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Cloud computing project
report
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Naveed Farooq
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Published on Apr 28, 2014
This is a report of our project on Cloud Computing. Hope you
guys will get help from our
...

Published in: Internet, Technology, Business

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Cloud computing project report

1. 1. ITM Project Report Topic: CLOUD COMPUTING

Syed Muhammad Hassan Zaidi Submitted to: Submitted
by: Ali Yousuf ------------ 2112 Naveed ----------------
2042 Salman Ahmed ------- 1992 Zubair Munawar ------
2541
2. 2. 1 | P a g e Cloud Computing ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are really thankful to our teacher Sir Syed Hassan
Zaidi for giving us the chance to present ourselves and
does some research work regarding the latest technology
in IT. At the same time his lectures in the class have been
very informative and help us to understand about IT. We
are also like to thanks all our colleagues and their efforts
for providing us full support, encouragement and valuable
guidance. Sincere regards Ali Yousuf Naveed Salman
Ahmed Zubair Munawar
3. 3. 2 | P a g e Cloud Computing LETTER OF
TRANSMITTAL APRIL 27, 2014. SYED Hassan Zaidi
ITM - Course Instructor Iqra University Dear Sir, This is
the project report based on the topic "Cloud Computing",
as requested by yourself, is being submitted to you as part
of our assignment. The report has been prepared keeping
in mind the topic Cloud Computing and covers it service
models, deployment models, benefits and challenges. The
:
report is constructed by the group members name and
registration ID’s of them are listed below. ALI NAVEED
SALMAN ZUBAIR (2112) (2042) (1992) (2541)
4. 4. 3 | P a g e Cloud Computing Table of Contents
Introduction 4 History 6 Cloud Computing 9
Characteristics of Cloud Computing 11 Types of Cloud
Computing 13 Deployment Models 17 Where is the
Cloud Going 19 Why Now 20 Benefits of Cloud
Computing 22 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing 24
Challenges face by Cloud Computing 27 Conclusion 29
Preparing for the future 30 Further Readings 31
5. 5. 4 | P a g e Cloud Computing Cloud Computing
Introduction: Cloud computing is Internet based
development and use of computer technology. In concept,
it is a paradigm shift whereby details are abstracted from
the users who no longer need knowledge of, expertise in,
or control over the technology infrastructure "in the
cloud" that sup ports them. It typically involves the
delivery of dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources as a service over the Internet. The term cloud is
used as a symbol for the Internet. Typical cloud
computing services provide common business
applications online that are accessed from a web browser,
while the software and data are stored on the servers.
These services are broadly divided into three categories:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service
(PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The name cloud
computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that is often
used to represent the Internet in flow charts and diagrams.
"Cloud Computing" refers to the use of Internet based
computer technology for a variety of services. It is a style
of computing in which virtualized resources are provided
as a service over the Internet on a pay-per- use basis. All
the costs associated with setting up a data center such as
procuring a building, hardware, redundant power supply,
cooling systems, upgrading electrical supply, and
maintaining a separate Disaster Recovery site can be
passed on to a third party vendor. Since the customer is
charged only for computer services used, cloud
computing costs are much less than others.
6. 6. 5 | P a g e Cloud Computing The cloud when combined
with "computing," the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier.
Some analysts and vendors define cloud computing
narrowly as an updated version of utility computing:
basically virtual servers available over the Internet.
:
Others go very broad, arguing anything we consume
outside the firewall is "in the cloud," including
conventional outsourcing. Cloud computing comes into
focus only when we think about what IT always needs: a
way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly
without investing in new infrastructure, training new
personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing
encompasses any subscription-based or pay- per-use
service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's
existing capabilities.
