PHYSICAL SCIENCE

FIRST SEMESTER
11
Module 2

Exploring Polarity of Molecules and

its Properties

By:
Beverly Joy O. Lorenzo, MATS
Horacio Dela Costa High School

Most Essential Learning Competency: Determine if a molecule is polar or

non-polar given its structure ( S11/12PS-IIIc-15), Relate the polarity of molecules
to its properties (S11/12PS-IIIc-16)
To the Learners

Before starting this module, I want you to divert your commitment and attention in
accomplishing this module while having fun. As general guide in utilizing this module,
carefully read the set of instructions listed below for you to be guided on how to
successfully attain the objectives of this kit.

1. Read and carefully follow all the guidelines, contents, procedures, and instructions
indicated in every page of this module.

2. This module provides provisions where you can write your answers.

3. Write key concepts and notable ideas you will encounter while using this module on
your notebook to enhance your acquisition of key concept from each lesson.

4. Perform and accomplish all the learning tasks and activities in the module.

5. Coordinate with your teacher for clarifications, misconceptions and elaboration of the
lessons and learning tasks.

6. Enjoy while utilizing this module and have fun learning!

Expectations

In this module, you will investigate the structure and properties of polar and non-polar
molecules and relate the polarity of a molecule to its property.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

1. Compare and contrast polar and non-polar molecule;

2. Identify the polarity of a molecule based on its structure; and
3. Appreciate the importance of different molecules in relation to its polarity by citing
examples.

1
Pretest
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank
provided before the number.

____1. Which of the following statement is TRUE about water?

A. It is a Polar molecule C. It is a both Polar & Non-Polar

B. It is a Non-polar molecule D. It has no Polarity

____2. Which of the following will be the solvent if a nonpolar substance dissolves in an unknown
liquid?

A. Non-polar B. Polar C. Water D. All of the above

____3. Which of the following is a shape a non-polar molecule will form?

A. Asymmetrical B. Symmetrical C. Square D. Octagonal

____4. Which of the following is an example of non-polar molecule?

A. CO2 B. H2O C. NH3 D. SO2

____5. Which of the following is an example of polar molecule?

A. CO2 B. BF3 C. CCl4 D. XeF4

Looking Back
Directions: Based on your understanding about the formation of heavier elements during stellar
nucleosynthesis, complete the table below by writing the reactants and chemical equations of the
following elements.

Reactant 1 Reactant 2 Atomic # Mass # Chemical Equation Product

Helium Ti
Helium Ar
Helium Si
Helium Cr
Helium Mg

2
Brief Introduction
Polarity of Molecules

Polarity refers to having a positive or negative end or dipole. This happens when the
distribution of electron in an atom of a compound is either equally distributed or unevenly scattered

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throughout the molecule. Based on polarity, molecules can be classified as to polar and non-
polar. Furthermore, polarity is a physical of a molecule which affect and influence the behavior of
a molecule. In addition, the polarity of a molecule can be determined by its shape.

.Polar molecules are dipoles. Their charges usually do not add up to zero (or do not
cancel out). One example for this is carbon monoxide. In addition, electrons in a polar covalent
bond are unequally shared between the two bonded atoms, which causes a partial positive and
negative charges. This separation of the charges is responsible in its polarity. Lastly, a polar
molecule results when a molecule contains polar bonds in an unsymmetrical arrangement (Bent,
Trigonal pyramidal and linear). Non-polar molecules do not have charged ends. This is due to
the cancelation of dipole of moment of a molecule leading equal electronegativity. Methane is one
of the examples of nonpolar molecules. In addition, nonpolar molecules can be classified into two.
The first organic compound is made up of molecule whose atoms have equal electronegativity
causing its dipole moment to cancel. While the second type of nonpolar molecule has polar bonds,
but the molecular geometry is symmetrical (linear, tetrahedral) allowing the bond dipoles to cancel
each other.

3
Polarity of Molecules and Its Properties

Properties of different molecules can be attributed to their polarity. One of the most
common manifestations of these molecular
properties is solubility and miscibility. Solubility
refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve
(solute) in another substance (solvent). On the
other hand, miscibility refers to the ability of a
substance to usually liquids to mix in all proportion.

