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Unit-5 Multithreading

This document provides an index and overview of topics related to core Java and applets, including an introduction to applets and their structure, common applet methods, and using graphics classes within applets. It also covers multi-threading in Java, including an introduction to threads, the thread lifecycle, creating new threads by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface, thread priorities, and advantages of multithreading. Code examples are provided for various threading concepts.

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30 views

Unit-5 Multithreading

This document provides an index and overview of topics related to core Java and applets, including an introduction to applets and their structure, common applet methods, and using graphics classes within applets. It also covers multi-threading in Java, including an introduction to threads, the thread lifecycle, creating new threads by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface, thread priorities, and advantages of multithreading. Code examples are provided for various threading concepts.

Uploaded by

egadydqmdctlfzhnkb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GLS UNIVERSITY

SEM – III
0301301 - CORE JAVA

Dr. Disha Shah


Prof. Neha Vaswani
Index
Applets
Multi-threading
●
Introduction
●
Introduction ●
Applet class
●
Thread Life cycle ●
Applet Life cycle
●
Applet Structure
●
java.lang.Thread ●
Common methods
●
Main thread – drawString()
– setBackground()
●
Creation of New Thread – setForeground()
– showStatus()
– By inheriting Thread class ●
Applet using Graphic class
– By implementing Runnable – drawLine()
interface – setColor() and setFont()
– drawOval() and fillOval()
– Thread Priorities – drawRect() and fillRect()
Unit – 5
Multithreading in Java
Multithreading in Java
●
Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple
threads simultaneously.
●
Thread is basically a lightweight sub-process, a smallest
unit of processing.
●
Multiprocessing and multithreading, both are used to achieve
multitasking.
●
But we use multithreading than multiprocessing because
threads share a common memory area.
●
They don't allocate separate memory area so saves memory,
and context-switching between the threads takes less time
than process.
●
Java Multithreading is mostly used in games, animation etc.
Multithreading in Java
Advantages of Java Multithreading

●
It doesn't block the user because threads are independent
and you can perform multiple operations at same time.
●
You can perform many operations together so it saves
time.
●
Threads are independent so it doesn't affect other threads
if exception occur in a single thread.
Multitasking

●
Multitasking is a process of executing multiple tasks
simultaneously. We use multitasking to utilize the CPU.
●
Multitasking can be achieved by two ways:
1) Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing)
2) Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)
Multitasking

1) Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing)


●
Each process have its own address in memory i.e. each process
allocates separate memory area.
●
Process is heavyweight.
●
Cost of communication between the process is high.
●
Switching from one process to another require some time for saving
and loading registers, memory maps, updating lists etc.
2) Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)
●
Threads share the same address space.
●
Thread is lightweight.
●
Cost of communication between the thread is low.
●
At least one process is required for each thread.
What is Thread in java?

●
A thread is a lightweight sub process, a smallest unit
of processing.
●
It is a separate path of execution.
●
Threads are independent, if there occurs exception in one
thread, it doesn't affect other threads.
●
It shares a common memory area.
●
At a time one thread is executed only.
What is Thread in java
Life cycle of a Thread (Thread States)

●
A thread can be in one of the five states.
●
The life cycle of the thread in java is controlled by JVM.
●
The java thread states are as follows:
– New
– Runnable
– Running
– Non-Runnable (Blocked)
– Terminated
Life cycle of a Thread
Life cycle of a Thread
Life cycle of a Thread

New: The thread is in new state if you create an instance


of Thread class but before the invocation of start() method.
Runnable: The thread is in runnable state after invocation
of start() method, but the thread scheduler has not
selected it to be the running thread.
Running: The thread is in running state if the thread
scheduler has selected it.
Non-Runnable (Blocked): This is the state when the thread
is still alive, but is currently not eligible to run.
Terminated: A thread is in terminated or dead state when
its run() method exits.
How to create thread

●
There are two ways to create a thread:
●
By extending Thread class
●
By implementing Runnable interface.
How to create thread

●
Thread class:
●
Thread class provide constructors and methods to create
and perform operations on a thread.
●
Thread class extends Object class and implements
Runnable interface.
●
Commonly used Constructors of Thread class:
Thread()
Thread(String name)
Thread(Runnable r)
Thread(Runnable r,String name)
Commonly used methods of Thread class:
●
public void run()
is used to perform action for a thread (entry point for a
thread).
●
public void start()
starts the execution of the thread. JVM calls the run()
method on the thread.
●
public void sleep(long miliseconds)
Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily
cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds.
●
public void join(long miliseconds)
waits for a thread to die for the specified miliseconds.
Commonly used methods of Thread class:
●
public int getPriority()
returns the priority of the thread.
●
public int setPriority(int priority)
changes the priority of the thread.
●
public String getName()
returns the name of the thread.
●
public void setName(String name)
changes the name of the thread.
●
public Thread currentThread()
returns the reference of currently executing thread.
●
public int getId()
returns the id of the thread.
Commonly used methods of Thread class:
●
public Thread.State getState()
returns the state of the thread.
●
public boolean isAlive()
tests if the thread is alive.
●
public void yield()
causes the currently executing thread object to temporarily pause and allow
other threads to execute.
●
public void suspend()
is used to suspend the thread.
●
public void resume()
is used to resume the suspended thread.
●
public void stop()
is used to stop the thread.
Runnable interface:

●
The Runnable interface should be implemented by any
class whose instances are intended to be executed by a
thread.
●
Runnable interface have only one method named run().
public void run(): is used to perform action for a thread.
●
The most common use case of the Runnable interface is
when we want only to override the run method.
●
When a thread is started by the object of any class which
is implementing Runnable, then it invokes the run method
in the separately executing thread.
Runnable interface:

Steps to create a new Thread using Runnable :


1. Create a Runnable implementer and implement run() method.
2. Instantiate Thread class and pass the implementer to the
Thread, Thread has a constructor which accepts Runnable
instance.
3. Invoke start() of Thread instance, start internally calls run() of
the implementer. Invoking start(), creates a new Thread which
executes the code written in run().
Calling run() directly doesn’t create and start a new Thread, it will
run in the same thread. To start a new line of execution, call
start() on the thread.
Differences between Thread class and
Runnable interface
●
The significant differences between extending Thread
class and implementing Runnable interface:
●
When we extend Thread class, we can’t extend any other
class even we require and When we implement Runnable,
we can save a space for our class to extend any other
class in future or now.
●
When we extend Thread class, each of our thread creates
unique object and associate with it. When we implements
Runnable, it shares the same object to multiple threads.
Priority of a Thread (Thread Priority)
●
Each thread have a priority.
●
Priorities are represented by a number between 1 and 10.
●
In most cases, thread schedular schedules the threads according to their
priority.
●
But it is not guaranteed because it depends on JVM specification that
which scheduling it chooses.
●
3 constants defiend in Thread class:
●
public static int MIN_PRIORITY
●
public static int NORM_PRIORITY
●
public static int MAX_PRIORITY
●
Default priority of a thread is 5 (NORM_PRIORITY).
●
The value of MIN_PRIORITY is 1 and the value of MAX_PRIORITY is 10.
●
Thread1.java
●
Thread1_2.java
●
Thread1_3.java
●
Thread2.java
●
Thread2.java
●
Thread3.java
●
Thread3_1.java
●
Thread4.java
●
Thread5.java
●
Thread6.java
●
Thread61.java

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