7. 7. 6 | P a g e Cloud Computing History: Computing
started off with the mainframe era. There were big
mainframes and everyone connected to them via “dumb”
terminals. This old model of business computing was
frustrating for the people sitting at the dumb terminals
because they could do only what they were “authorized”
to do. They were dependent on the computer
administrators to give them permission or to fix their
problems. They had no way of staying up to the latest
innovations. The personal computer was a revolution
against the dictatorship of centralized computing
operations. There was a kind of freedom in the use of
personal computers. But this was later replaced by server
architectures with enterprise servers and others showing
up in the industry. This made sure that the computing was
done and it did not eat up any of the resources that on e
had with him. All the computing was performed at
servers. Internet grew in the lap of these servers. With
cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come
back to the centralized computing infrastructure. But this
time it is something which can easily be accessed via the
internet and something over which we have all the
control. In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc
Benioff, Parker Harris, and their associates. They applied
many technologies developed by companies such as
Google and Yahoo! to business applications. They also
provided the concepts of "on demand" or SaaS with their
real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS
is that it is customizable by customers with limited
technical support required. Business users have
enthusiastically welcomed the resulting flexibility and
speed. In the early 2000s, Microsoft extended the concept
of SaaS through the development of web services. IBM
detailed these concepts in 2001 in the Autonomic
Computing Program, which described advanced
:
automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-
healing, self-configuring, and self- optimizing in the
management of complex IT systems with various storage,
8. 8. 7 | P a g e Cloud Computing servers, applications,
networks, security mechanisms, and other system
elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.
Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud
computing by modernizing their data centers. Having
found that the new cloud architecture resulted in
significant internal efficiency improvements whereby,
small, fast - moving teams could add new features faster
and easier, Amazon started providing access to their
systems through Amazon Web Services on a utilit y
computing basis in 2005. In 2007, Google, IBM, and a
number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud
computing research project. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an
opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the
relationship among consumers of IT services, those who
use IT services and those who sell them", and observed
that" organizations are switching from company-owned
hardware and software assets to per-use service-based
models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ...
will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some
areas and in significant reductions in other areas."
Common used measureable parameters (upon which the
application is charged for): CPU Usage. External
network usage (the amount of data transferred from and to
the server). Data transactions (the no. of transactions
and the amount of data sent/received).
9. 9. 8 | P a g e Cloud Computing Few terms you should
understand before moving on… Cloud Platform: Cloud
platform is a kind of platform that lets developers write
applications that run in the cloud, or use services provided
from the cloud, or both. Different names are used for this
kind of platform today, including on - demand platform
and platform as a service (PaaS). Cloud Storage: It’s a
method of managing our data (files, photos, music, video,
whatever, etc…) from one or more web based solutions.
Rather than keeping our data primarily on hard drives that
are secured to our computers or other devices, we keep it
“in the cloud” where it may be accessible from any
number of devices. Cloud Infrastructure: Cloud
Infrastructure is the concept of providing `hardware as a
service` i.e. shared/reusable hardware for a specific time
of service. Example includes virtualization. This service
:
helps reduce maintenance and usability costs, considering
the need for infrastructure management & upgrade. Cloud
Services: A Cloud Service is an independent piece of
software which can be used in conjunction with other
Doubleservices
tap to zoom
to achieve
out an interoperable machine -to- machine
interaction over the network. Examples include Amazon’s
Simple Queue Service, Google maps, Amazon’s flexible
payment service etc.
10. 10. 9 | P a g e Cloud Computing Cloud Computing: As
define... “Cloud computing is the delivery of computing
resources over the internet instead of your computer’s
hard drive.” Access your information from anywhere at
any time. Connects to the cloud via the Internet; runs
applications and stores data. For example, many people
use social networking sites or gmail, and these are cloud
services. What cloud computing does is to connect the
capabilities of resour ces and make available these
resources as a single entity which can be changed to meet
the current needs of the user. The basis of cloud
computing is to create a set of virtual servers on the
available vast resource pool and give it to the clients. Any
web enabled device can be used to access the resources
through the virtual servers. Based on the computing needs
of the client, the infrastructure allotted to the client can be
scaled up or down. From a business point of view, cloud
computing is a method to address the scalability and
availability concerns for large scale applications which
involves lesser overhead. Since the resource allocated to
the client can be varied based on the needs of the client
and can be done without any fuss, the overhead is very
low. One of the key concepts of cloud computing is that
as and when the amount of data increases, the cloud
computing services can be used to manage the load
effectively and make the processing tasks easier. In the
era of enterprise servers and personal computers,
hardware was the commodity as the main criteria for the
processing capabilities depended on the hardware
configuration of the server. But with the arrival of cloud
computing, the service has changed to cycles and bytes -
i.e. in cloud computing services, the users are charged
based on the number of cycles of execution performed or
the number of bytes transferred. The hardware or the
machines on which
11. 11. 10 | P a g e Cloud Computing the applications run are
hidden from the user. The amount of hardware needed for
:
computing is taken care of by the management and the
client is charged based on how the user uses these
resources. Some major examples of cloud computing
we're probably using: Google Drive: This is a pure cloud
computing service, with all the apps and storage found
online. Drive is also available on more than just desktop
computers; you can use it on tablets or on smartphones. In
fact, all of Google's services could be considered cloud
computing: Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Reader,
Google Voice, and so on. Upgrade to Google Apps and
you can use many of the above with your own domain
name attached. Apple iCloud: Apple's cloud service is
primarily used for online storage and synchronization of
your mail, contacts, calendar, and more. All the data you
need is available to you on your iOS, Mac OS, or
Windows device. iCloud also stores media files. Amazon
Cloud Drive: Storage at the big retailer is mainly for
music, preferably MP3s that you purchase from Amazon.
