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Physics Handouts 1

The Greeks considered there to be three types of terrestrial motion: 1) Geocentric model where the Earth is at the center, proposed by Pythagoreans, Aristotle, and Ptolemy, 2) Heliocentric model where the Sun is at the center, proposed by Copernicus, 3) Tycho Brahe favored an Earth-centered model different from Ptolemy's, while Johannes Kepler used Tycho's observations to develop his Three Laws of Planetary Motion, and Galileo favored Copernicus's heliocentric theory based on his astronomical observations using a telescope.

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29 views

Physics Handouts 1

The Greeks considered there to be three types of terrestrial motion: 1) Geocentric model where the Earth is at the center, proposed by Pythagoreans, Aristotle, and Ptolemy, 2) Heliocentric model where the Sun is at the center, proposed by Copernicus, 3) Tycho Brahe favored an Earth-centered model different from Ptolemy's, while Johannes Kepler used Tycho's observations to develop his Three Laws of Planetary Motion, and Galileo favored Copernicus's heliocentric theory based on his astronomical observations using a telescope.

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Ram Gazer
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PHYSICAL SCIENCE 3RD QUARTER

OBJECTIVES:

Explain what the Greeks considered to be the three types of terrestrial motion.

LESSON 1: GREEK VIEWS OF MATTER, MOTION AND THE UNIVERSE

EARLY MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE


- Proposed by the Greeks

1. Geocentric model- “ EARTH IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE”

Pythagoreans (500B.C.)
 He believed that the stars, planets, sun, and moon were
attached to crystalline spheres which rotated around the earth.

 Geocentric- everything moved around the earth.

Aristotle (350 B.C.)

 -Believed the Earth is motionless at the center of the


universe and all the stars and planets revolved around it.

1
Ptolemy (140 A.D.)

 Expanded Aristotle’s theories to try to account for “


retrograde motion” of the planets.
 Planets traveled in smaller circular paths as they traveled
around the earth ( Geocentric)

2. Heliocentric model- “ It is the model of the universe which assumes the SUN AS THE
CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE”

Copernicus (1543)

 Sun at the center of the universe and the planets orbit the sun.

2
Tycho Brahe (1600)

 Favored an Earth-centered universe different from Ptolemy’s


Theory.
 Thought that other planets revolved around the sun, and
that the sun and moon revolved around the Earth.
 His theory was incorrect, but made many precise observation
of planets and stars.
 Geocentric

Johannes Kepler (1609)

 Assistant of Tycho Brahe


 Mathematician
 Used Tycho’s observation data to develp laws of planetary motion.
 KEPLER’S 3 LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTIONS
-LAW OF Ellipses
-LAW OF Equal Areas
- LAW OF Periods

Galileo Galilei (1609)

 First person to use telescope for astronomical obsevations


 Discoveries:
- Galilean Satellites (Jupiter’s moons)
- Craters on the moon
- Sunspots on the Sun
- Phases of Venus
- Favored Copernicus’s theory over
Ptolemy

3
Isaac Newton (1687)
 Explained why planets orbit the Sun, and why moons orbit
planets.
 Newton’s Law of Motion
 Newton’s Law of Gravitation
 Completed the work of Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo

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