Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 2e: Level 1 Unit 10 Test

Name: ________________________________ Class: ____________ Date: _________

VOCABULARY 1:
Choose the best answer to each question.

____ 1. I like looking at the photos that my sister takes of her children because she captures their joy, energy, and
movement really well.

The word "captures" is closest in meaning to _____.

a. receives
b. records
c. recovers
____ 2. Surprisingly, this image of the countryside in northern Japan reminds me of the place where I grew up in
southern New Zealand.

The phrase "reminds me" probably means _____.

a. changes my view
b. leads to new ideas
c. makes me think
____ 3. This photograph of a father holding his child was taken more than 60 years ago, but it has a timeless
quality that makes it a moving image even today.

The word "quality" is closest in meaning to _____.

a. environment
b. characteristic
c. experience
____ 4. For any photographer, a very important element in taking good pictures is making sure that the light -
which can be natural or artificial - is right.

The phrase "element in" most likely means _____.

a. idea by
b. part of
c. view at
____ 5. A sports photographer needs to keep his or her camera ready at all times because exciting moments on the
field can happen very suddenly.

The word "suddenly" is closest in meaning to _____.

a. again and again
b. at different times
c. without warning

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

____ 6. I thought I had taken some wonderful photographs while I was on vacation, but my friends pointed out
that most of them were out of focus.

The phrase "pointed out" is similar in meaning to _____.

a. exchanged
b. explained
c. extended
____ 7. Joan’s picture won a photography competition; she was presented with her prize - a brand new camera - at
a special ceremony in Los Angeles.

The word "ceremony" is closest in meaning to _____.

a. event
b. place
c. time

____ 8. For my birthday, my friends bought me a black and white photo showing a scene of an eagle flying
between two mountain peaks.

The word "scene" is closest in meaning to _____.

a. copy
b. piece
c. view

VOCABULARY 2:
Choose the best form of the word to complete each sentence.

____ 9. I have a very good __________ with my sister, but not such a good one with my brother.
a. relationship
b. relationships
____ 10. I used __________ to a photography club, but I was never able to go to meetings because I was too busy.
a. belonging
b. to belong
____ 11. It was __________ when I lost my camera, of course. Luckily, I had insurance that covered loss, so I was
able to get a new one.
a. disappointed
b. a disappointment
____ 12. Because there was no wind, the lake was incredibly __________, and the water was so clear that I could
see all the way to the bottom.
a. calm
b. calmer
____ 13. It was an __________ exciting experience to see a black bear in the forest, but also pretty frightening, as
I'm sure you can imagine!
a. incredible
b. incredibly

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

____ 14. I saw a post on Facebook about a new photography exhibition in town, so I __________ booked a couple
of tickets.
a. immediate
b. immediately
____ 15. Sometimes it feels like every time I turn on the television there is some __________ news from
somewhere in the world.
a. frightened
b. frightening

READING REVIEW:
The questions refer to Reading 1 from Unit 10.

Review the reading passage. Then complete the sentences by writing TWO WORDS from the
reading for each answer.

HOW PHOTOGRAPHY CONNECTS US

One day some years ago, David Griffin was at a beach watching his son swimming in the water.
Suddenly, a big wave caught the boy and started to pull him out to sea. As Griffin ran to help his son, time
seemed to slow down. The scene froze. Griffin can still remember what the moment felt like. "There's a
wave about to crash onto him," he says. "I can see his hands reaching out, and I can see his face in terror,
looking at me, saying, 'Help me, Dad.'"
Griffin was able to help his son out of the water and both were fine. But Griffin will never forget
the details of the event. For Griffin, it is an example of a "flashbulb memory." In a flashbulb memory, all
the elements of an event come together. These elements include both the event and the viewer's emotions
as the event is happening. In these situations, time slows down and details become very clear.
Today, Griffin is an award-winning photography director. He believes that a great photograph is
like a flashbulb memory. It copies the way the mind works when something important is happening. It
shows the event, and also the story and feelings behind the event. "I believe that photography can make a
real connection to people," says Griffin. In other words, we do not just see the event in a photo. We also
feel an emotional connection with it.
The best professional photojournalists, says Griffin, "create a visual narrative." That is, they know
how to use pictures to tell a story. Here are some examples.
The 2007 photo above by Brent Stirton features a 225-kilogram silverback gorilla called
Senkwekwe. Several gorillas were killed illegally that year. The photo shows villagers carrying
Senkwekwe from Virunga Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to a special burial place.
The photo had a powerful impact around the world. People became more aware of the dangers
facing wild animals. "This photograph changed everything for me," Stirton said. "[It] got a much bigger
response than anything that I'd shot before to do with people. The gorillas were seen as true innocents."
In 2005, Randy Olson traveled to central Africa's Ituri Forest for a photo story. His goal was to
photograph a pygmy tribe called the Mbuti. Pygmies are some of the shortest people in the world - most
adult males are less than 4 feet 11 inches (150 centimeters) tall. They are also very difficult to reach, as
they live deep inside the forest. In the foreground of the image below is a blind, young Mbuti boy. He is
getting ready for a ceremony to mark the beginning of his life as an adult. Behind him is a young Mbuti
girl. "I love this photograph because it reminds me of Degas's bronze sculptures of a little dancer," says
Griffin.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