Hybrid services like Box, Dropbox, and Sugar Sync all
say they work in the cloud because they store a synched
version of your files online, but most also sync those files
with local storage. Synchronization to allow all your
devices to access the same data is a foundation of the
cloud computing. Likewise, it's considered cloud
computing if you have a community of people with
separate devices that need the same data synched, be it for
work collaboration projects or just to keep the family in
sync.
12. 12. 11 | P a g e Cloud Computing Characteristics of Cloud
Computing: 1- On-Demand Self-Service: A consumer can
unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as
server time and network storage, as needed automatically
without requiring human interaction with each service
provider. Establish, manage and terminate services on
your own, without involving the cloud service provider.
2- Broad Network Access: Cloud computing simply
means network access from just about anywhere
worldwide. Use a standard web browser to access the user
interface, without any software add- ons or specific OS
requirements. You just need to log in to your account
using an internet connection in order to extract the
important information from the service provider’s
website. This is an important feature of cloud computing
as it really helps in generating the best possible results. 3-
Resource Pooling: Resource pooling is an IT term used in
:
cloud computing environments to describe a situation in
which providers serve multiple clients, customers or
"tenants" with provisional and scalable services. These
services can be adjusted to suit each client's needs without
any changes being apparent to the client or end user. It
share resources and costs across a large pool of users,
allowing for centralization and increased peak load
capacity. The provider’s computing resources are pooled
to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model,
with different physical and virtual resources dynamically
assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.
This is the practice of permitting several clients to knock
into a single pool of servers or disk storage or other type
of specific resource.
13. 13. 12 | P a g e Cloud Computing We know that chances
of all the users logging into the account at once are really
low and this is the reason why the company manages
everything through resource pooling. 4- Rapid Elasticity:
Leverage capacity as needed, when needed, and give it
back when it is no longer required. Capabilities can be
rapidly and elastically provisioned. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be
unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any
time. Companies sometimes require additional resources
in a small period of time and this is where cloud
computing comes in to play. For example, in case a firm
gets a fresh client and needs three extra servers to meet up
the customer’s business requirements, the service
provider could permit the firm to uphold three different
servers at a time. 5- Measured Service: Consume
resources as a service and pay only for resources used.
Cloud systems automatically control and optimize
resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some
level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service
(e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user
accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled,
and reported, providing transparency for both the provider
and consumer of the utilized service. The best thing about
cloud computing is that it comes with a pay per use
feature. This is the reason why more and more companies
are choosing it for the purpose of storage. The usage fee
of cloud computing is never a big problem for the
enterprises as you just need to pay for the services that
you make use of. You don’t need to pay in advance and
thereby block your money. Once you use it for a specific
:
period of time, you will just have to pay for that amount
of time.
14. 14. 13 | P a g e Cloud Computing Types of Cloud
Computing: Cloud computing can describe services being
provided at any of the traditional layers from hardware to
applications. In practice, cloud service providers (CSP’s)
tend to offer services that can be grouped into three
categories: software as a service, platform as a service,
and infrastructure as a service. Software as a Service
(SaaS): Provides the same software to different
customers via a network, usually the Internet. Managed
by third party venders Accessible via any computer
without any downloads Pay only for what you used.
Software as a service features a complete application
offered as a service on demand. The most widely known
example of SaaS is salesforce.com, though many other
examples have come to market, including the Google
drive offering of basic business services including email
and word processing. Although salesforce.com preceded
the definition of cloud computing by a few years, it now
operates by leveraging its companion force.com, which
can be defined as a platform as a service.
15. 15. 14 | P a g e Cloud Computing Platform as a Service
(PaaS): Offer an Internet-based platform to developers
who want to create services and application but don't want
to build their own cloud. No need to buy hardware and
software. Servers, storage and networking managed by
third party venders. Rapid development at low cost.
