MB A 1.2 Logarithmic Functions Part 2
MB A 1.2 Logarithmic Functions Part 2
logarithmic functions
1.1. Exponential functions
1.2. Logarithmic functions
- Definition
- Properties
- Function and graph
1.3. Exponential and logarithmic equations
and inequalities
1.4. Applications
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Therefore:
• log 𝑏 1 = 0
• log 𝑏 𝑏 = 1
• log 𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
• 𝑏 log𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
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8 = 23 and so log 2 8 = 3
4 ⋅ 8 = 22 ⋅ 23 = 22+3
8 = 23 and so log 2 8 = 3
4 22
= 3 = 22−3
8 2
4
and so log 2 = 2 − 3 = log 2 4 − log 2 8
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𝑥1
General: log 𝑏 = log 𝑏 𝑥1 − log 𝑏 𝑥2
𝑥2
General:
There is no general rule for log 𝑏 (𝑥1 ± 𝑥2 )!
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Exercises
1. Write as a single natural logarithm :
ln 5 + 2 ∙ ln 3 − ln 2 − ln 7 45
1. ln
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log 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑥 ln 𝑥
log 𝑏 𝑥 = = =
log 𝑎 𝑏 log 𝑏 ln 𝑏
Logarithm and GC
Example:
log 0 . 23 Press the button MATH
log 3 0.23 =
log 3
= −1.3377 …
and select A:logBASE
ln 0 . 23 If you do not have this
= = −1.3377 …
ln 3
option: change of base rule
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Exercises
1. Write the following expression in terms of ln(𝑥), ln(𝑦) and
ln(𝑧):
𝑥2𝑦
ln Answer: ln 𝑥 + 0.5 ln 𝑦 − 2.5 ln 𝑧
𝑧5
Examples:
𝑦 = log 2 𝑥 logarithmic function with base 2
𝑦 = log 𝑥 logarithmic function with base 10
𝑦 = ln 𝑥 logarithmic function with base 𝑒.
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𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
-2 1/4 1/4 -2
-1 1/2 𝑦 = 2𝑥 1/2 -1
0 1 1 0
1 2 2 1
2 4 4 2
y = log 2 𝑥
𝒚 = ln 𝒙
𝒚 = log 𝒙
ln 𝑒 = 1 log 10 = 1
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