 5 4.3

9 1 2
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5

4 r 1
Sol. Tr = 5r r  r  1 , r  2

5r   r 1 1 1
= 5r r  1 = 5r  r(r  1)  5r r
 

 1 1   1 1   1 1  
 T
r 2
r    1  2    2  3    3  4   .... 
  5 .1 5 .2   5 .2 5 .3   5 .3 5 .4  

1

5

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Believe you can & you are halfway there
PART TEST – 1
Single choice Problems

1. If sec ( – 2), sec , sec ( + 2) are in arithmetical progression then cos2 =  cos2
 (  n; n  I) the value of  is:
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)
2
Ans. (B)
Sol. 2sec = sec ( – 2) + sec( + 2)
2 cos(  2)  cos(  2)
=
cos  cos(  2) cos(  2)
cos2 + cos4 = cos (2cos cos2)
2cos  – 1 + 2 cos2 2 – 1 = 2 cos2  cos2
2

 cos2 (1 – cos 2) + (cos 2 + 1) (cos 2 – 1) = 0

 cos2  = 1 + cos 2
2. Let a, b, c, d, e are non-zero and distinct positive real numbers. If a, b, c are in A.P. ; b, c, d are
in G.P. and c, d, e are in H.P., then a, c, e are in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) Nothing can be said
Ans. (B)
a c
Sol. If a, b, c A.P.  b =
2
2ec
if c, d, e H.P.  d=
ec
if b, c, d G.P.  c2 = bd
 a  c   2ec 
c2 =   
 2   ec 
 c2 = ae

3. If (m + 1)th , (n + 1)th , and (r + 1)th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P. and m, n, r are in
H.P., then the ratio of first term of the A.P. to its common difference is:

(A) – (B) – n (C) –2 (D) +n
2
Ans. (A)
Sol. (a + nd)2 = (a + md) (a + rd)
a mr – n 2
 
d 2n – m – r
2mr a –n
if m, n, r are in H.P., then n =  
mr d 2

4. If the equation x4 – 4x3 + ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 has four positive roots, then the value of (a + b) is :
(A) – 4 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) Can not be determined
Ans. (B)
4
Sol. A.M. (, , , ) =  1
4
G.M. (,  , ) = 1   =  =  =  = 1
So, equation is (x – 1)4 = 0  a = 6, b = – 4

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It’s time to be serious, so stop saying & start doing

5. If S1, S 2 and S3 are the sums of first n natural numbers, their squares and their cubes
S14S22 – S22 S32
respectively, then =
S12  S32
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
Ans. (D)
S14S22  S22S32 S22 (S14  S32 )
Sol. S3 = S1 2   0
S12  S32 S12  S32

1·2 2·2 3·23

6. If S n = + + +........upto n terms then the sum of the infinite terms is :
3! 4! 5!
2 
(A) 1 (B) (C) e (D)
3 4
Ans. (A)
r·2 r
Sol. Tr =
(r  2)!
(r  2 – 2) 2r 1 1
Tr = = 2r – 2r 1
(r  2)! (r  1)! (r  2)!
2! 2n 1
Sn = –
2! (n  2)!
 2n 1 
limSn  S 1 as lim
 n   0
n 
 (n  2)! 

    
7. If tan  – x  , tan , tan   x  in order are three consecutive terms of a G.P. then sum
 12  12  12 
of all the solutions in [0, 314] is k. The value of k is:
(A) 4950 (B) 5050 (C) 2525 (D) 5010
Ans. (A)
    
Sol. tan2 = tan   x  tan   x 
12  12   12 

 tan 2  tan 2 x
12   
tan2 =  tan2x  tan 4  1  = 0  tanx = 0

12 1  tan 2 tan 2 x  12 
12
x = 0, , 2, 3 , ......, 99

S2 S S S
8. Let Sk = 1 + 2 + 3 + ......+ k and Q n = · 3 · 4 ········· n , where k, n  N lim
S2 –1 S3 –1 S4 –1 Sn –1 n 

Qn :
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 0
3
Ans. (C)

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You get what you Focus, so Focus on what you want
Sn n n 1
Sol. 
Sn  1 n 1 n  2
2 3 4 5 n  3 4 5 n n 1 
Qn =      .....  ×     ......   
1 2 3 4 n 1   4 5 6 n 1 n  2 
n  3  3n
Qn =   ·  
 1   n2 n 2
log p 1
9. l, m, n are the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P. all positive, then log m q 1 equals :
log n r 1
(A) – 1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
Ans. (D)
log p l log A  (p  1) log R p l
Sol. log m q l = log A  (q  1) log R q l
log n r l log A  (r  1) log R r l
log A p l (p  1) log R p l
log A q l + (q  1) log R q l =0
log A r l (r  1) log R r l

10. The number of natural numbers < 300 that are divisible by 6 but not by 9 is :
(A) 49 (B) 37 (C) 33 (D) 16
Ans. (C)
Sol. Number divisible by 6  49
Number divisible by 18  16

xyz
11. If x, y, z > 0 and x + y + z = 1 then is necessarily.:
(1 – x) (1 – y) (1– z)
(A)  8 (B)  (C) 1 (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
yz
Sol.  yz 1 – x ³ 2 yz
2
Thus,
(1 – x) (1 – y) (1 – z)  2 yz . 2 zx . 2 xy = 8xyz
xyz 1

(1 – x) (1 – y) (1 – z) 8

 n 
12. If ,  be roots of the equation 375x2 – 25x – 2 = 0 and sn = n + n, then lim   Sr  =......... :
n 
 r 1 
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
12 4 3

Ans. (A)
Sol. Clearly, both roots are lies in between –1 and 1.