Someone producing PaaS might produce a platform by
integrating an OS, application software, and even a
development environment that is then provided to a
customer as a service. The customer interacts with the
platform through the API, and the platform does what is
necessary to manage and scale itself to provide a given
level of service. Virtual appliances can be classified as
instances of PaaS. A content switch appliance, for
example, would have all of its component software
hidden from the customer, and on ly an API for
configuring and deploying the service provided to them.
PaaS offerings can provide for every phase of software
development and testing, or they can be specialized
around a particular area such as content management.
Commercial examples of PaaS include the Google Apps
Engine, which serves applications on Google’s
infrastructure. PaaS services such as these can provide a
:
powerful basis on which to deploy applications, however
they may be constrained by the capabilities that the cloud
provider chooses to deliver. Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS): Allows applications to be run on a cloud
supplier’s hardware by allows you to install a virtual
server on their IT infrastructure. No need to purchase
servers, or network equipment. Servers, storage and
networking managed by venders. Applications and
updates managed by users. Usually billed based on
usage.
16. 16. 15 | P a g e Cloud Computing Infrastructure as a
service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as
standardized services over the network. Servers, storage
systems, switches, routers, and other systems are pooled
and made available to handle workloads that range from
application components to high - performance computing
applications. Commercial examples of IaaS include
Joyent, whose main product is a line of virtualized servers
that provide a highly available on-demand infrastructure.
Examples: Salesforce.com Salesforce.com is one of the
pioneers of the software as a service (SaaS) model of
distributing business software, in which access to
business software is purchased on a subscription basis and
hosted offsite. They are best known for their Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) products, which it
delivers to businesses over the internet using the SaaS
model. Salesforce.com has its services translated into 16
different languages and currently has thousands of
customers and over millions subscribers. Force.com
Cloud Platform With Force.com, we can build and deliver
applications 5 times faster, at about ½ the cost of
traditional software platforms. We deliver a complete
platform with a simplified programming model so just
about anyone can use it to build apps.
17. 17. 16 | P a g e Cloud Computing Google App Google app
is a service from Google for using custom domain names
with several Google products. It features several Web
applications with similar functionality to traditional office
suites, including: Gmail, Google Calendar, Talk, Docs and
Sites. Google app is innovative tools provided by Google
that can help small business firms, Non-Profit
Organizations, Corporate houses and Educational
institutions in their day to day functioning and also help
to take the organization to the next level. Many schools
and universities are making use of Google app to facilitate
:
better co-ordination among students, staff and faculty. For
small business firms it helps improve collaboration and
communication among employees and helps them work
faster and more efficiently.
18. 18. 17 | P a g e Cloud Computing Deployment Models:
Deploying cloud computing can differ depending on
requirements, and the following four deployment models
have been identified, each with specific characteristics
that support the needs of the services and users of the
clouds in particular ways. Theses deployment models are
based on customer needs and demands. Public Cloud:
Cloud infrastructure which can be accessed by any
subscriber, run by third parties and gives different
application on the cloud’s servers, reduce customer risk
and cost by providing temporary extension to enterprise
infrastructure. The cloud infrastructure is available to the
public on a commercial basis by a cloud service provider.
This enables a consumer to develop and deploy a service
in the cloud with very little financial outlay compared to
the capital expenditure requirements normally associated
with other deployment options. Private Cloud: Cloud
infrastructure that’s maintained and operated for specific
client. Access limited to that client with utmost control
over data, security and quality of services and operation
may be in-house or third party on the premises. Hybrid
Cloud: Combination of public and private cloud models
with ability to allow data to move from one cloud to
another and that is used to maintain service level in the
face of workload fluctuation with leverage cloud solutions
for specific functions that are costly to maintain on
premise i.e. backups and test/development environments.
The cloud infrastructure consists of a number of clouds of
any type. This can be a combination of private and public
clouds that support the requirement to retain some data in
an organization, and also the need to offer services in the
cloud.
19. 19. 18 | P a g e Cloud Computing Community Cloud:
Shared among number of groups with similar cloud
requirement. Help them to limit cost of cloud’s
establishment due to sharing among groups with
operation may be in-house or third party on the premises.
Costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud but
more than a single tenant.