The image above was taken in 2016 by amateur photographer Son Truong. He photographed a
woman in the Vietnamese countryside working while her daughter played on a swing. Although many of
the most powerful images are taken by professional photographers, Griffin points out that amateur
photographers can also capture a special moment. "The quality of amateur photographs can at times be
amazing," he says. "Everyone has at least one, maybe two, great photos in them."

16. David Griffin stopped his son from being pulled out to sea by a _________________________.

17. Griffin uses the term "_________________________" to describe events that are hard to forget because
all the elements of the event come together.

18. Griffin describes the _________________________ to an event that people can feel when they see a
photograph of it.

19. Griffin says that the greatest photojournalists use pictures to create a _________________________.

20. A photograph by Brent Stirton shows a heavy gorilla being carried by people from a village in the DRC to
a _________________________.

21. Stirton's photo had a _________________________ globally because it made people recognize the
innocence of gorillas.

22. Randy Olson likes his own photo of a Mbuti girl because of its similarity to some well-known
_________________________by the artist Degas.

23. Griffin says most great photos are taken by professionals, but that _________________________ are also
capable of taking amazing shots, too.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

READING PRACTICE:
Read the passage and answer the questions below.

A Some photographs are funny, others are serious. Some show movement and energy,
others show stillness and peace. And a few - very few, in fact - have the power to change
how humans see the world.
B The very first of these photographs is View from the Window at Le Gras by Joseph
Niepce back in 1826. The word photography comes from two Greek words meaning light
and write; Niepce's image was the very first time that a human being had used light from
the sun to produce an image. Although this picture is important, the subject matter is
not very striking - it shows a wall and part of a rooftop with a chimney. This picture
led to the development of modern photography and introduced a new art form to the world.

C Another photograph that changed our perception of the world is one of a series of shots
of a running horse taken by Eadweard Muybridge in 1878. Muybridge's photograph
showed all four of the horse's legs in the air at the same time, making the creature look as if
it were flying. Until this photograph was taken, people believed that at least one of a
horse's legs must be in contact with the ground. With this picture, Muybridge showed that
humans could use photography as a tool to learn about the natural world.
D In the United States in the 1930s, many people suffered as a result of the economic
disaster called the Great Depression. Photographer Dorothea Lange put a human face to
this situation by taking a powerful picture of a 32-year-old woman called Florence Owens
Thompson and her children. Thompson's husband had died and she was having a hard time
finding enough work to afford food for her children. After the photo by Lange was
published under the title Migrant Mother, attitudes towards those affected by the Great
Depression changed, and the government quickly provided food and other aid to help these
unfortunates.
E The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has published numerous photos that
have had a big impact on the world. One of the first, and arguably still the most powerful,
is a photo from 1968 called Earthrise. This was taken from close to the surface of the
moon and shows the blue ball of the Earth hanging in the blackness of space. This photo,
and others like it, made clear to people not just how beautiful our planet is, but also how
important it is for us all to take care of it. Another NASA photo, this one taken in 2005 and
called Sunset on Mars, has also had an impact. This photo is seen by some as a symbol that
though humans must still live on the Earth, one day we might survive on other planets.