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n
 n
r  n
r
 lim      n      n    
r r
( ) = lim + lim
n 
r 1  r 1   r 1 
  1
=  
1   1   12

13. If ai , i = 1, 2, 3, 4 be four real members of the same sign, then the minimum value of
a
 a i , i , j  {1, 2, 3, 4}, i  j is :
j

(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 24

Ans. (C)
a a a a a 2 a 2 a 2 a3 a3 a 3 a 4 a 4 a 4
Sol.  a i  a 1  a1  a 1 +          12
a1 a 3 a 4 a1 a 2 a 4 a1 a 2 a 3
j 2 3 4

 1 
 x   2
 x 

14. Given that x, y, z are positive reals such that xyz = 32. The minimum value of x 2 + 4xy + 4y2 +
2z2 is equal :
(A) 64 (B) 256 (C) 96 (D) 216
Ans. (C)
x 2  2xy  2xy  4y 2  z 2  z 2 6 2
Sol.  2 ·4·x 4·y 4·z 4 = (224)1/6 = 16
6

15. In an A.P., five times the fifth term is equal to eight times the eight term. Then the sum of the
first twenty five terms is equal to :
25
(A) 25 (B) (C) –25 (D) 0
2
Ans. (D)
Sol. Let first term be 'a' and differentce be d.
 5(a + 4d) = 8(a + 7d)
 a + 12d = 0
25
S25 = [2a + 24d]
2
S25 = 25 (a + 12d) = 0

16. Let ,  be two distinct values of x lying in [0, ] for which 5 sin x, 10 sin x, 10 (4 sin 2 x +
1) are 3 consecutive terms of a G.P. Then minimum value of | – | =
  2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 5 5 5
Ans. (B)
Sol. 10sinx = 5 (4sin 2 x + 1) sin x  0
5 1
 sinx =
4

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Never will you have this day again , so make it count

17. In an infinite G.P., the sum of first three terms is 70. If the extreme terms are multiplied by 4
and the middle term is multiplied by 5, the resulting terms form an A.P. then the sum of
infinite terms of G.P. is:
(A) 120 (B) 40 (C) 160 (D) 80
Ans. (D)
Sol. Let first term of G.P. be a and ratio be r.
 a + ar + ar2 = 70 and 10ar = 4a + 4ar2
1
 a = 40 r=
2
a 40
S=   80
1 r 1 1
2
 
k
18. The value of the sum  n k
is equal to:
2
k 1 n 1
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
Ans. (D)

k k  1 k
Sol.  2n  k 2k  2 n  2 k

n 1 n 1

k 1 2 3 4
 2k  2  22  23  24  .......  2
n 1

19. Let p, q, r are positive real numbers, such that 27 pqr  (p + q + r)3 and 3p + 4q + 5r = 12,
then p3 + q4 + r5 =
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 4
Ans. (A)
pq r
Sol. (pqr)1/3   p = q = r ( GM  AM)
3
& 3p + 4q + 5r = 12  p = q = r = 1

1 1 1 1 1
20. Find the sum of the infinite series     ········
9 18 30 45 63
1 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 5 3
Ans. (A)
11 1 1 1 1  1 1  1  1  1 1  1  1 1  
Sol.       .......  =  1            ......... 
3  3 6 10 15 21  3 3  2  5  2 3  7  3 4  
1 1 1 1  1
=     ........ 
3 1·2 2·3 3·4  3

One or more than one answer is/are correct :

21. If the first and (2n – 1)th terms of an A.P., G.P. and H.P. with positive terms are equal and their
nth terms are a, b and c respectively, then which of the following options must be correct:
2ac
(A) a + c = 2b (B) a  b  c (C) =b (D) ac = b2
a c
Ans. (B,D)
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Every champion was once a contender that refused to give up

a1  a n 2a1a n
Sol. a= , b = a1a n , c =
2 a1  a n
abc and b = ac
2

22. Let a, b, c are distinct real numbers such that expression ax 2 + bx + c, bx 2 + cx + a and cx 2 + ax
a 2  b 2  c2
+ b are always positive then possible value(s) of may be :
ab  bc  ca
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (B,C)
Sol. D1 : b2 – 4ac < 0
D2 : c2 – 4ab < 0
D3 : a2 – 4bc < 0
D1 + D2 + D3 : a2 + b2 + c2 < 4 (ab + bc + ac)
a 2  b 2  c2
1< 4
ab  bc  ac

23. If a, b, c are in H.P., where a > c > 0, then :

a c 1 1
(A) b > (B) – 0
2 a –b b–c
(C) ac > b2 (D) bc (1 – a), ac (1 – b), ab (1 – c) are in A.P.
Ans. (B,C,D)
Sol. If a, b, c are in H.P.
A.M. > H.M.
ac
  b  a + b > 2b
2
 a–b>b–c
1 1
or  0
a b b c
G.M. > H.M.
also ac  b or ac > b2

24. In an A.P., let Tr denote rth term from beginning , Tp = , Tq = , then :

1
(A) T1 = common difference (B) TP+q =
pq
1 1
(C) Tpq = (D) Tp+q = 2 2
pq pq
Ans. (A,B,C)
1
Sol. Tp = a + (p – 1) d =
q(p  q)
1 1
Tq = a + (q – 1) d =  a=d=
p(p  q) pq(p  q)

25. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct ?

(A) Sum of the reciprocal of all the n harmonic means inserted between a and b is equal to n
times the harmonic mean between two given numbers a and b.
(B) Sum of the cubes of first n natural number is equal to square of the sum of the first n
natural numbers.
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The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need for tomorrow
2n
(C) If a, A1, A2, A3,......,A2n, b are in A.P. then  Ai  n(a  b) .
i 1
(D) If the first term of the geometric progression g1, g2, g3,....... is unity, then the value of the
2
common ratio of the progression such that (4g2 + 5g3) is minimum equals .
5
Ans. (B,C)
Sol. (a) a, H1, H2, H3 , ......, Hn , b are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,....... , are in A.P.
a H1 H 2 H3 Hn b
1 1 1 1 n 1 1 
   ,.......    
H1 H 2 H3 Hn 2  a b 
(c) a, A1 , A2 , A3 , ......... A2n , b are in A.P.
A1 + A2n = A2 + A2n–1 = A3 + A2n–2 = ........ = a + b
(d) 4g2 + 5g3 = 4r + 5r2
2
This is minimum at r = –
5