20. 20. 19 | P a g e Cloud Computing Where is the Cloud
Going? • IDC's updated IT Cloud Services Forecast
:
predicts that public cloud computing will grow from
$17.4 billion worth of IT spend in 2009 to $44 billion by
2013. • Additionally, Federal CIO Vivek Kundra has
vowed to spend $19 billion of U.S. government's $70
billion IT budget on cloud computing. • The five year
growth outlook remains strong, with a five-year annual
growth rate of 26% – over six times the rate of traditional
IT offerings. Above figures shows that cloud computing
is getting popularity among consumers, due to low cost,
rapid elasticity, scalability and security.
21. 21. 20 | P a g e Cloud Computing Why Now: • The
acceptance and increase of hardware virtualization and
multi - tenant applications. • The Internet has become
everywhere and an accepted method of connecting
providers with consumers. • ISPs / Telco’s are offering
robust, redundant and managed corporate internet service
enabling service consolidation efficiencies. • The cost
verses risk equation has tipped toward shared solutions. •
Computing capabilities are being seen as an ongoing
service rather than an internal capital expense. Re-allocate
IT expenditures: DATA CENTER COSTS Deploy 10 %
Operate 25 % Support 10 % Facilities 7 % Network 11 %
SW 9 % 50% Labor Expense Cloud Computing reduces
Labor costs Cloud Computing reduces Facilities,
Network, Hardware, Software maintenance costs 50%
Other Expenses
22. 22. 21 | P a g e Cloud Computing Enterprise Cloud
Solutions: 1. Hybrid Cloud: • Scalability of the Public
Cloud with the control and security of a private cloud is
the best cloud solution for enterprises. 2. Test /
Development / QA Platform: • Use cloud infrastructure
servers as their test and development platform. 3. Disaster
Recovery: • Keep images of your servers on cloud
infrastructure ready to go in case of a disaster. 4. Cloud
File Storage: • Backup or Archive your company data to
cloud file storage. 5. Load Balancing: • Use cloud
infrastructure for overflow management during peak
usage times. 6. Overhead Control: • Lower overhead costs
and make your bids more competitive. 7. Distributed
Network Control and Cost Reporting: • Create an
individual private networks for each of your subsidiaries
or contracts. 8. Messaging Alternatives: • Replace
Microsoft Exchange and SharePoint with Google Apps. 9.
Rapid Deployment: • Turn up servers immediately to
fulfill project time lines. 10. Functional IT Labor Shift: •
:
Refocus your IT labor expense on revenue producing
activities.
23. 23. 22 | P a g e Cloud Computing So far in this report we
have highlighted the type of service offered by cloud and
its deployment models. Now we consider its benefits,
weaknesses and challenges face by cloud computing.
Benefits of Cloud Computing: The following are some
benefits of cloud computing-based services and
applications: Cost Saving: The most important benefit one
can get by using cloud computing is cost saving and
especially this has work really well for small sized
companies. Companies can reduce their capital
expenditures and use operational expenditures for
increasing their computing capabilities. This is a lower
barrier to entry and also requires fewer in-house IT
resources to provide system support. Reduced time for
implementation: Cloud computing provides the
processing power and data storage as needed at the
capacity required. This can be obtained in real time
instead of weeks or months that occur when a new
business initiative is brought online in a traditional way.
Dynamic scalability: Many enterprises include a
reasonably large buffer from their avera ge computing
requirement, just to ensure that capacity is in place to
satisfy peak demand. Cloud computing provides an extra
processing buffer as needed at a low cost and without the
capital investment or contingency fees to users. Shortened
development life cycle: Cloud computing adopts the
shorter development life cycle that required by the
traditional development approach. Any new business
application can be developed online, connecting proven
functional application building blocks together.
24. 24. 23 | P a g e Cloud Computing Reliability: Services
using multiple redundant sites can support business
continuity and disaster recovery. Maintenance: Cloud
service providers do the system maintenance, and access
is through application programming interfaces that do not
require application installations onto PCs, thus further
reducing maintenance requirements. Mobile Accessible:
Mobile workers have increased productivity due to
systems accessible in an infrastructure available from
anywhere. Monitor projects more effectively: Stay within
budget and ahead of completion cycle times. This option
is really helpful for small companies or individual as they
use the resources according to their requirement and
:
keeping in mind their projected budget. Less personnel
training is needed: It takes fewer people to do more work
on a cloud, with a minimal learning curve on hardware
and software issues. This result in less spending on
infrastructure and company would spend more on their
projects. Minimize licensing new software: Stretch and
grow without the need to buy expensive software licenses
or programs. Cloud does not require you to buy hardware
and software because all the maintenance will be look
after by the venders.