Polarity has a direct effect on the solubility

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nonpolar substances. This is due to the attractive and repulsive forces between molecules in
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mixture. In relation to polarity, structure, and properties of different molecules, the general rule
“like dissolves like” and “like mixes well with like” must be taken into account to have a
betterunderstanding of molecular properties in relation to polarity. The practical application of the
above-mentioned principle is when different substances mix well due to their similar polarity. One
notable example of his is vinegar mixes well with water since both water and vinegar are polar
substances.

Boiling Point and change in physical state refer to a physical property of a

substance/molecule which is greatly determined by the molecular arrangement and molecular
polarity. In addition, molecules have varied boiling points due to the differences in polarity of
molecules and the functional group attached to it. Under this principle, the greater the force of
attraction between a molecule, the higher the boiling point or the greater the polarity of the
molecule, the higher the boiling point. One best example for this property is water having a polar-
dipole attraction between a molecule, a strong force keeping Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules in
liquid state until 1000C is reached. In addition, the strength of attraction and polarity of molecules
will determine how tolerant a molecule is when exposed to head. Lastly, polar molecules have a
high boiling point as compared to non-polar molecules since polar molecules have a greater force
of attraction as compared to a non-polar molecules.

Activity 1
Directions: Illustrate the Lewis dot structures; name shape of the structure formed and identify
whether the following molecules are polar or non-polar based on structure.

Molecule/Compound Lewis Dot Structure Shape Polarity

NI3

H2O
4
N2O

HF

NCl3

CO

CHN

CH4

SO2

Activity 2
Activity Objective

Investigate the solubility and miscibility of several substances using water as the solvent.
In addition, describe what is happening at the molecular level for each setup. Lastly, identify the
polarity of the substances based on the result of each setup.

Materials: 5 plastic half way filled with water, 5 ml of denatured alcohol, 5 ml of cooking oil, 5 ml
of soy sauce, 5 ml of ethyl alcohol and 5 ml of shampoo.

Safety Guidelines:

1. Ensure that you will perform this activity in a clean table and with complete materials.

2. Always follow the given procedures and do not deviate from the instructions

3. Clean and dispose the materials properly after the activity.

PREDICTION OBSERVATION EXPLANATION

5
Instructions:

Fill each cup halfway full of water then add 5 ml of each substance to each cup. Observe
and record your findings.

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the following substances are miscible in water? Explain

2. Based on the activity, which among the substances are polar and non-polar? Explain your
answer and relate the properties of the molecule/substance to their polarity

3. Relate the result of the activity to your understanding about the polarity of molecules.

Activity 3
Directions: Relate the different molecular properties below to your understanding about
molecular polarity.

Property Explanation
Solubility
Boiling Point
Miscibility

Remember
 Asymmetry refers to molecule having no axis of symmetry and that the original state and
rotated state is distinguishable from one another.

 Immiscible refers to a property of liquid which is incapability to be mixed with other liquids
to form a homogenous substance which is influenced by polarity of molecule a particular
substance is made of.

 Poles refers to two electrically charged regions on both ends of a molecule similar to a
magnet being dipoles.

 Symmetry refers to a property of molecule whose structure does not change if you turn
its axis of symmetry and that the original state and rotated state is indistinguishable from
one another.

6
Check Your Understanding
Directions: Based on your understanding about polarity of molecules, its structure and
properties, complete the table below by citing

Molecule Molecular Polarity Water Miscible on High

Shape Soluble? Water? Boiling
Point?
CH4
SO2
N2
02
O3
NCl3
H2O
HF
N2

Post-Test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank
provided before the number.

____1. Which of the following will be the solvent if a nonpolar substance dissolves in an unknown
liquid?

A. Water B. Polar C. Non-polar D. All of the above

____2. Which of the Following is an example of polar molecule?

A. O3 B. N2 C. CS2 D. SO2

____3. Which of the following is a common structure of a non-polar molecule?

A. Bent B. T. pyramidal C. Linear D. Trigonal planar

____4. Which of the following is TRUE about boiling point of polar molecules?

A. High B. Low C. Similar D. Can’t be determine

____5. Which of the following is TRUE about H2O?

7
A. Polar B. Low Boiling Point C. Non-Polar D. Linear structure

Reflection
Directions: Based on your understanding about the different lessons presented in this module,
express your critical and creative understanding of each lesson by accomplishing this Reflective
Learning Sheet and answering the questions inside the boxes. Good Luck and Have fun
answering!

In this module I learned that………..

This module enlighten me about………..

This module inspired and motivated me to learn more about……

The values I acquired from this module are….