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C++ Lab Basic

The document discusses C++ syntax, variables, data types, user input, and provides examples of printing output, declaring variables, and building a simple calculator program. It also lists homework problems involving checking if a number is even or odd, calculating the sum of natural numbers, displaying the Fibonacci series, checking for palindromic numbers, and reversing a number.

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41 views

C++ Lab Basic

The document discusses C++ syntax, variables, data types, user input, and provides examples of printing output, declaring variables, and building a simple calculator program. It also lists homework problems involving checking if a number is even or odd, calculating the sum of natural numbers, displaying the Fibonacci series, checking for palindromic numbers, and reversing a number.

Uploaded by

islamshofi942
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE-208: OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING
Lab class 2

Instructor : Bipasha Majumder Lecturer, Dept of CSE


Dhaka International University
C++ Syntax
Let's break up the following code to understand it better:
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
Example explained
Line 1:
#include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us
work with input and output objects, such as cout (used in
line 5). Header files add functionality to C++ programs.
//#include <conio.h> includes the console input
output library functions. The getch() function is defined
in conio.h file.
Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use
names for objects and variables from the standard library.
Don't worry if you don't understand how #include
<iostream> and using namespace std works. Just think of
it as something that (almost) always appears in your
program.
Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we
use it to make the code more readable.
Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++
program, is int main(). This is called a function. Any
code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.
//void main() The main() function is the entry point of
every program in C++ language. The void keyword
specifies that it returns no value.
Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used
together with the insertion operator (<<) to output/print
text. In our example it will output "Hello World!".
Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.
Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }
Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces.
However, multiple lines makes the code more readable.
Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.
Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to
actually end the main function.

C++ Output (Print Text)


The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to
output values/print text:
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

New Lines
To insert a new line, you can use the \n character:
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World! \n";
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}
Another way to insert a new line, is with the endl
manipulator:
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
cout << "I am learning C++";
return 0;
}

C++ Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
In C++, there are different types of variables (defined
with different keywords), for example:
 int - stores integers (whole numbers), without
decimals, such as 123 or -123
 double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals,
such as 19.99 or -19.99
 char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char
values are surrounded by single quotes
 string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String
values are surrounded by double quotes
 bool - stores values with two states: true or false

Declaring (Creating) Variables


To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a value:
Syntax
type variableName = value;
Where type is one of C++ types (such as int), and
variableName is the name of the variable (such as x or
myName). The equal sign is used to assign values to the
variable.
To create a variable that should store a number, look at
the following example:
Example
Create a variable called myNum of type int and assign it
the value 15:
int myNum = 15;
cout << myNum;
You can also declare a variable without assigning the
value, and assign the value later:
Example
int myNum;
myNum = 15;
cout << myNum;
Note that if you assign a new value to an existing
variable, it will overwrite the previous value:
Example
int myNum = 15; // myNum is 15
myNum = 10; // Now myNum is 10
cout << myNum; // Outputs 10

Other Types
A demonstration of other data types:
Example
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number
without decimals)
double myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number
(with decimals)
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
string myText = "Hello"; // String (text)
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean (true or false)
Declare Many Variables
To declare more than one variable of the same type, use a
comma-separated list:
Example
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50;
cout << x + y + z;

C++ Identifiers
All C++ variables must be identified with unique
names.
These unique names are called identifiers.
Identifiers can be short names (like x and y) or more
descriptive names (age, sum, totalVolume).
Note: It is recommended to use descriptive names in
order to create understandable and maintainable code:
Example
// Good
int minutesPerHour = 60;

// OK, but not so easy to understand what m actually is


int m = 60;
The general rules for naming variables are:
 Names can contain letters, digits and underscores
 Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
 Names are case sensitive (myVar and myvar are
different variables)
 Names cannot contain whitespaces or special
characters like !, #, %, etc.
 Reserved words (like C++ keywords, such as int)
cannot be used as names

C++ User Input


You have already learned that cout is used to output
(print) values. Now we will use cin to get user input.
cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the
keyboard with the extraction operator (>>).
In the following example, the user can input a number,
which is stored in the variable x. Then we print the value
of x:
Example
int x;
cout << "Type a number: "; // Type a number and press
enter
cin >> x; // Get user input from the keyboard
cout << "Your number is: " << x; // Display the input
value
Good To Know
cout is pronounced "see-out". Used for output, and uses
the insertion operator (<<)
cin is pronounced "see-in". Used for input, and uses the
extraction operator (>>)

Creating a Simple Calculator


In this example, the user must input two numbers. Then
we print the sum by calculating (adding) the two
numbers:
Example
int x, y;
int sum;
cout << "Type a number: ";
cin >> x;
cout << "Type another number: ";
cin >> y;
sum = x + y;
cout << "Sum is: " << sum;
H.W –
1. Write a C++ Program to Check Whether Number is
Even or Odd.
2. Write a C++ Program to Calculate Sum of Natural
Numbers
3. Write a C++ Program to Display Fibonacci Series
4. Write a C++ Program to Check Whether a Number is
Palindrome or Not
5. Write a C++ Program to Reverse a Number

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