25. 25. 24 | P a g e Cloud Computing Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing: As you explore your cloud computing
options, a few disadvantages to be aware of include: More
elasticity means less control: While public clouds are
great for quickly scaling up and down your resources,
companies that require complete and total control over
their data and applications will need to avoid the public
cloud. Alternative solutions include hybrid clouds, private
clouds. Not everything fits into the cloud: Depending on
the cloud provider, you may face restrictions on available
applications, operating systems, and infrastructure
options. Complicating matters more is the simple fact that
not all platforms can live in the cloud. To combat this, it is
important to ensure that the cloud provider you choose
also offers physical services. Then if your platform in the
cloud needs to speak to applications on other platforms,
this flexibility of physical collocation will work to ensure
successful interoperation. Data location: Cloud computing
technology allows cloud servers to reside anywhere, thus
the enterprise may not know the physical location of the
server used to store and process their data and
applications. Although from the technology point of view,
location is least relevant, this has become a critical issue
for data governance requirements. It is essential to
understand that many Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) can
also specifically define where data is to be located.
26. 26. 25 | P a g e Cloud Computing Data Safety:
Application sharing and multi-tenancy of data is one of
the characteristics associated with cloud computing.
Although many CSPs have multi-tenant applications that
are secure, scalable and customizable, security and
privacy issues are still often concerns among enterprises.
Data encryption is another control that can assist data
confidentiality. Cloud security policy / procedures
transparency: Some CSPs may have less transparency
:
than others about their information security policy. The
rationalization for such difference is the policies may be
proprietary. As a result, it may create conflict with the
enterprise’s information compliance requirement. The
enterprise needs to have detailed understanding of the
service level agreements (SLAs) that stipulated the
desired level of security provided by the CSPs. Cloud
date ownership: In the contract agreements it may state
that the CP owns the data stored in the cloud computing
environment. The CSP may demand for significant
service fees for data to be returned to the enterprise when
the cloud computing SLAs terminates. Lock-in with
CSP’s application programming interfaces: Currently
many CSPs implement their application by adopting the
APIs. As a result, cloud services transition from one CSP
to another CSP, has become extremely complicated, time-
consuming and labor-intensive.
27. 27. 26 | P a g e Cloud Computing Disaster recovery: It is a
concern of enterprises about the resiliency of cloud
computing, since data may be commingled and scattered
around multiple servers and geographical areas. It may be
possible that the data for a specific point of time cannot
be identified. Unlike traditional hosting, the enterprise
knows exactly where the location is of their data, to be
rapidly retrieved in the event of disaster recovery. In the
cloud computing model, the primary CSP may outsource
capabilities to third parties, who may also outsource the
recovery process. This will become more complex when
the primary CSP does not ultimately hold the data.
28. 28. 27 | P a g e Cloud Computing Challenges face by
Cloud Computing: The following are some of the notable
challenges associated with cloud computing, and although
some of these may cause a slowdown when delivering
more services in the cloud, most also can provide
opportunities, if resolved with due care and attention in
the planning stages. Security and Privacy: Perhaps two of
the more “hot button” issues surrounding cloud
computing relate to storing and securing data, and
monitoring the use of the cloud by the service providers.
The information housed on the cloud is often seen as
valuable to individuals with malicious intent. There is a
lot of personal information and potentially secure data
that people store on th eir computers, and this information
is now being transferred to the cloud. This makes it
critical for you to understand the security measures that
:
your cloud provider has in place, and it is equally
important to take personal precautions to secure your
data. The first thing you must look into is the security
measures that your cloud provider already has in place.
These vary from provider to provider and among the
various types of clouds. What encryption methods do the
providers have in place? What methods of protection do
they have in place for the actual hardware that your data
will be stored on? Will they have backups of my data? Do
they have firewalls set up? If you have a community
cloud, what barriers are in place to keep your information
separate fro m other companies? Many cloud providers
have standard terms and conditions that may answer these
questions, but the home user will probably have little
negotiation room in their cloud contract. A small business
user may have slightly more room to discuss the terms of
their contract with the provider and will be able to ask
these questions during that time. There are many
questions that you can ask, but it is important to choose a
cloud provider that considers the security of your data as
a major concern.