Subjective Type Problems

26. Let a, b, c, d are four distinct consecutive numbers in A.P. The complete set of values of x for
which
2(a – b) + x (b – c) 2 + (c – a)3 = 2 (a – d) + (b – d)2 + (c – d)3 is true is (–, ]  [, ), then
|| is equal to :
Ans. 8
Sol. If a, b, c, d are in A.P. with common difference 'k', then
9k2 + (x – 4)k2 + 4k = 0
k{9k2 + (x – 4) k + 4} = 0
D  0  (x – 4)2 – 144  0
(x + 8) (x – 16)  0
x  (–, – 8]  [16, )

n
27. The sum of all digit of n for which  r2r = 2 + 2n+10 is :
r 1
Ans. 9
Sol. S = 1·2 + 2·22 + 3·23 + 4·24 + ........ + n · 2n
2·S = 1·22 + 2·22 + 3·24 + ..........+ (n – 1)·2n + n · 2n+1
 S = (n – 1) · 2n+1 + 2 = 2 + 2n+10
 2(n – 1) = 210
 n = 513


r2 1
28. If lim
n 
 2r1 r(r 1) =
k
, then k =
r 1
Ans. 2
n   1  1
r2 1
Sol. lim  r 1
=   r – r 1 
=
n 
r 1 2 r(r  1) r 1  r·2 (r  1)·2  2
315
Dream Becomes Reality when Passion & Persistence Meet

8r
29. The value of  4
is equal to :
r 1 4r  1
Ans. 2
 
8r  1 1 
Sol.  4r 4  1   2r 2  2r 1  2r 2  2r 1   2
 2
r 1 r 1

30. Three distinct non-zero real numbers form an A.P. and the squares of these numbers taken in
same order form a G.P. If possible common ratio of G.P. are 3 ± n , n  N then n =
Ans. 8
Sol. Let three terms in A.P. a – d, a, a + d
If (a – d)2 , a2, (a + d)2 are in G.P.  d = ± 2 a
a2 1
r= 
(a  d) 2
(1  2) 2

31. If 1111.........1– 222.........2 = PPP.........P then P =

2n times n times n times

Ans. 3
10 2n 1  10n  1   10n  1 
Sol.  2   P  P3
9  9   9 

32. In an increasing sequence of four positive integers, the first 3 terms are in A.P., the last 3
terms are in G.P. and the fourth term exceed the first term by 30, then the common difference
of A.P. lying in interval [1,9] is :
Ans. 9
Sol. a – d, a, a + d, a – d + 30
If last three terms are in G.P.
(a + d)2 = a(a – d + 30)
d2
 a=
30  3d

n
1 1
33. The limit of
n4
 (k(k  2) (k + 4) as n   is equal to  , then  =
k 1
Ans. 4
1 n
Sol. [k(k  2)(k  4)(k  6)  (k  2)k(k  2)(k  4)]
8n 4 k 1
1  (n 1)(n  1)(n  3)(n  5)  n(n  2)(n  4)(n  6) 15  1
8  n4   14 (n  )

34. What is the last digit of 1 + 2 + 3 +..........+ n if the last digit of 13 + 23 +......+ n3 is 1 ?
Ans. 1

316

Starve Your Distractions, Feed Your Focus

2
 n(n  1) 
Sol. Unit digit of  1
 2 
n(n  1)
Then unit digit of is 1 because unit digit of n(n + 1) can not be 8.
2

35. Three distinct positive numbers a, b, c are in G.P., while log c a, logb c, loga b are in A.P. with
non-zero common difference d, then 2d =
Ans. 3
Sol. 2logbc = logca + logab
 log a  2log r   log a   log a  log r 
2   
 log a  log r   log a  2log r   log a 
A 3  33
Let A = loga and R = log r  3A2 + 3Ar – 2R2 = 0  
R 6
A  2R A 3
d = logbc – logca =  
A  R A  2R 2

317
PART TEST –2
Single choice Problems

Sa S
1. If S r denote the sum of first ‘r’ terms of a non constant A.P. and 2
= b2 = c, where a, b, c
a b
are distinct then S c =
(A) c2 (B) c3 (C) c 4 (D) abc
Ans. (B)
a b
[2A  (a  1)D] [2A  (b  1)D]
Sol. 2 = 2 = c  D = 2c, A = c
a2 b2

2. In an infinite G.P. second term is x and its sum is 4, then complete set of values of ‘x’ is :
 1 1  1 1 
(A) (– 8, 0) (B)  – ,  – {0} (C)  –1, –    ,1 (D) (–8, 1] – {0}
 8 8  8 8 
Ans. (D)
x/r x
Sol. =4   r  r2
1 r 4
1
if – 1 < r < 1 then –2 < r – r2 <
4
x 1
–2<   –8 < x < 1
4 4

3. The number of terms of an A.P. is odd. The sum of the odd terms (1st, 3rd etc.,) is 248 and the
sum of the even terms is 217. The last term exceeds the first by 56, then :
(A) The number of terms is 17 (B) The first term is 3
(C) The number of terms is 13 (D) The first term is 1
Ans. (B)
n 1
Sol. t1 + t3 + t5 + ..... + t2n+1 = [2a + n(2d)] = 248
2
n
t2 + t4 + t6 + ........ + t2n = [2(a  d)  (n 1)2d]  217
2
t2n+1 – t1 = 2n · d = 56
n 1 n
 [2a + 56] = 248 and [2a + 56] = 217
2 2
 n = 7, a = 3

4. Let A1, A2, A3,........,An be squares such that for each n  1 the length of a side of An equals the
length of a diagonal of An+1. If the side of A1 be 20 units then the smallest value of ‘n’ for
which area of An is less than 1.
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10
Ans. (D)
Sol. length of side A1 = 20
20
length of side A2 =
2

318

Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you

20
length of side A3 =
( 2) 2
20
length of side An =
( 2) n 1
400
Area of An = n 1  1
2

 n
1
5. Let Sk =  , then  kSk equal :
i 0 (k  1)
i
k 1
n(n  1) n(n –1) n(n  2) n(n  3)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 2 2 2
Ans. (D)

1 1 1 k 1
Sol. Sk =   1   ........ 
i 0 (k  1)
i
k  1 (k 1) 2
k
n n n n
n(n  1) n(n  3)
 kSk   (k  1)   k  1  2  n  2
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1

2 5 1 10 2 17 3
6. The sum of the series + 2 + 2 + 2 + ······· upon n terms is equal :
1·2 2·3 3·4 4·5
n2n  n  n n2 n (n – 1)2n
(A) (B)  2 + 1 (C) –1 (D)
n 1  n 1  n 1 n 1
Ans. (A)
(r 2  1) r 1  1 2  r 1
Sol. Tr = .2  1   2
r(r  1)  r r 1 
n  r 1
n n
2 2r   2n   n  n
Sn =  r T  2 r 1
  r r 1
   = (2n–1) + 1 
   2
r 1 r 1 r 1    n  1  n  1 