____ 24. Look at the three squares () that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Why was such a boring picture so important?
Where would the sentence best fit?
a. Position A
b. Position B
c. Position C
____ 25. The word "striking" in paragraph B is closest in meaning to ____.
a. interesting
b. demanding
c. frightening

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

____ 26. The word "it" in paragraph C refers to ____.
a. creature
b. time
c. air
____ 27. Why does the author describe the belief on many people that one of a horse's legs must be in contact with
the ground in paragraph C?
a. to explain why Muybridge found it difficult to take his photograph
b. to illustrate how Muybridge’s photograph revealed new knowledge
c. to suggest that people were taught incorrect information in the 1870s
____ 28. The word "suffered" in paragraph D is closest in meaning to ____.
a. encouraged movement
b. enjoyed opportunities
c. experienced hardship
____ 29. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph D?
(The incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.)
a. Lange's photo led to positive changes in attitudes among people and politicians.
b. Mothers who save Lange's photo persuaded the government to provide food aid.
c. People were affected less by the Great Depression after Lange's photo was shot.
____ 30. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph E?
(The incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.)
a. Beautiful photos like Earthrise are important as symbols of our planet.
b. Earthrise helped people recognize two important truths about our world.
c. People who saw Earthrise were impressed by how clearly it showed the Earth.
____ 31. In paragraph E, the author makes all of the following points EXCEPT:
a. More than two NASA photographs have had a big effect on people.
b. The aim of NASA is to encourage humans to move to other worlds.
c. The photos Earthrise and Sunset on Mars were not taken on Earth.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

READING SKILL REVIEW - IDENTIFYING SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS:
Subordinating conjunctions show the relationships between clauses in a sentence. Some
conjunctions, such as after or until, show time relationships. Others, such as although or while, show
contrast.

Look at the passage about important photographs. Then answer the questions.

A Some photographs are funny, others are serious. Some show movement and energy,
others show stillness and peace. And a few - a very few, in fact - have the power to change
how humans see the world.
B The very first of these photographs is View from the Window at Le Gras by Joseph
Niepce back in 1826. The word photography comes from two Greek words meaning light
and write; Niepce's image was the very first time that a human being had used light from
the sun to produce an image. Although this picture is important, the subject matter is not
very striking - it shows a wall and part of a rooftop with a chimney. This picture led to the
development of modern photography and introduced a new art form to the world.
C Another photograph that changed our perception of the world is one of a series of shots
of a running horse taken by Eadweard Muybridge in 1878. Muybridge's photograph
showed all four of the horse's legs in the air at the same time, making the creature look as if
it were flying. Until this photograph was taken, people believed that at least one of a
horse's legs must be in contact with the ground. With this picture, Muybridge showed that
humans could use photography as a tool to learn about the natural world.
D In the United States in the 1930s, many people suffered as a result of the economic
disaster called the Great Depression. Photographer Dorothea Lange put a human face to
this situation by taking a powerful picture of a 32-year-old woman called Florence Owens
Thompson and her children. Thompson's husband had died and she was having a hard time
finding enough work to afford food for her children. After the photo by Lange was
published under the title Migrant Mother, attitudes towards those affected by the Great
Depression changed, and the government quickly provided food and other aid to help these
unfortunates.
E The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has published numerous photos that
have had a big impact on the world. One of the first, and arguably still the most powerful,
is a photo from 1968 called Earthrise. This was taken from close to the surface of the
moon and shows the blue ball of the Earth hanging in the blackness of space. This photo,
and others like it, made clear to people not just how beautiful our planet is, but also how
important it is for us all to take care of it. Another NASA photo, this one taken in 2005 and
called Sunset on Mars, has also had an impact. This photo is seen by some as a symbol that
though humans must still live on the Earth, one day we might survive on other planets.

____ 32. Which sentence in paragraph B contains a subordinating conjunction of contrast?

a. The word photography comes from two Greek words meaning light and write; Niepce's
image was the very first time that a human being had used light from the sun to produce an
image.
b. Although this picture is important, the subject matter is not very striking - it shows a wall
and part of a rooftop with a chimney.
c. This picture led to the development of modern photography and introduced a new art form
to the world.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

____ 33. Which sentence in paragraph C contains a subordinating conjunction of time?
a. Muybridge's photograph showed all four of the horse's legs in the air at the same time,
making the creature look as if it were flying.
b. Until this photograph was taken, people believed that at least one of a horse's legs must be
in contact with the ground.
c. With this picture, Muybridge showed that humans could use photography as a tool to learn
about the natural world.
____ 34. Which sentence in paragraph D contains a subordinating conjunction of time?
a. Photographer Dorothea Lange put a human face to this situation by taking a powerful
picture of a 32-year-old woman called Florence Owens Thompson and her children.
b. Thompson's husband had died and she was having a hard time finding enough work to
afford food for her children.
c. After the photo by Lange was published under the title Migrant Mother, attitudes towards
those affected by the Great Depression changed, and the government quickly provided
food and other aid to help these unfortunates.
____ 35. Which sentence in paragraph E contains a subordinating conjunction of contrast?
a. This photo, and others like it, made clear to people not just how beautiful our planet is, but
also how important it is for us all to take care of it.
b. Another NASA photo, this one taken in 2005 and called Sunset on Mars, has also had an
impact.
c. This photo is seen by some as a symbol that though humans must still live on the Earth,
one day we might survive on other planets.