29. 29. 28 | P a g e Cloud Computing No matter how careful
you are with your personal data, by subscribing to the
cloud you will be giving up some control to an external
source. This distance between you and the physical
location of your data creates a barrier. It may also create
more space for a third party to access your information.
However, to take advantage of the benefits of the cloud,
you will have to knowingly give up direct control of your
data. On the converse, keep in mind that most cloud
providers will have a great deal of knowled ge on how to
keep your data safe. A provider likely has more resources
and expertise than the average user to secure their
computers and networks. Lack of Standards: Clouds have
documented interfaces; however, no standards are
associated with these, and thus it is unlikely that most
clouds will be interoperable. The Open Grid Forum is
developing an Open Cloud Computing Interface to
resolve this issue and the Open Cloud Consortium is
working on cloud computing standards and practices. The
findings of these groups will need to mature, but it is not
known whether they will address the needs of the people
deploying the services and the specific interfaces these
services need. However, keeping up to date on the latest
standards as they evolve will allow them to be leveraged,
:
if applicable. Continuously Evolving: User requirements
are continuously evolving, as are the requirements for
interfaces, networking, and storage. This means that a
“cloud,” especially a public one, does not remain static
and is also continuously evolving. Compliance
requirements: Today’s cloud computing services can
challenge various compliance audit requirements
currently in place. Data location; cloud computing
security policy transparency; are all challenging issues in
compliance auditing efforts. Examples of the compliance
requirement including privacy laws and financial
reporting laws.
30. 30. 29 | P a g e Cloud Computing Conclusion: Cloud
Computing is outpacing the IT industry. Real business
value can be realized by customers of all sizes. Cloud
solutions are simple to acquire, don’t require long term
contracts and are easier to scale up and down as needed.
Proper planning and migration services are needed to
ensure a successful implementation. Public and Private
Clouds can be deployed together to leverage the best of
both. Third party monitoring services ensure customer
are getting the most out of their cloud environment.
Security Compliance and Monitoring is achievable with
careful planning and analysis. To summarize, the cloud as
mentioned above provides man y options for the everyday
computer user as well as large and small businesses. It
opens up the world of computing to a broader range of
uses and increases the ease of use by giving access
through any internet connection. However, with this
increased ease also come drawbacks. You have less
control over who has access to your information and little
to no knowledge of where it is stored. You also must be
aware of the security risks of having data stored on the
cloud. The cloud is a big target for malicious individuals
and may have disadvantages because it can be accessed
through an unsecured internet connection. If you are
considering using the cloud, be certain that you identify
what information you will be putting out in the cloud,
who will have access to that information, and what you
will need to make sure it is protected. Additionally, know
your options in terms of what type of cloud will be best
for your needs, what type of provider will be most useful
to you, and what the reputation and responsibilities of the
providers you are considering are before you sign up.
31. 31. 30 | P a g e Cloud Computing Preparing for the
:
Future: Sampling of IT skills likely to be in demand in the
future Functional application development and support.
I.e. Oracle, SAP, SQL, linking hardware to software.
Leveraging data to make strategic business decisions.
I.e. Business Intelligence : Applying sales forecasts to
inventory and manufacturing decisions. Mobile apps.
Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile. WiFi engineers.
USF to include broadband communications (LTE replaces
GSM/CDMA). Optical engineers. Optical offers the
highest bandwidth today (PON, CWDM, DWDM).
Virtualization Specialists. Economies of scale require
virtualization (server, storage, client…). IP Engineers.
Network Security Specialists. Web developers.
Social Media developers. Business Intelligence
application development and support.
32. 32. 31 | P a g e Cloud Computing Further Reading: 1.
Lewis, Grace. Cloud Computing: Finding the Silver
Lining, Not the Silver Bullet.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/newsitems/cloudcomputing.cfm
(2009). 2. Lewis, Grace. Basics about Cloud Computing.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/whitepapers/cloudcomputingb
asics.cfm (2010). 3. Jansen, Wayne & Grance, Timothy.
Guidelines on Security and Privacy in Public Cloud
Computing. National Institute of Standards and
Technology, 2011. 4. Strowd, Harrison & Lewis, Grace.
T-Check in System-of-Systems Technologies: Cloud
Computing (CMU/SEI-2010-TN-009). Software
Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 2010.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/reports/10tn009.cfm.

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