29
7. If (1 · 5)30 = k, then the value of  (1·5)n , is :
n 2
9
(A) 2k – 3 (B) k + 1 (C) 2k + 7 (D) 2k –
2
Ans. (D)
29
Sol.  (1.5)n  (1.5)2  (1.5)3  .....  (1.5)29
n 2

 (1.5)28 1 
  2k  2(1.5)
2
= (1.5)2 
 0.5 
8. n arithmetic means are inserted between 7 and 49 and their sum is found to be 364, then n is :
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14
Ans. (C)
Sol. 7, A1, A2, A3, ........, An , 49 are in A.P.
n2
A1 + A2, A3 + ........... + An =   (7 + 49) – (7 + 49)
 2 

319

Do It Now. Sometimes, “Later” becomes “Never”

n
  56  364  n = 13
2

9. The third term of a G.P. is 2. Then the product of the first five terms, is:
(A) 23 (B) 24 (C) 2 5 (D) None of these
Ans. (C)
2 2
Sol. , , 2, 2r, 2r 2
r2 r

10. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. is 5n2 + 4n, its common difference is :
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 3 (D) –4
Ans. (B)
Sol. Sn = 5n2 + 4n
tn = Sn – Sn–1 = 10n – 1

11. If x + y = a and x 2 + y2 = b, then the value of (x3 + y3), is:

3ab – a 3
(A) ab (B) a2 + b (C) a + b2 (D)
2
Ans. (D)
  a 2  b   (x  y) 2  (x 2  y2 ) 
Sol. x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x 2 + y2 – xy) = a  b     xy  
  2   2 
3ab a 3
= 
2 2

12. If S1, S 2, S3,........,Sn are the sum of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 3,
2 2 2
5,......,(2n – 1) and whose common ratios are , ,........., respectively, then
3 5 2n  1
 1 1 1 
    .......upon inf inite terms  =
 S1S2S3 S2S3S4 S3S4S5 
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 60 12 3
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. S1 = 3
2
1
3
3
S2 = 5
2
1
5

2n  1
Sn =  2n  1
2
1
2n  1

13. Sequence {tn} of positive terms is a G.P. If t6 , 2, 5, t14 form another G.P. in that order, then the
product t1t2t3.......t18t19 is equal to :
(A) 109 (B) 1010 (C) 10 17/2 (D) 1019/2
Ans. (D)
320

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

Sol. ar5 , 2, 5, ar13 are in G.P.
 (ar9)2 = 10
t1t2t3 ............ t19 = a19r9×19 = (ar9)19 = 1019/2

(A 2  A  1) (B2  B  1)(C 2  C  1) (D2  D 1)

14. The minimum value of where A, B, C, D > 0 is:
ABCD
1 1
(A) (B) 4 (C) 2 4 (D) 34
34 2
Ans. (D)
Sol. A.M.  G.M.
1 1 1 1
A+ +13 ; B+ +13 ; C+ +13 ; D+ +13
A B C D
 1  1  1  1  4
 A   1 B   1 C   1  D   1  3
 A  B  C  D 
20 20
15. If  r = a,  r 2 = b then sum of products of 1, 2, 3, 4.....20 taking two at a time is:
3

1 1

a –b a 2 – b2
(A) (B) (C) a – b (D) a2 – b2
2 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. (r)2 = r2 + 2r1r2
ab
r1r2 =
2

16. The sum of the first 2n terms of an A.P. is x and the sum of the next n terms is y, its common
difference is:
x – 2y 2y – x x – 2y 2y – x
(A) 2
(B) (C) (D)
3n 2 3n 3n
Ans. (B)
2n n
Sol. [2a + (2n – 1)d] = x and [2(a = 2nd) + (n – 1)d] = y
2 2
2y x 2y  x
   3nd  d=
n n 3n 2
17. If log2 4, log 2
8 and log3 9k–1 are consecutive terms of a geometric sequence, then the number
of integers that satisfy the system of inequalities x 2 – x > 6 and |x| < k2 is:
(A) 193 (B) 194 (C) 195 (D) 196
Ans. (A)
Sol. 2, 6, 2 (k – 1) are in G.P.
 62 = 2 × 2(k – 1)
 k = 10
 x2 – x – 6 > 0 and |x| < 100
 x  (–100, –2)  (3, 100)
Number of integers = 193

321

Take your Dreams seriously

1
18. Let Tr be the rth term of an A.P. whose first term is – and common difference is 1, then
2
n

 1  Tr Tr 1Tr 2Tr 3 = :
r 1
n(n  1) (2n 1) 5n n(n  1) (2n  1) 5n 1
(A) – (B) – 
6 4 6 4 4
n(n  1) (2n  1) 5n 1 n(n  1) (2n  1) 5n
(C) –  (D) – 1
6 4 2 6 8
Ans. (C)
n
n
 3  1  1  3 
Sol.  1  Tr Tr 1Tr 2Tr 3 =  1   r   r   r   r  
 2  2  2  2 
r 1 r 1

n n 2
 5 5
=   r2     r2 
r 1  4 r 1 4
2 n
5 5 1 n n
5
=  r 2    r2     r 2  
r 1 4 r 2 4 4 r 2 r 2 4

n
n(n  1) (n  2) n
2008
19. If  Tr = 3
, then lim  =:
r 1 Tr
n 
r 1
(A) 2008 (B) 3012 (C) 4016 (D) 8032
Ans. (A)
Sol. Tr =  Tr –  Tr 1  r 2  r

n n n
2008 1 1 1  n
 T  2008 r(r 1)  (2008)  r  r 1   (2008) n  1
r 1 r r 1 r 1
(2008)n
lim  2008
h  n 1

n
 1  1  1 
20. The absolute term in P(x) =   x –  x –  x –  as n approaches to infinity is :
r 1  r  r  1  r2
1 –1 1 –1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 4
Ans. (D)
n
 1  1  1 
Sol. P(x) =   x  r 

x  x 
r  1 

r2
r 1
n
1 1 n 1 1 
Absolute term = –  r(r  1)(r  2) 2   r(r 1)  (r 1)(r  2) 
 
r 1  r 1 
1 1 1 
=–  
2  2 (n  1)(n  2) 
1 1 1  1
lim –    =–
n  2  2 (n  1)(n  2)  4