WRITING SKILL REVIEW - WRITING AN OPINION PARAGRAPH:

Opinion paragraphs express your view - or the view of somebody else - about a topic. They typically
begin with a topic sentence that states your view. The paragraph typically has one or more
supporting reasons, and each reason is usually supported with an example or explanation.

Put the sentences in order to make an opinion paragraph. Write a-e in the spaces.

a. According to some research, women who often look at selfies have a more negative view of their
bodies.
b. For another thing, I worry that looking at selfies can make people feel bad about themselves.
c. For instance, I read in a blog post that some people might spend almost 50 hours a year taking selfies.
d. For one thing, I really believe spending so much time taking pictures of oneself is a waste of time.
e. These days, many people love taking photographs of themselves, but in my view this is a silly habit.

36.
Topic Sentence _____
First Reason _____
First Example _____
Second Reason _____
Second Example _____

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING REVIEW - DESCRIBING PHOTOGRAPHS:
Describing spatial relationships is especially useful if you are describing a photograph. Most spatial
expressions use prepositions.

Choose the best words from the options in parentheses to complete each sentence. Then write the
full sentence in the space below.

37. This photo shows a (crying / smiling) driver (inside / outside) a car.
________________________________________________________________

(Source: Pixabay)

38. This photo shows a (joyful / serious) child sitting (on / near) a bench.
________________________________________________________________

(Source: Pixabay)

39. This photo shows a(n) (happy / upset) young woman standing (in front of / on top of) a door.
________________________________________________________________

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

(Source: Pixabay)

40. This photo shows (an excited-looking / a serious-looking) young boy sitting (near / under) an umbrella.
________________________________________________________________

(Source: Pixabay)

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

WRITING PRACTICE 1:
Write full sentences in answer to these questions.

41. Why do you think photo-sharing apps and websites like Flickr and Instagram are so popular?

__________________________________________________________________

42. Do you often take selfies? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________________

43. Do you prefer color or black and white photos? Why?

__________________________________________________________________

44. Are you most interested in photos of people or photos of landscapes? Why?

__________________________________________________________________

45. Which do you enjoy looking at more: photographs, paintings, or sculptures? Why?

__________________________________________________________________

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

WRITING PRACTICE 2:

(Source: Pixabay)

46. Which of the photos above do you think is the most powerful and interesting? Why? Support your opinion
with reasons and examples or explanations. Write at least 100 words.

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

UNIT 10: THE POWER OF IMAGES
Answer Section
1. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
2. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
6. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 1 MSC: TOEFL
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
10. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
11. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
12. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
13. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
15. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Vocabulary 2
16. ANS: big wave

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
17. ANS: flashbulb memory

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
18. ANS:
emotional connection
real connection

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

19. ANS: visual narrative

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
20. ANS: burial place

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
21. ANS: powerful impact

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
22. ANS: bronze sculptures

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
23. ANS: amateur photographers

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Reading Review

MSC: IELTS
24. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
25. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
26. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
27. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
28. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
29. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
30. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
31. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
32. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Subordinating Conjunctions
33. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Subordinating Conjunctions
34. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Subordinating Conjunctions
35. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Subordinating Conjunctions
36. ANS:
e, d, c, b, a

PTS: 5 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10

TOP: Writing Skill Review - Writing an Opinion Paragraph

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

37. ANS:
This photo shows a smiling driver inside a car.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Describing Spatial Relationships
38. ANS:
This photo shows a serious child sitting on a bench.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Describing Spatial Relationships
39. ANS:
This photo shows a happy young woman standing in front of a door.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Describing Spatial Relationships
40. ANS:
This photo shows a serious-looking young boy sitting near an umbrella.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Describing Spatial Relationships
41. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Writing Practice 1

42. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Writing Practice 1

43. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Writing Practice 1

44. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Writing Practice 1

45. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Writing Practice 1

46. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 5 REF: PWRW1, Unit 10 TOP: Writing Practice 2

© 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company