322

Do something today that your future self will thank you for
One or more than one answer is/are correct :

21. If a, b, c are in 3 distinct numbers in H.P., a, b, c > 0, then :

bc–a ca –b a  b–c bc ca a b
(A) , , are in A.P. (B) , , are in A.P.
a b c a b c
a–b a
(C) a 5 + c5  3b5 (D) =
b–c c
Ans. (A,B,C,D)
Sol. a, b, c are in H.P.
1 1 1
, , and in A.P.
a b c
a bc a bc a bc
(a)  2,  2,  2 are in A.P.
a b c
a bc a bc a bc
(b)  1, 1, 1 are in A.P.
c b c
2 1 1 2
(c)     ac  b
b a c ac
a5 + c5  2(ac)5/2  b5
(d) 2ac = ab + bc

22. All roots of equation x5 – 40x4 + x3 + x2 = x +  = 0 are in G.P. If the sum of their
reciprocals is 10, then  can be equal to :
1 1
(A) 32 (B) –32 (C) (D) –
32 32
Ans. (A,B)
Sol. Let the roots be a, ar, ar2, ar3 and ar4.
a(r5 –1)
 40 ....(1)
r –1
1 
–1
1  r 5 
and  10 .....(2)
a 1 –1
r
5
r –1 40
put  in (2) we get ar2 = ±2
r –1 a
Now  = (ar2)5 = (± 2)5

23. Let a1, a2, a3,..........be a sequence of non-zero real numbers which are in A.P. for k  N. Let fk
(x) = akx2 + 2ak+1 x + ak+2 :
(A) fk(x) = 0 has real roots for each k  N
(B) Each of fk(x) = 0 has one root in common
(C) Non-common roots of f1(x) = 0, f2(x) = 0, f3(x) = 0,.......from an A.P.
(D) None of these
Ans. (A,B)
Sol. (A)  2ak+1 = ak + ak+2
 fk(–1) = 0
– 1 is a root
323
Don’t stop when you are tired, stop when you are done
(B) From (A) (–1) is root for any 'k' so any pair of equation has a common root.
(C) If one root is –1, other roots are –c/a (form)
a k 2 a a a
i.e., 3 , 4 , 5 ....... are not in A.P.
ak a1 a 1 a 3

24. Given a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, d are in G.P. and c, d, e are in H. P. If a = 2 and e = 18, then the
possible value of ‘c’ can be :
(A) 9 (B) – 6 (C) 6 (D) – 9
Ans. (B,C)
a c 2ce
Sol. b= ,d 
2 c e
if c = bd, then c2 = 36
2 ( a = 2, e = 18)

25. The number a, b, c in that order form a three term A.P. and a + b + c = 60. The number (a – 2),
b,
(c + 3) in that order form a three term G.P. All possible values of (a2 + b2 + c2) is/are:
(A) 1218 (B) 1208 (C) 1288 (D) 1298
Ans. (B,D)
Sol. If a, b, c are in A.P. then
a = b – d and c = b + d
a + b + c = 60  b = 20
If (a – 2), b, (c + 3) are in G.P., then
400 = (18 – d) (23 + d)  d = 2, –7

Subjective Type Problems

1 1 1 1
26. The numbers , logx y, logy z, logz x are in H.P. If y = xr and z = xs , then 4(r + s) =
3 3 3 7
Ans. 6
3 3r 2 r 6r 3
Sol. 3, , , 7s ;  1  and   7s
r s r s s r
 7r3 – 6r2 + 21r – 18 = 0  (r2 + 3)(7r – 6) = 0
6 9
r= and s =
7 14


k2 p
27. If  3k  q ; where p and q are relatively prime positive integers. Find the value of (p+q).
k 1
Ans. 5
12 22 32 42
Sol. S=     .......
31 32 33 33
S 12 22 32
    .......
3 32 33 34
2S S 1 3 5 7
 S    2  3  4  .......
3 3 3 3 3 3
2S 1 3 5
    .....
9 32 33 34
2S 2S 1 2 2 2
      ......
3 9 3 32 33 34
324

The difference in winning & losing is most often “NOT QUITTING”

4S 1 2  1 1 
  2 1   2  ...... 
9 3 3  3 3 
4S 1 2  1  2 3 p
    S= 
9 3 92/3 3 2 q

28. The sum of the terms of an infinitely decreasing Geometric Progression (GP) is equal to the
greatest value of the function f(x) = x 3 + 3x – 9 when x  [–4, 3] and the difference between
p
the first and second term is f  (0). The common ratio r = where p and q are relatively prime
q
positive integers. Find (p +q).
Ans. 5
Sol. S = f(x)max x  [–4, 3]
a – ar = f (0) = 3
f (x) = 3x2 + 3 > 0  f(x)max = f(3) = 27 + 9 – 9 = 27
a
S = 27 =
1 r
1 a
a(1 – r) = 3  
1 r 3
 27 = a
a2 = 81  a = ± 9
3 1
If a=9 1–r= If a = – 9 1–r=–
9 3
2 4
r= r= > 1 (rejected)
3 3
p 2
  p+q=5
q 3

29. A cricketer has to score 4500 runs. Let an denotes the number of runs he scores in the nth
match.
If a1 = a2 =........a10 = 150 and a10, a11, a12..........are in A.P. with common difference (–2). If N
be the total number of matches played by him to score 4500 runs. Find the sum of the digits of
N.
Ans. 7
Sol. Total runs from 1 to 9 = 1350
Let, number of terms in A.P. be n.
n
 [300 + (n – 1) × (–1)] = 4500 – 1350 = 3150
2
 n = 25 or 126, n = 126 (not possible)
 n = 25, total matches = 34

100
1
30. If x = 10  , then [x] = (where [·] denotes greatest integer function)
n 3 n – 4
2

Ans. 5
100
10  1 1  10  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
Sol. x=
4
  n  2  n  2  =
4
1        
 2 3 4 102 101 100 99 
n 3

325

Only I Can Change My Life, No One Can Do It For Me

4n  4n 2 –1
31. Let f(n) = , n  N then the remainder when f(1) + f(2) + f (3)+........+ f(60) is
2n  1  2n –1
divided by 9 is.
Ans. 8
(2n  1)  (2n  1)  (2n  1)(2n  1)
Sol. f(n) =
2n  1  2n  1
Let 2n  1 = a and 2n 1 = b
(a 2  b2  ab) (a  b) a 3  b3
f(n) = 
(a  b) (a  b) a 2  b2
(2n  1)3/2  (2n 1)3/2
 f(n) =
2
60 60
(2n  1)  (2n 1)3/2
3/2
(121)3/2 1
 f (n)  n 1 2
=
2
 665
n 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
32. Find the sum of series 1 +       +......., where the terms are the
2 3 4 6 8 9 12
reciprocals of the positive integers whose only prime factors are two's and t hree's :

Ans. 3
Sol. 30{20 + 2–1 + 2–2 ......} = 1{2}
1
3–1 {20 + 2–1 + 2–2 ....} = {2}
3
1
3–2{20 + 2–1 + 2–2 .....} = {2}
3


2 1
Hence, 3
1
1
3

33. Let a1, a2, a3,........,an be real numbers in arithmatic progression such that a1 = 15 and a2 is an
10 n
integer. l Given  (a r )2 = 1185. If Sn =  a r and maximum value of n is N for which S n 
r 1 r 1
S(n–1), then find N – 10

Ans. 6
Sol. 152 + (15 + d2) + (15 + 2d)2 + ....... + (15 + 9d)2 = 1185
 19d2 + 90d + 71 = 0
 d=–1
Sn  Sn–1
n  n 1 
(31  n)    (32  n)  n  16
2  2 
34. Let the roots of the equation 24x 3– 14x2 = kx + 3 = 0 form a geometric sequence of real
numbers. If absolute value of k lies between the roots of the equation x 2 + a2 x – 112 = 0, then
the largest integral value of a is :

a/r
a 326
ar
Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you
Ans. 2
Sol. 24x2 – 14x2 + kx + 3 = 0

1 1
Product of roots a3 = –  a=–
8 2
 k=–7
If x = 7 lies between the roots, then
f(7) = 49 + 72 – 112 < 0
2 – 9 < 0

 1 1
35. How many ordered pair(s) satisfy log  x 3 y3   = log x + log y
 3 9
Ans. 1
Sol. 9x3 + 3y2 + 1 = 9xy
(91/3 x)3 + (31/3 y)3 + 13 = 3(91/3 x) (31/3 y)  91/3 x = 31/3 y = 1

327

Some students dream of success while others wake up & work.

Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

BRAHMASTRA
FINAL REVISION MODULE BEFORE EXAMINATION

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION

DEFINITION
A sequence is a set of terms in a definite order with a rule for obtaining the terms.
e.g. 1 , 1/2 , 1/3 , ....... , 1/n , ........ is a sequence.
AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP)
AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fixed number. This fixed number
is called the common difference. If a is the first term & d the common difference, then AP
can be written as
a, a + d, a + 2 d, ....... a + (n – 1)d, ........
nth term of this AP tn = a + (n – 1)d, where d = an – an-1.
n n
The sum of the first n terms of the AP is given by ; S n = [2 a + (n – 1)d] = [a + l].
2 2
where l is the last term.
NOTES
(i) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non
zero number, then the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(ii) Three numbers in AP can be taken as a – d , a , a + d ; four numbers in AP can be taken
as a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d ; five numbers in AP are a – 2d , a – d , a, a + d, a + 2d &
six terms in AP are a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iii) The common difference can be zero, positive or negative.
(iv) The sum of the two terms of an AP equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and
equal to the sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an AP (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant
from it.
(vi) tr = Sr  Sr1

(vii) If a , b , c are in AP  2 b = a + c.
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (GP)
GP is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms
is equal to the proceeding terms multiplied by a constant . Thus in a GP the ratio of
successive terms is constant. This constant factor is called the COMMON RATIO of the
series & is obtained by dividing any term by that which immediately proceeds it.
Therefore a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ...... is a GP with a as the first term & r as common ratio.

(i) nth term = a rn –1

a  r n 1
(ii) Sum of the Ist n terms i.e. Sn = , if r  1 .
r 1
(iii) Sum of an infinite GP when r < 1 when n   rn  0 if r < 1 therefore,
a
S = (| r | 1) .
1 r
(iv) If each term of a GP be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero quantity, the resulting
sequence is also a GP.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

(v) Any 3 consecutive terms of a GP can be taken as a/r, a, ar ; any 4 consecutive terms of a
GP can be taken as a/r3, a/r, ar, ar3 & so on.
(vi) If a, b, c are in GP  b2 = ac.

HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP)

A sequence is said to HP if the reciprocals of its terms are in AP.
If the sequence a1, a2, a3, .... , a n is an HP then 1/a1, 1/a2, .... , 1/an is an AP & converse.
Here we do not have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an HP. For HP whose first
ab
term is a & second term is b, the nth term is tn = .
b  (n 1) (a  b)
2 ac a a b
If a, b, c are in HP  b = or = .
ac c bc

MEANS
ARITHMETIC MEAN
If three terms are in AP then the middle term is called the AM between the other two, so
if a, b, c are in AP, b is AM of a & c .
a  a  a  .....  an
AM for any n positive number a 1, a2, ... , an is ; A = 1 2 3 .
n
n - ARITHMETIC MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS
If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A 1, A2, .... , An, b are in AP then A1, A2, ... An are
the n AM’s between a &b.
ba 2 (b  a ) 2 (b  a ) n (b  a)
A1 = a + , A2 = a + , ...... , An = a +
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
ba
=a+d, a + 2 d , ...... , An = a + nd , where d =
n 1
NOTE : Sum of n AM’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single AM between a & b
n
i.e. 
r 1
Ar = nA where A is the single AM between a & b.

GEOMETRIC MEANS
If a, b, c are in GP, b is the GM between a & c.
b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.
n-GEOMETRIC MEANS BETWEEN a, b
If a, b are two given numbers & a, G1, G2, ..... , Gn, b are in GP. Then
G1, G2, G3 , ...., Gn are n GMs between a & b .
G1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 = a(b/a) 2/n+1, ...... , Gn = a(b/a) n/n+1
= ar , = ar² , ...... = arn, where r = (b/a)1/n+1

NOTE : The product of n GMs between a & b is equal to the n th power of the single GM
between a & b
n
i.e. r 1
Gr = (G)n where G is the single GM between a & b.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

HARMONIC MEAN
If a, b, c are in HP, b is the HM between a & c, then b = 2ac/[a + c].

THEOREM
If A, G, H are respectively AM, GM, HM between a & b both being unequal & positive
then,
(i) G² = AH
(ii) A > G > H (G > 0). Note that A, G, H constitute a GP.

ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES
A series each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding term of an AP &
GP is called the Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x3 + .....
Here 1, 3, 5, .... are in AP & 1, x, x2, x3 ..... are in GP.
Standart appearance of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series is
Let S n = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² + ..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1

SIGMA NOTATIONS
THEOREMS
n n n
(i) 
r 1
(ar ± br) = 
r 1
ar ± 
r 1
br.
n n
(ii) 
r 1
k ar = k 
r 1
ar.
n
(iii) 
r 1
k = nk ; where k is a constant.

RESULTS
n
n (n 1)
(i) 
r 1
r=
2
(sum of the first n natural nos.)
n
n (n 1) (2n  1)
(ii) 
r 1
r² =
6
(sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
2
n
n2 (n 1) 2  n 
(iii)  r3 =
4
 r  (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
r 1 r  1 

METHOD OF DIFFERENCE
If T1, T2, T3, ...... , Tn are the terms of a sequence then some times the terms T2  T1,
T3  T2 , ....... constitute an AP/GP. n th term of the series is determined & the sum to n
terms of the sequence can easily be obtained.
Remember that to find the sum of n terms of a series each term of which is composed of
r factors in AP, the first factors of several terms being in the same AP, we “write down the
nth term, affix the next factor at the end, divide by the number of factors thus increased
and by the common difference and add a constant. Determine the value of the constant by
applying the initial conditions”.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

SOLVED EXAMPLE
1. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then
M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the relation : [JEE 2000]
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4

Ans. (A)
Sol. Since, AM  GM, then
(a  b)  (c  d )
 (a  b) (c  d )
2
 M1
Also, (a + b) + (c + d) > 0 ( a, b, c, d > 0)

2. Given that  ,  are roots of the equation, A x2  4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the
equation, B x2  6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
[JEE 2000]

Ans. (A = 8 , B = 8)
Sol. A x2  4 x + 1 = 0
4
  
A
1
 
A
Bx 6 x  1  0
2

6
  
B
1
 
B
Also        are in H.P.
1 1 1 1
 , , , are in A. P.
   
Then, we have :
 1   1 11
        2
   
2    2
    
     
1 A 1
   2  
A 4 2
1 2
    
B B

332
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

6 1 2 6 1 6 2 4
           B  4 2  8
B 2 B B 2 B b B
2 2 1
  
B 8 4
1 1 1 4
    .    
A 4 A A
4
     0
A
Also according to A.P. we have,
1 1 1 1
  
 
 
4 2 4 4 2 4 2
          
A B A A B A 8
4 2 32  2 A
   
A 8 8A
1 2 1 2 1 2
    .    .    
A B A 4 A A
2 32  2 A
 
A 8A
 16  32  2A
 2 A  32  2 A
16
 A 8
2

3. Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a , A 1 , A2 , b are in A.P. ; a , G 1 , G2 , b are in G.P.

GG A  A2 (2a  b)(a  2b)
and a , H1 , H2 , b are in H.P. , show that 1 2  1 
H1H 2 H1  H 2 9ab
[JEE 2002]

Sol. Since, a, A1, A2, b are in AP

 A1 + A 2 = a + b
a, G1, G2, b are in GP
 G1G2 = ab
and a, H1, H2, b are in HP
3ab 3ab
 H1 = , H2 =
2b  a b  2a
1 1 1 1
   
H1 H 2 a b
H1  H 2 A1  A 2 1 1
    ...(i)
H1H 2 G1G 2 a b

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

G1G 2 ab
Now, 
H1H 2  3ab   3ab 
  
 2b  a   b  2a 
(2a  b) (a  2b)
= ...(ii)
9ab
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
G1G 2 A1  A 2 (2a  b) (a  2b)
 
H1H 2 H1  H 2 9ab

p
4. Let a 1, a2, a3, ....., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a 1 = 3 and Sp =  ai, 1  p  100.
i 1
Sm
For any integer n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is
Sn
[JEE 2011]

Ans. (9)
Sol. we know that sum of n terms of AP is given
k
Sk  2a  (k  1)d 
2
5n
Sm S5m 6  (5n  1)d 
So,   2
Sn Sn n
6  ( n  1)d 
2
(6  d )  5nd 
5
(6  d )  n
Sm
is independent of n
Sn
So d = 6
If d = 6 then a2  a1  d  3  6  9
a2  9

13 13  23 13  23  33
5. The sum of first 9 terms of the series   + .... is
1 1 3 1 3  5
[JEE Main 2015]
(A) 192 (B) 71
(C) 96 (D) 142

Ans. (C)
 n3 n2 (n  1)2
Sol. Tn = =
 (2n  1) 4  n2
Tn =
1
4

n2  2n  1 

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

1  n(n  1)(2n  1) 2n(n  1) 

=    n
4  6 2 
1  9  10  19 
=   90  9
4  6 
1
= {285 + 99} = 96
4

2 2 2 2
 3  2   1  4
6. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series 1    2    3  + 42 +  4  + ......,
 5  5   5  5
16
is m, then m is equal to [JEE Mains 2016]
5
(A) 102 (B) 101 (C) 100 (D) 99

Ans. (B)
1 82  122  162  202  242  ......
Sol.  
25
16 22  32  42  52  52  ......  112 
25  

16 11  23  12 
  1
25  6 
16 11  23  12  6  16 6 16
25  6  = 25 × 6 [22 × 23 – 1] = 25 × 505  M = 101


7. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2,...., 101. Suppose logeb1, logeb2,....., logeb101 are in Arithmetic
Progression (A.P.) with the common difference log e2. Suppose a 1, a2, ...., a101 are in A.P.
such that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51.
If t = b1 + b2 + .....+ b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ...... + a51, then [JEE Adv. 2016]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101< b101

Ans. (B)
Sol. b1, b2, b3 ...... b101  G.P. CR=2
a1, a2, a3 ....... a 101  A.P.
a1 = b1 ...(1) a51 = b51 = b1 . 2 50 ...(2)
a51 = a1 + 50d = b1 250 ...(3)
(1  251)
t = b1 = b1 (251 – 1) = 50d
12
51
s= [2a1  (50)d]
2
51 
=
2  1

2b  b1 250  b1 
 
51  2 
= 2b1  (250.b1  b1 )
2  2 
51
s= [2b1  2b1 (250  1)]
2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

51
= [b  250b1]  st
2 1
now a101 = a1 + 100 d
 b 250  b1 
= b1 + 100  1 
 50
 
= b1 (251 – 1)
b101 = b1.2100
 a101  b101

8. The sum
3 13


5  13  23   7  13  23  33   ..... upto 10 th
terms, is [JEE Main 2019]
12 12  22 12  22  32
(A) 660 (B) 620 (C) 680 (D) 600

Ans. (A)
 n n  1 
2

 2n  1  2 
Sol. Tn=
 2n  1 (1  2  ...  n ) =
3 3 3
 

12  22  ...  n2


 n n  1  2n  1 

 6 
n n  1 3 
Tn =
2
3
Sn =
2

 n2  n 
3 3  10  11  21  10  11 
2
 
S10=  12  ......  102  1  .....  10  = 
 2  6
 
2
 =
  
3 10  11  21 
2 2  3  1 = 660
 

9. The sum of the following series

9 12  22  32  12 12  22  32  4 2  15 12  2 2  ....  52 
1 6     ... up to 15 terms,
7 9 11
is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 7820 (B) 7830
(C) 7520 (D) 7510

Ans. (A)

Sol. 1 + 3.2
1
2
 22   3.3 1 2
 22  3 2   3.4 1 2
 22  3 2  4 2 
5 7 9
T2 T3 T4

Tn =

3.n 12  22  ....  n2   3n n n  1 2n  1
 2n  1 6  2n  1
n n n  1
=
2
n  n2
3

2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

 n n  1  2n  1 
1  n n  1 
2

 Sn =    
2  2  6
  

1 15  16  31
= 15  8  
2

2 6 
1
=
2
14400  1240  7820

10. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and the equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and
dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have a common root, then which one of the following statements
is correct? [JEE Main 2019]
d e f
(A) d,e,f are in A.P. (B) , , are in G.P.
a b c
d e f
(C) , , are in A.P. (D) d,e,f are in G.P.
a b c

Ans. (C)
Sol. a,b, c in G.P.
say a, ar, ar2
satisfies ax2 + 2bx + c = 0  x = – r
x = – r is the common root, satisfies second equation d (–r)2 + 2e (– r) + f = 0
c 2ce
 d. –  f 0
a b
d f 2e
  
a c b

11. The greatest positive integer k, for which 49k + 1 is a factor of the sum
49125 + 49124 + ......+ 492 + 49 + 1, is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 32 (B) 60
(C) 65 (D) 63

Ans. (D)

Sol.
(49)126  1

 
(49)3  1 4963  1 
48 48
Clearly, 4963 + 1 is a factor of the sum 49125 + 49124 + ......+ 492 + 49 + 1
hence, k = 63

12. If the first term of an A.P. is 3 and the sum of its first 25 terms is equal to the sum of its
next 15 terms, then the common difference of this A.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 4 7

Ans. (A)
Sol. a=3
25 15
2a  24d  2   a  25d  14d
2 2 
 50a + 600d = 15 [2a + 50d + 14d]

337
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

 20a + 600d = 960d

 60 = 360d
1
d=
6

13. If 210 + 29.31 + 28.32 +.....+ 2.39 + 310 = S – 211, then S is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
311
(A) 311 (B)  210
2
(C) 2.3 11
(D) 311 – 212

Ans. (A)
Sol. let
S’ = 210 + 29 31 + 28 32 +-----+2.39 + 310
3 S ' 311
= 29 × 31 + 28. 32 +---- +310 
2 2
__________________________________
S ' 311
 210 
2 2
S’ = 311 –211
Now S’ = S –211
S = 311

14. Let a, b, c, d and p be any non zero distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2) = 0. Then: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) a, c, p are in G.P. (B) a, b, c, d are in G.P.
(C) a, b, c, d are in A.P. (D) a, c, p are in A.P.

Ans. (B)
Sol. (a2 + b2 + c2)p2 - 2 (ab + bc + cd)p + (b 2 + c2 + d2) = 0
(a2p2 - 2abp + b2] + [b 2p2 - 2bcp + c2] + [ c2p2 - 2cdp + d2] = 0
(ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d)2 = 0

ap = b b c d
bp = c   p
a b c
cp = d
a, b, c, d are in G.P.

15. Let a1, a2, a3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common
difference 2. Also, let b1, b2, b3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in geometric
progression with common ratio 2. If a 1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of
c, for which the equality 2(a1 + a2 + ....... + an) = b1 + b2 + ........+ bn holds for some
positive integer n, is____
[JEE Adv. 2020]

338
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Sequence & progression

Ans. (1.00)
Sol. 2(a1+a2 +......+ an) = b1 + b2 + ... + bn

n
 
2  2a1  n  1 2  = b1
2n  1

 
2  2 1
2n[a1 + (n – 1)] = b1(2 – 1)
n

2na1+ 2n2 – 2n = a1(2n – 1)

a1=
2 n2  n   C1 a1 = c1
2 n
 1  2n 
C1  1



2 n2  n
1

n
2  1  2n
2(n2– n)  2n– 1 – 2n n2– n  0 for n  1
= 2n2+ 1  2n
There for n =1, 2,3,4,5,6
n = 1  C1= 0 (×)
n = 2  C1 < 0 (×)
n = 3  C1 = 12 (correct)
n= 4  C1 = not Integer
n = 5  C1 = not Integer
n = 6  C1 = not Integer
 C1= 12 for n = 3

339